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Logic > Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of logic

A

the science of right thinking and art of reason

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2
Q

who was called the father of logic

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

who layed the groundwork for modern symbolic logic

A

Chrysippus

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4
Q

give the name of one philosopher who made advances in symbolic logic

A

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

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5
Q

who pioneered the theories about induction that we study today

A

John Gottfried Leibniz

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6
Q

Give the names of three people whose names are associated with modern kinds of mathematical logic

A

Gottlob Frege, AlfredNorth and Bertrand Russell

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7
Q

what are the two main branches of logic

A

formal and material

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8
Q

explain formal logic (the first branch) and describe it

A

formal logic leads us from one truth to another

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9
Q

explain material logic (the second branch) and describe it

A

material logic looks at how valid an argument is and uses truth as a secondary source

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10
Q

true or false? the purpose of formal logic is to discover truth

A

false

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11
Q

true or false? it is necessary to have logic in order to discover truth

A

false

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12
Q

true or false? logic leads us from one truth to another

A

true

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13
Q

true or false? a statement can be true or false

A

true

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14
Q

true or false? a statement can be valid or invalid

A

false

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15
Q

true or false? an argument can be true or false

A

false

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16
Q

true or false? an argument can be valid or invalid

A

true

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17
Q

true or false? truth is only of secondary consideration in formal logic

A

false

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18
Q

define truth

A

the correspondence of a statement to reality

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19
Q

what dose it mean to say an argument is valid

A

an argument is valid when its conclusion follows logically from its premises

20
Q

define soundness

A

the soundness term is used to indicate that all premises in an argument are true and that the argument is valid

21
Q

true or false? an argument can contain true premises and be invalid

A

true

22
Q

true or false? an argument can resound and contain false premises

A

false

23
Q

true or false?a sound argument must be sound

A

true

24
Q

true or false? a valid argument must be sound

A

true

25
Q

true or false? an argument with true premises can be unsound

A

true

26
Q

true or false? an argument can contain only one premise

A

false

27
Q

Premise or conclusion? All men are mortal

A

Premise

28
Q

Premise or conclusion? Socrates is a man

A

Premise

29
Q

Premise or conclusion? Therefore, Socrates is mortal

A

Conclusion

30
Q

each of these logical processes or mental acts originates in a _______ and manifests in the form of a ______

A

Simple apprehension & Term

31
Q

what’s is the mental act involved in the first of the three kinds of logical processes

A

simple apprehension

32
Q

what is the verbal expression connected to the mental act of simple apprehension

A

term

33
Q

what occurs in our minds when we have a simple apprehension

A

we recognize something

34
Q

if you think of a book and have the concept in your mind you are having a simple apprehension. what is the term you would use to venally express this particular simple apprehension

A

book

35
Q

name the terms included in the fallowing argument. All men are mortal
Socrates is a man
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

A

Men, mortal and Socrates

36
Q

what do terms represent

A

a concept that we have transformed into a word

37
Q

what is the mental act involved in the second of the three kinds of logical processes

A

Judgment

38
Q

what is the verbal expression connected to the mental act of judgment

A

proposition

39
Q

what occurs in our minds when we perform judgment

A

when we think something is not something else

40
Q

if you think a book is boring. what is the term you use to verbal express judgment

A

boring

41
Q

indicate the propositions in this argument.All men are mortal
Socrates is a man
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

A

“All men are mortal”, “Socrates is a man” and “socrates is mortal.”

42
Q

what do propositions represent

A

a thought in our mind a thought that something is something else

43
Q

what is the mental act involved in the third kind of logical process

A

Deductive inference

44
Q

what is the verbal expression of deductive inference

A

Syllogism

45
Q

what occurs in out minds when we engage in deductive inference

A

the way we connect terms to a conclusion and decide if it follows the premises or not

Logic (2 decks)

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