Quiz 1 Flashcards
List
physical determinants of health
- natural environment
- built environment
- worksites, schools, and recreational settings
- housing and community design
- exposure to toxic substances
- physical barriers
- aesthetic elements
List
key areas of social determinants of health
- economic stability
- education
- social and community context
- health and heath care
- neighborhood and built environment
List
measurements of economic stability
- employment
- food insecurity
- housing instability
- poverty
List
measurements of education
- early childhood education and development
- enrollment in higher education
- high school graduation
- language and literacy
List
measurements of social and community context
- civic participation
- discrimination
- incarceration
- social cohesion
List
measurements of health and healthcare
- access to health care
- access to primary care
- health literacy
List
measurements of neighborhood and built environment
- access to foods that support healthy eating patterns
- crime and violence
- environmental conditions
- quality of housing
Explain
biopsychosocial model
illness and health are a result of interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors
Quote
Surgeon General’s definition of “mental disorder”
“Mental disorders are characterized by abnormalities in cognition, emotion or mood, or the highest integrated aspects of behavior, such as social interactions or planning future activities.”
Explain
DSM-5 definition of “mental disorder”
clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior
reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning
List
5 factors of DSM-5 definition of “mental disorder”
- a behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual
- reflects an underlying psychobiological dysfunction
- the consequences of which are clinically significant distress or disability
- must not be merely an expected response to common stressors and losses or a culturally sanctioned response to a particular event
- primarily the result of social deviance or conflicts within society
Explain
difference between a disorder and a symptom
a symptom is a singular abnormality in cognition, mood, or behavior
a disorder is characterized by abnormalities in cognition, mood, or behavior that significantly impact one’s life
List
examples of mental disorders
- major depression
- bipolar disorder
- anxiety disorders
- post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
- schizophrenia
- My girlfriend Kathryne
List
types of anxiety disorders
- specific phobias
- generalized anxiety disorders
- panic disorders
define
depressive episode
period of at least 2 weeks characterized by symptoms of major depression
associated with bipolar disorder
define
manic episode
state of mind characterized by high energy, excitement, and euphoria over a sustained period of time
associated with bipolar disorder
List
characteristics of a manic episode
- long period of feeling elated or excessively happy
- rapid talking, jumping from idea to idea, or racing thoughts
- easily distractible
- increasing goal-directed activities
- restlessness
- sleeping less than usual
- unusual belief in one’s activities
- impulse and reckless behavior
Define
mixed state
a state wherein features unique to both depression and mania occur either simultaneously or in very short succession
List
characteristics of a mixed state
- agitation
- trouble sleeping
- appetite changes
- suicidal thinking
- intense and rapid changes
Explain
why disorders co-occur
common risk factors can contribute to both mental disorders and substance use disorders
mental illness can contribute to drug use and substance use disorders
substance use and addiction can contribute to development of mental illness
List
diagnostic criteria of depression
Display of the following signs and symptoms for at least two weeks:
- persistent sad, axious, or “empty mood”
- feelings of hopelessness/pessimism
- feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness
- loss of interest/pleasure in hobbies/activities
- thoughts of death or suicide or suicide attempts
- decreased energy and/or fatigue
- difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
- difficulty sleeping
- appetite/weight changes
- restlessness/irritability
- persistent physical symptoms
List
diagnostic criteria of bipolar disorder
experiencing manic episodes that last for at least 1 week and are characterized by:
- inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
- decreased need for sleep
- increased talkativeness
- racing thoughts
- distraction
- increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
- engaging in activities that hold the potential for painful consequences
experiencing depressive episodes that last for at least 2 weeks and are characterized by:
- depressed mood
- loss of interest or pleasure in all (or almost all) activities
- significant weight loss or decrease/increase in appetite
- engaging in purposeless movements
- fatigue or loss of energy
- feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- diminished ability to think or concentrate
- recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt
List
diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia
positive symptoms:
- hallucinations
- delusions
- thought disorders
- movement disorders
negative symptoms:
- lack of affect
- difficulty starting or sustaining activities
- reduced speaking or interaction with others
- reduced pleasure
cognitive symptoms:
- poor executive functioning
- trouble focusing or paying attention
- poor working memory
Define
substance use disorder
a problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress for over a 12-month period
