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Clinical Chemistry 1 LAB > QUIZ 01: Glossary > Flashcards

QUIZ 01: Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

closeness to the true value

A

Accuracy

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2
Q

a substance that can yield a hydrogen ion or hydronium ion when dissolved in water

A

Acid

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3
Q

energy required to raise all molecules in 1 mole of a compound at a certain temperature to the transition state at the peak of the energy barrier

A

Activation Energy

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4
Q

a substance that converts an inactive substance to an active one.

A

Activator

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5
Q

formed in vivo from breakdown of amino acids

A

Ammonia

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6
Q

lower limit of detection of a given analytic.

A

Analytic Sensitivity

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7
Q

negatively charged ions

A

Anions

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8
Q

a glycoprotein secreted by plasma cells, which in turn are under the control of many lymphocytes and their cytokines. Also known as immunoglobulins

A

Antibody

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9
Q

agent that is recognized as foreign by the immune system.

A

Antigen

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10
Q

blood from the arteries

A

Arterial Blood

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11
Q

substance that inhibits blood clotting action

A

Anticoagulant

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12
Q

a substance that can yield hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water

A

Base

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13
Q

standardization or the determination of the accuracy of an instrument

A

Calibration

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14
Q

polyhydroxyl aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones, or multimeric units of compounds with a general formula (CH2O)n

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

positively charged ions.

A

Cations

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16
Q

an organic enzyme activator

A

Coenzyme

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17
Q

a nonprotein molecule that may be necessary for enzyme activity

A

Cofactor

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18
Q

proportion of individuals with a disease who test positively with a test

A

Diagnostic sensitivity

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19
Q

proportion of individuals without a condition who have a negative test for that condition

A

Diagnostic specificity

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20
Q

ions capable of carrying an electric charge

A

Electrolytes

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21
Q

migration of charged solutes or particles in an electric field

A

Electrophoresis

22
Q

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

A

ELISA

23
Q

specific biologically synthesized proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the equilibrium point of the reaction or being consumed or undergoing changes in composition

A

Enzyme

24
Q

patients with the condition who are classified by the test as not having the condition

A

False Negatives

25
Q

patients without the condition who are classified by the test as having the condition

A

False Positive

26
Q

from in which carbohydrates are stored

A

Glycogen

27
Q

marking in an instrument to show proportionate divisions of a measurement

A

Graduation

28
Q

largest division of normal HbA in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. This is formed by the reaction of the beta chain of HbA with glucose

A

Hemoglobin A1c

29
Q

damage to erythrocyte membrane, causing release of cellular contituents into the blood plasma or serum

A

Hemolysis

30
Q

yellow pigmentation in the skin or sclera as a result of excess bilirubin concentration in the blood

A

Icterus

31
Q

different forms of an enzyme that may originate from genetic or nongenetic causes and may be differentiated from each other based on certain physical properties

A

Isoenzymes

32
Q

the presence of an abnormally high concentration of trglycerides in the circulating blood

A

Lipemia

33
Q

average; arithmetic mean

A

Mean

34
Q

a procedure for withdrawing blood from the body

A

Phlebotomy

35
Q

liquid portion of blood that contains clotting factors

A

Plasma

36
Q

any substance that causes a harmful effect upon exposure

A

Poison

37
Q

the closeness of repeated results quantitatively expressed as standard deviation or coefficient of variation

A

Precision

38
Q

a system or process that encompasses preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic factors

A

Quality Assurance

39
Q

a component of quality assurance for recognizing and minimizing analytic errors

A

Quality Control

40
Q

a type of analytic error that affects precision

A

Random error

41
Q

the proportion of patients with a given disease or condition in which a test intended to identify that disease or condition yields positive results

A

Sensitivity

42
Q

liquid portion of the blood without clotting factors

A

Serum

43
Q

a sudden change in data and the mean

A

Shift

44
Q

the ability of an analytic method to quantitate one analyte in the presence of other in a mixture such a serum

A

Specificity

45
Q

a machine that measures light absorbed or transmitted by a solution

A

Spectrohotometer

46
Q

a substance or solution in which the concentration is known

A

Standard

47
Q

a type of analytic error that arises from factors that contribute a constant difference, either positive or negative,and directly affects the estimate of the mean

A

Systematic Error

48
Q

a gradual change in date and the mean

A

Trend

49
Q

patients with the condition who are classified by the test to have the condition

A

True Positives

50
Q

patients without the condition who are classified by the test as not having the condition

A

True Negatives

51
Q

complete blood, containing the liquid portion (plasma) and the cellular elements

A

Whole Blood

Clinical Chemistry 1 LAB (1 decks)

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