QUIZ #1 Flashcards
Who is Maria Lugones?
feminist philosopher
Lugones wrote a philosophical reflection on?
her experiences as an ‘outsider’ to the mainstream as an Argentinian women living in the U.S.
Her experiences of shifting how she views her mother
A writing about cross-cultural and cross-racial loving
What is arrogant perception?
The tendency of those in power to claim or define others to serve their interests, not only in practice, but at the very level of how we view or perceive other people. (Almost view people as tools to your disposal).
When we view others in limited and often harmful ways
Arrogant Perception: Attitude toward the other that is characterized by…?
a lack of recognition of who they are in a more fuller sense
Arrogant Perception: Lugones argues?
We all are arrogant perceivers, or have the potential to be…
Often times we are taught to be arrogant perceivers (Knowingly or Unknowingly)
Each of us can be the agent (the doer) and the object (the receiver) of arrogant perception
Arrogant perception is a failure to?
love in a deep kind of meaningful way
Failure of Love happens in two distinct ways which are?
1) Overt Failure of Love: Ignoring, ostracizing, rendering invisible, stereotyping
E.g. The dumb jock
2) Subtle Failure of Love: When we believe our being and worlds are independent of each other
E.g. Poem “We lived happily during the war”
Subtle ways that we detach ourselves from the atrocities or happenings that exist around us as in ways that we see ourselves as separate from.
What is Subtle Failure of Love?
When we have the ability to detach ourselves from others…especially groups and people we see as different than us
Often must be in a privileged position to do this.
Ex. BLM protests, backing off and detaches yourself even though it has a huge impact on others. You only detach because it has no meaning to you.
People prefer to be oblivious so we don’t have any ethical burden on ourselves.
Both forms of failing to love are situated in? (4)
1) Push for independence (my being is not attached to your being, separate lives)
2) Indifference to each other (this is my world, that is your world. I don’t want to know about yours)
3) No sense of concern/loss for others wellbeing (when someone else feels pain, you feel nothing at all)
4) Failure to identify with (you cannot move beyond a difference (ex. race) and then cannot identify with the other person)
Failure to love allows us to?
Abuse without identification (disidentify yourself, think about something and not see the issues that hurt others)
Said another way allows us to perpetuate Racism, Sexism, Ageism, Ableism, etc.
Ex. It is hard to live a life thinking you’re nice if everyone tells you that you’re mean.
Loving perception is?
In contrast to arrogant perception
An understanding that we are dependent upon others without being subordinate to them
Ex. If I think I’m funny and make a joke, I’m dependent on others to laugh to confirm to myself that I’m funny. But, if you say I’m not, I still can be a funny person- not subordinate to others.
When we engage others in ways that allow us both to be better understood
Loving Perception: Attitude and orientation towards the other is characterized by…?
an ongoing search for mutual recognition and confirmation of who we are in a more fuller sense
When you engage with others that allows you to both be understood. Understand each other’s wholeness. Ex. teacher says “tell me all about you. “ – then they will know who they are working with and resonate with them more.
Loving Perception: Lugones argues?
We all have the potential to perceive each other in loving ways
Loving way out of abuse without identification
Way to stop the cycle of perpetuating Racism, Sexism, Ageism, Ableism, Healthism, etc.
Lugones explains that in order to come with loving perception we need to become?
Playful World Travelers
World traveling with loving perception is? (2)
The ability to see with some one else’s eyes…Meaning:
1) The ability to see the other from their world (how they define/know themselves)
2) The ability to see who you are from their world (how they define/know you)
Ex. the way university is structured, a prof cannot attend to the students wholeness. – hard to make this possible.
What is a playful world traveller?
Thing/Place/Environment inhabited by people
Could be an actual society given its dominant culture and way of life
E.g. Canadian Society, constructions of gender and masculinity
Could be a tiny (tinier) portion of a particular society
E.g. Provincial, like Alberta, Quebec, or Saskatchewan
Even tinier!! A world can be as tiny as your family home, the hockey arena, the locker room
Ex of worlds: gym, classroom, different countries, etc.
What is a “fluent speaker” in a world?
Know norms rules, language, moves, are Confident! (ex. me at the gym)
What is “Normatively Happy” in that world?
Agree w/ norms, asked to do what you want and think you should do, generally at ease/comfortable
Ease can be found in…: People (humanly bonded), shared history
(ex. not comfortable with yoga but going with a friend puts me at ease)
(ex. related to a time in history to talk about, like the riders winning the grey cup)
What is “Dis-ease or Outsider” in that world?
Don’t fit, know norms, asked to play part that is not you, do not feel healthy/full in these worlds (Lugones really felt this one).- feel like you have to be a different person to operate and live in that world.
If you don’t feel good about the world you are going to feel a push to leave (ex. when I played Miller basketball I never knew how to act. I was good at the skills but I struggled being in that world)
What is closest to “Fullest sense of self. Experience ease and agency over what one can do and be.”?
“Fluent Speaker” in that world
What is closest to No sense of experiencing agency or own will. Feel dominated.”?
“Dis-ease or Outsider” in that world
Who are “world travellers”?
People who have the distinct experience of being different in different ‘worlds’ (place/environments) = “Double sided-ness”
People who have the capacity to remember other worlds and ourselves in them
E.g., That is me in that world (ex. me in the gym is outgoing and confident while myself at school is very quiet and shy)
What is “world travelling”?
Shift from being one person to being another person = Travel; traveler; travelling
**This travelling is not always willful, wanted or even conscious
Sometimes done out of necessity (Outsiders of mainstream worlds often negotiate this more)
What is Playfulness Attribute?
Attitude Lugones recommends as the loving attitude to travel across worlds
There are different types of being ‘playful’…
What is Agonistic Play?
Competence is supreme
Know rules of game
Uncertainty around who wins and loses
Structured for hostility
What is Loving Play?
Openness to surprise (uncertainty in what doing)
Openness to self construction (we are not self-important)
There are no rules that are sacred (no one way)
We are there creatively (we are not passive)
Agonistic Play travelers look to?
conquer other worlds (looking to win) so they can live at ease- don’t try to make the world your own
NOT WHAT LUGONES WAS PUSHING FOR
Loving Play travelers are interested in?
the possibilities that may exist for being in that world. (Not trying to control the world)
*turning an activity/relation into play.
(ex. you can adapt a soccer game so everyone will enjoy and want to play)
Playful world travelling as an approach to?
working with others in a more respectful way
Playful world travelling asks us to consider?
moving away from arrogant perception and towards seeing the fullness of another person (can be hard in situations like work, but at least try!)
Lugones article relevance to sport/rec/health?
Most if not all in this room will work in a relational profession
Relational professions are those areas of work where you work with people to care and support others towards better wellbeing
Requires wholeness in relation
Relation should have a place of discussion!! – understand people and their wholeness so you can provide the best program possible.
Arrogant Perception & Relational Professions in Sport/Rec/Health?
Many rec/sport/health services based in arrogant perception (i.e., the deficits of the people and we are there to ‘fix them up’)
Systematic reproduction of arrogant perception in our institutions (we are taught to do this)
(Ex. person centered teaching can defeat this arrogance)
As practitioners and people we can be playful “world” travellers how?
Learn how clients/participants define themselves and you in your relation (can help shift practice) – do not have to do it by the book, do what works for everyone.
Understand how people we work with experience negotiating ‘worlds’ (facilitate ease..?)
As experts/practitioners we don’t always know best (openness to working with/understanding…)
Loving Perception elevance to sport/rec/health?
Lugones speaks primarily of the need to be playful world travelers and come with loving perception towards other PEOPLE
In recreation, leisure, sport area we can also turn this loving perception towards the ACTIVITY….Meaning…
We may perceive specific activities arrogantly or in limited ways…or we use our understanding of an activity to define a person
May be missing the fuller meaning of the activity in that person’s life
E.g. Me learning about crossfit from a woman graduate student in Montreal
Meaning of gardening or football in my life
(Ex. seeing cross fit as intense and you immediately think they are an adrenaline junkie but you don’t know anything about them)
**Multiplicity of meanings exist…part of what we can do is learn those meanings deeper
TRY TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THINGS MEAN IN PEOPLE’S LIVES
Everyone has a different story of what an activity means to them.
Who is Greg Sarris?
author and writer on cross cultural communication
Writing is a philosophical reflection that demonstrates what?
the limits of we each have in terms of cross cultural communications and the implications that can have for understanding
“Just because we are conversing with one another does not mean we are understanding one another” (Sarris, 1993, p. 5)
What is the Peeling Potatoes Metaphor?
Metaphor demonstrates that our interpretations or judgments on the world are shaped by and constituted by different cultural and personal worlds.
Meaning: Our cultural and personal world shapes how we understand and make judgments
How did greg misinterpret the metaphor?
Greg watched the women peel potatoes thinking the objective was a perfectly smooth round potatoes…this was not the case—learned he had limits to how he viewed or read across cultures… he misinterpreted or assumed that was the objective
If culture shapes our understanding of almost everything (how we interpret the world around us)…then it is fair to say that?
culture shapes our understanding of ethics (right/wrong—good/bad)
Culture is how we make sense of the world- cultural norms, what society tells you based on your culture.
Culture informs your thinking- what you look for and what you miss
What is ethical relativism?
What is right or wrong (ethical) depends on the moral and social norms that are practiced and expected in that culture, society, community.
Each culture or community has drastically different ways of judging what is ethically permissible actions given cultural/social norms and one cannot judge another person/culture by a different cultural norm.
Ethical relativism example?
I come from a certain culture/community and see a certain way to deal with a situation but someone from another culture/community has a different way to deal with it - YOU CANNOT JUDGE THEM FOR DOING I THAT WAY
Ethical framework that stopped injustices of colonization/imperialism and moved world toward?
cross-cultural tolerance
Margaret Mead, Anthropologist; showed what about Europeans (and other powerful/privileged people)…?
had little respect towards practices of other cultures (Indigenous)
How do Europeans (and other powerful/privileged people) deem other cultures?
Was common for Europeans to deem cultural practices, behaviors and moral belief systems of other cultures as inferior or less-than
Thus, ethical relativism proposed that the beliefs systems and ethical norms of other cultures (outside of Europeans) also had value and should be valued.
Ex. residential schools feeling right in the western culture in that era
Ethical relativism is an approach that?
An approach that shows respect for the values of other cultures, instead of dismissal
Ethical relativism asks us to?
Have the ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not to make judgments using the standards of our own culture
…to be better cross-cultural communicators, to playfully travel to other worlds to understand what is acceptable and ethical action within that specific cultural context.
Just because you feel its wrong due to your cultural beliefs, it doesn’t mean it is
What does critical of ethnocentrism mean?
Ethnocentrism is applying your cultures or communities standards over another’s with the sense that your cultural discourse is superior or the standard in which to judge all actions
Ex. In North America ethical judgement of hijab = oppression… hello ethnocentrism!!
What is Critical 5o?
the notion that ethics are universalizable truths that cut across all places, cultures, and groups
Should the same standard be used everywhere? Why?
Relativists say no.
That would actually lead to dominance by some groups and ways of knowing over other groups
