Quiz 1 Flashcards
Primary source
Historical source from someone living during time period/event documenting that time period/event
Secondary source
Source that analyzes and interprets primary source(s)
Ferdinand and Isabella
Rulers of Spain in late 1400s-early 1500s, spearhead reconquista and inquisition, fund Columbus’ trip to Americas
Reconquista
Reconquest- Ferdinand and Isabella take territory from Moors (Granada last to fall) and unite loose kingdoms into Spain
Atlantic world
“New World”, Latin America
Atlantic creoles
People with higher contact with Iberians
Kingdom of Kongo
In west central Africa, dominated broad region w/many linguistically related Bantu groups, relied on agriculture and metallurgical sector
Convivencia
Coexistence, in context of Christians living with Muslims and Jewish people
Feitoria
Portuguese forts
Transatlantic slave trade
Europeans enslaved African people and transferred them to americas to do labor
Popul Vuh
Film/creation myth of the k’iche’ maya
Maya
Indigenous group in Mesoamérica, sedentary, around Yucatán peninsula
Mexica (Aztec)
Occupied central Mexico, centered in Tenochtitlán, empire
Inca
Located in South America (Andes mountains), huge empire
Taíno
Indigenous people in Caribbean
Tupinamba
Indigenous group living on coast of Brazil
Nuremberg chronicles
Documents history of man, maps inhabited world
Aztec calendar stone
Calendar divided into several ages that describes history and future
Quipu
Inca method of documenting information, ropes with knots
Vertical archipelago
Refers to life in Andes mountains, different elevations treated as “islands”
Mit’a labor
Labor tax levied by inca for specific state projects
Treaty of tordesillas
1494- moved pope’s line 1000 leagues west, confirming Portugal’s right to territory in Africa and route to India
Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala
Native Andean educated by missionaries that became interpreter for Spanish and Quechua speakers
What were the most important characteristics of 15th century Iberian society?
Social, economic, legal inequalities
Conquest mentality
Catholic Church dominates
Concerned w/women’s sexual purity
What roles did the Catholic Church play in 15th century Iberian society?
Influences crown
Education
Moral/ethical authority
Religious authority
What were the most important characteristics of 15th century west Africa and west central Africa?
Slave trade and wealth from it
Military power
Changing religious practices
What types of interactions characterized relations between Iberians and west Africans in 15th century?
Business interactions
Enslavement
Diplomatic missions
Which modern country in the Americas was the destination for the most enslaved Africans?
Brazil
What texts did Europeans see as sources of authority for understanding the world outside their communities? How did that shape their perceptions?
Nuremberg chronicles
Margarita
These types of documents started with creation and went they human history, focus on Europeans with racist descriptions of other people, creates idea of the other as non human
What sources of evidence do historians have for pre-contact history in America’s?
Tech like roads, stone artifacts, pottery, clothing
What is material culture? Give example from class to illustrate how it can be used to understand power dynamics
Items we buy influence our shared rituals and identity (and vice versa)
Tortillas- corn easy to grow but grinding it into tortillas (done by women) takes a long time and is hard labor, men don’t do it so women lose time but gives them power over food production
What key regional differences do you see in new world peoples and cultures before 1492?
Andean societies have to deal with mountains while mesoamericana moreso deal with desert land and dry conditions
These differences lead to differences in agricultural
What K’iche’ Maya community are depicted in popol vuh?
Continuing legacy
Learning from history
Importance of family/community
Importance of nature
What were the most important characteristics of 15th century Mexica culture?
Complex organization and training of military
Use of history to legitimize power
Religion
Warfare as economic/political tool
In what ways was mesoamerican life shaped by local environment?
Determined what they could grow, determined labor division, informed building materials, determined if society was sedentary or semi sedentary
In what ways was Incan life shaped by local environment?
Mountains created system where people brought food up, used llama and alpaca for clothes to stay warm, terrace farming
How did regional geography shape pattens of life in pre-1492 Brazil and Caribbean?
Led to combined hunting and farming, cassava big source of calories,
What characterized indigenous Caribbean peoples in 1500? What kinds of evidence are available to better understand their histories?
Looser political organization, several diff linguistic groups,, defense based on ranged attacks and ambush
Material remains like pottery remain, animal bones, ornaments and beads, cooking vessels
What forms of tech did in a use in consolidating their empire?
Roads, mail system/couriers, quipus
What tech did inca and Maya societies use to record their histories?
Quipus, maize, pebbles, written documents
What is a quipu and what insights do modern historians think they give into Inca history?
Knotted cords
Give us insights into record keeping, economics, labor organization,
