Quiz 1

Question 1

Monogamy

Answer 1

Animals that consort with one mate only, usually for their entire lifespan.

Ex: Seahorses, gray wolves, macaroni penguins, etc.

Question 2

Conditions that favor monogamy

Answer 2

1) Spatial & temporal distribution of females
2) Parental care costs and benefits
3) Offspring need
4) Infanticide
5) Costs and benefits of multiple mating
6) Mate competition
7) Paternity assurance
8) The potential for mate guarding
9) Resource uses

Question 3

Polygyny

Answer 3

Males that consort with more than one female at a time.

Ex: Elephant seals, lions, gorillas, etc.

Question 4

Conditions that favor polygyny

Answer 4

Populations with higher ratio of males, who want to reproduce as much as possible, are less “choosy” and mate with many females

Question 5

Polyandry

Answer 5

Females that consort with more than one male at a time.

Ex: Spotted sandpipers, phalaropes, jacanas

Question 6

Polyandry

Answer 6

Females that consort with more than one male at a time.

Ex: Spotted sandpipers, phalaropes, jacanas

Question 7

Conditions that favor polyandry

Answer 7

Females compete for mates while the males perform all/most parental duties.

Question 8

Conditions that favor polyandry

Answer 8

Females compete for mates while the males perform all/most parental duties.

Question 9

Promiscuity

Answer 9

Animals having multiple sexual partners.

Question 10

Heterotrophic

Answer 10

Feed by consuming other organisms, digesting food in an internal chamber.

Question 11

Radial Symmetry

Answer 11

Having a plane of symmetry about each diameter (like a pizza)

Question 12

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 12

Type of symmetry in which a central axis divides the body into two sides that are mirror images of each other. Development of the head led to motivated, specialized motion.

Question 13

Diploblastic

Answer 13

Having only two germ layers.

Ex: Endoderm and ectoderm

Question 14

Triploblastic

Answer 14

Embryos with three primary germ layers.

Question 15

Endoderm

Answer 15

Primary germ layer in embryo of multicellular animals that gives rise to digestive tract, respiratory tract, and associated glandular epithelium.

Question 16

Mesoderm

Answer 16

One of the three germ layers in triploblastic animals. Forms the layer of cells lying between ectoderm and endoderm in the gastrula, and gives rise to muscle and connective tissues. In vertebrates is becomes blood, the vascular system and heart, kidney, and skin dermis.

Question 17

Ectoderm

Answer 17

Primary germ layer in embryo of multicellular animals that give rise to epidermis and nervous system.

Question 18

Acoelomate

Answer 18

Animals not having a true coelom.

Ex: sponges, sea anemones, corals, etc.

Question 19

Pseudocoelomate

Answer 19

animals whose body cavity is pseudocoelom and not a true coelom.

Question 20

Coelom (Coelomates)

Answer 20

Body cavity in animals that houses gonads, excretory organs, and opens to the exterior.

Question 21

Blastula

Answer 21

Hollow ball of cells that develops from the morula in embryogenesis in many animals.

Question 22

Gastrulation

Answer 22

Early stage in animal embryogensisis involving extensive cell movements and reshaping embryo. Endoderm and mesoderm move inside and forms gut cavity.

Question 23

Archenteron

Answer 23

Cavity formed at gastrulation which develops into the gut of the embryo.

Question 24

What makes an organism an animal?

Answer 24

1) Eukaryotic, multicellular, lacks cell wall
2) Capable of locomotion
3) Heterotrophic
4) Oxygen used in metabolism

Question 25

What makes an organism an animal?

Answer 25

1) Eukaryotic, multicellular, lacks cell wall
2) Capable of locomotion
3) Heterotrophic
4) Oxygen used in metabolism
5) Produce haploid gametes
6) Blastula stage
* * At some point in their lifespan **

Question 26

What makes an organism an animal?

Answer 26

1) Eukaryotic, multicellular, lacks cell wall
2) Capable of locomotion
3) Heterotrophic
4) Oxygen used in metabolism
5) Produce haploid gametes
6) Blastula stage
* * At some point in their lifespan **

Question 27

Why is the Cambrian Explosion important?

Answer 27

This is when the body plans of major groups of modern animals appeared.

Question 28

Major benefits of having a true coelom

Answer 28

1) Room for organ development
2) Increases surface area for diffusion in and out of organs
3) Storage area
4) Can function as hydrostatic skeleton
5) Provides manner for waste elimination and release of reproductive products from body
6) Allows increased body size

Question 29

Major benefits of having a true coelom

Answer 29

1) Room for organ development
2) Increases surface area for diffusion in and out of organs
3) Storage area
4) Can function as hydrostatic skeleton
5) Provides manner for waste elimination and release of reproductive products from body
6) Allows increased body size

Question 30

How does body cavity improve motion function?

Answer 30

It provides a hydrostatic skeleton, allowing muscles to grow independently of body wall.

Question 31

How does body cavity improve motion function?

Answer 31

It provides a hydrostatic skeleton, allowing muscles to grow independently of body wall.

Question 32

Zygote

Answer 32

Diploid cell formed from the union of two gametes, from which a new individual eventually forms.

Question 33

Morula

Answer 33

Single globular mass of cells that’s the product of the first rounds of cell division of a zygote.

Question 34

Blastula

Answer 34

Hollow ball of cells that develops from the morula in embryogenisis.

Question 35

Gastrula (with archenteron)

Answer 35

Animal embryo when undergoing gastrulation.

Question 36

Gastrula (with archenteron)

Answer 36

Animal embryo when undergoing gastrulation.

Question 37

Phylogenetic species concept

Answer 37

Smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life (uses morphology and genetics)

Question 38

Analogy

Answer 38

Similarities among species that are necessary to serve the same function. Do not provide evidence for a common ancestor.

**Structural similarity is necessary for the function **
Ex: wings on birds, bees, etc.

Question 39

Analogy

Answer 39

Similarities among species that are necessary to serve the same function. Do not provide evidence for a common ancestor.

**Structural similarity is necessary for the function **
Ex: wings on birds, bees, etc.

Question 40

Homology

Answer 40

Similarities among species that are not necessary to serve the same function. Does provide evidence for a common ancestor.

**Result of descent with modification = characteristic with underlying similarity, yet different functions **
Ex: Bone structure of human arms, whale flippers, bat wings, etc. among mammals