Quiz 1 Flashcards
William James’s view of consciousness is MOST similar to which of the following?
-the parts of a clock
-a flowing stream
-the parts of an atom
-an explanatory fiction
A flowing stream
Which perspective stresses the importance of studying observable behaviours and ignores the mental processes involved in different tasks?
-Humanism
-Cognitive Psyc
-Natural Selection
-Behaviourism
Behaviourism
Which is the study of mental processes and how they relate to the brain?
-Positive Psyc
-Cog Neuroscience
-Social Neuroscience
-Health Psyc
Cognitive Neuroscience
In addition to being a science, what is the other aspect of the field of psychology?
-Profession
-Philosophy
-Art
-Career
Profession
The difference in psychology in Canada when compared to psychology in the United states?
-Canadian Psychologists tend to place less emphasis on neuroscience than do American psychologists
-there are more psychologists per capita in Canada
-the nature of the impact of Canadian cultural diversity on the area of the cultural psychology differs to that in the United States
-Psychologists in the united states receive better training.
The nature of the impact of Canadian cultural diversity on the area of cultural psychology differs to that in the United States.
The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on?
-The important role of mental processes in how people process and remember information, develop language, solve problems, and think
-The motivation of people to grow psychologically and the influence of interpersonal relationships
-How overt behavior is acquired and modified by environmental influences
-The diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries
The important role of mental processes in how people process and remember information, develop language, solve problems, and think.
What did many psychologists begin to specialize in after World War II?
-Research Psyc
-Experimental psyc
-Industrial psyc
-Clinical psyc
Clinical Psychology
Which research method was developed by Edward B. Titchener?
-Reinforcement
-Neuroscience
-Psychoanalysis
-Introspection
Introspection
Why did Titchener call his perspective structuralism?
-It focused on identifying the major brain structures
-it focused on understanding the physiology of the mind
-it focused on describing the structure of conscious experience
-it focused on analyzing the elements of the nervous system
If focused on describing the structure of conscious experience
Most people who call themselves psychologists are in which subfield of psychology?
-Clinical Psyc
-Counselling Psyc
-School Psyc
-Cognitive Psyc
Clinical Psychology
Hassan is a 24 year old male presenting with auditor hallucinations, paranoid thoughts of persecution, and claims of “special powers” Hassan suffers from schizophrenia and sees Dr.Rogers, who is which type of psychologist?
-Applied Psyc
-Social Psyc
-Health Psyc
-Clinical Psyc
Clinical Psychologist
What did not have a significant influence of Sigmund Freud’s theory development?
-Knowledge gained from his examination of his own anxieties, conflicts, and desires
-The results of this experimental research
-His observation of the slips of the tongue people tend to make
-Knowledge gained as a result of working with patients
The results of experimental research
Which of your textbook’s unifying themes is reflected in the fact that people sometimes see what they either “want to see” or “expect to see”?
-Behavior is shaped by cultural heritage
-People’s experience of the world is highly subjective
-People’s experience of the world is empirical
-Heredity and environment jointly influenced behavior.
People’s experience of the world is highly subjective.
Where is the first-ever psychology lab?
-Vienna
-Leipzig
-Boston
-Stanford
Leipzig
If you wish to teach a child to pick up his toys, whose principles and techniques would be most useful?
-Wilhelm Wundt
-B.F. Skinner
-Abraham Maslow
-William James
B. F. Skinner
Which school of psychology would be least likely to compare humans to other animals?
-Behaviourism
-Humanism
-Evolutionary Psychology
-Functionalism
Humanism
What did both Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener believe should be the focus of psychology?
-Basic elements of conscious experience
-Observable Behavior
-Unconscious determinants of behavior
-the function of purpose of consciousness
Basic elements of conscious experience
Both Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow would agree that?
-Human behavior is largely determined by primitive sexual urges
-People have a basic need to fulfil their potential for personal growth
-People are controlled by genetic forces and do not tent to change across the life span
-Human behavior is entirely shaped by environmental events.
People have a basic need to fulfil their potential for personal growth.
What do researchers do when conducting descriptive or correlational research?
-THey systematically describe patterns of behaviour and discover relationships among variables.
-THey simultaneously manipulate two or more independant variables
-THey expose subjects to two closely related treatement conditions
-THey manipulate a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observe wether there are changes in a second variable as a result.
They systematically describe patterns of behaviour and discover relationships among variables
What does it mean when research results are said to be statistically significant?
-The probablity that the observed findings are scientific is very high
-THe probablity that the observed findings are due to chance is very low
-THe observed findings are important
-The observed findings are interesting
The probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low
Who is the target audience for articles published in technical and scholarly journals?
- anyone with an interest in the topic
-the general public
-students majoring in that field
-professionals in that field
Professionals in that field
In which section of a journal article would you look for hypotheses for a research study?
-Results
-Introduction
-Methodology
-References
Introduction
For which method might a researcher employ a number of techniques such as interviews, direct observation, and psychological testing?
-A survey
-A case study
-A correlation
-Naturalistic Observation
A Case Study
What is the median of:
1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4?
3
What does the researcher do when using the case study method?
-Conduct an in-depth investigation of an individual subject
-Manipulate a variable under carefully controlled conditions
-Engage in careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with subjects
-Use questionnaires of interviews to gather information about specific aspects of participants behavior
Conduct an in-depth investigation of an individual subject.
What do we call a numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables?
-Experimental coefficent
-Variable coefficent
-Correlational coefficent
-Causation coefficent
Correlation Coefficient
What is most important for reducing the likelihood of extraneous variables?
-Random sampling
-random assignment
-correlational methods
-experimental methods
Random assignment
What can be said about distribution of scores where the mean is lower than the median and mode?
-The distributin is negativley skewed
-the median and mode must be the same
-the distribution is positivley skewed
-the standard deviation is high
The distribution is negatively skewed.
Dr. Hessels is examining how different people respond to frightening events. She will have participants walk through a haunted house at a local amusement park, and each participant will be outfitted with a heart monitor. She will use the changes in heart rate as a measure of stress. What are two ways that such changes in heart rate can be described?
-an operational definition and dependent variable
-a physiological recording and an independent variable
-a confounded variable and a physiological recording
-an operational definition and an independent variable
An operational definition and a dependent variable.
With which major advantage of the scientific approach are operational definitions most closely associated?
-tolerance and error
-clarity and precision
-intolerance of error
-the common sense approach
Clarity and precision
Dr.McDougall is a researcher who measures blood alcohol level to determine intoxication. In this example, how is “blood alcohol level” being used?
-as an operational definition
-as an independent variable
-as a covariant
-as a hypothetical variable
As an Operational Definition
Two main advantages of scientific approach?
-precision and intolerance of error
-the use of common sense and intolerance of error
-the use of common sense and easy acceptance of the research findings of others
-clarity and easy acceptance of the research findings of others
Precision and intolerance of error
If the distribution of test scores for a midterm is normal, approx. what percentage of the class should have a score that falls within two standard deviations of the mean?
-34
-95
-99
-68
95%
In which study would it be impossible to implement a double-blind procedure?
a)A study on the effects of a new pain medication
b)An experiment that requires informed consent
c) A study that tests whether yoga influences mood
d) An experiment that has a completely representative sample.
A study on the effects of a new pain medication
Psychology researchers publish the results of their studies so that other experts can evaluate and scrutinize those results. Which of your text’s unifying themes is illustrated in this practice?
-Peoples experience of the world is highly subjective
-psyc is emperical
-behavior is determined by multiple causes
-psyc is theoretically diverse
Psychology is empirical.
Contributions of structuralism and functionalism to the evolution of psychology as a discipline?
-Structuralism(Edward Titchener) was based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic and investigate how these elements are related.
/This allows for introspection, which is when they focus the study on person in a more objective and aware note.
-Functionalism(William Jones) was shaped on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than the structure.
/James believed that structuralists missed the real nature of conscious experience and argued that consciousness was a continuous flow of thought.
-Functionalism lasted longer than structuralism but both faded away although being huge topics of study for years.
/Fight between the two ideas gave direction for the new science of psychology.
/Functionalism went on to foster two descendants, Behaviourism and Psychology.
Define Psychology
The science that studies behaviour and the cognitive processes that underlie it and the profession that applies this knowledge to solving various practical problems.
Explain how you would attempt to prevent placebo effects problems within a research design.
Double-bind study can be done which is a procedure in which neither participants nor experimenters know which participants are in the experimental or control groups.
Problems in research associated with Placebo Effects.
-Placebo effects are typically attributable to people’s expectations therefore it is highly subjective based on a persons prior experience.
/This means outcome of the study conducted may not be genuine results but rather results that “felt like it was happening” for participants.
-Placebo Effects are also hard to support scientifically due to there being nothing scientific happening that can be measured or studied.
-Researches can introduce fake versions of the experiment to see if the participant is faking the results.
