Quickfire Flashcards
What test is done in hypoglycaemia to look for a non insulin/SU endocrine cause?
Cortisol level to look for Addisons disease
What score is used to assess hypo awareness?
GOLD score
POAG - drugs, their action and SE
Prostaglandin analogues - latanoprost - increase outflow - eye redness, change in iris colour, growth of eye lashes
Beta blocker - timolol - reduce production - bradycardia, hypotension
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - acetazolamide - decrease production - hypokalaemia, increased urination, burning sensation
Cholinergic agonist - pilocarpine - increased outflow - pain, miosis, blurred vision
Treatment for severe eczema, severe psoriasis
Eczema - phototherapy, Abx, ciclosporin
Psoriasis - narrow band UVB, methotrexate, cyclosporin
Only MND drug
Riluzole
Score to predict whether unstable angina will become STEMI
GRACE score
How to treat recurrent PE
IVC filter
CREST - scleroderma
Calcinosis Raynauds Esophageal dysfunction Sclerodactylyl Telengectasia
Causes of dilated pupil
Amphetamines, cocaine, 3rd nerve palsy, brain herniation, epilepsy, stroke
Causes of constricted pupil
Opioid overdose, horners syndrome, brainstem haemorrhage
Cause of 3rd nerve palsy
Aneurysm, DM, pituitary apoplexy, tumour, stroke
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
MFEVER Myoglobin Fever Enzyme - creatinine kinase Vitals Encephalopathy Rigidity
Cool, dantrolene, resuscitate, treat AKI, stop drug
Lifestyle factors for HTN
Low salt diet, reduce caffeine, exercise, smoking, diet, alcohol
What tests to do if suspect type 1 diabetes
HbA1c Random blood glucose Ketone Urinalysis - glucose C-Peptide (low), Auto-antibodies (+ve)
Signs of rheumatoid hands
Ulnar drift
Boutonnieres deformity
Swann necking
Signs of osteoarthritis hands
Heberdens nodes
Bouchard nodes
squaring of the thumb
Blow to the lateral ankle - what kind of fracture
Potts fracture - fracture of the medial malleolus then fracture of either lateral malleolus of distal fibula
Truelove and witts UC severity
Increased bowel movements Fever Gross blood in stools Low Hb Raised HR >100 Raised ESR
Components of capacity
Understand
Retain
Weigh up
Communicate
ECG changes in hyperkalaemia
Small p wave prolonged PR interval Prolonged QT interval Tented T wave AV dissociation
In late stage - sine wave pattern, asystole
What pathway is PT (INR) and APTT
Impact of anticoagulants and anti-platelets
PT - extrinsic
APTT - intrinsic
Anticoagulants increase both and increase bleeding time
Anti-platelets increase bleeding time but not APTT, PT
Gout vs pseudo gout crystals
Gout – needle negative birefringent crystals
Pseudogout – rhomboid positively birefringent crystals
Bloods in a confusion screen
FBC, U+E, LFT, CRP, TFT, Bone profile, B12/Folate, glucose, Coag
Bloods for anaemia screen
FBC, U+E, TFT, B12/folate, Ferritin, Serum iron, Total iron-binding capacity
Bloods for sepsis screen
FBC, U+E, CRP, lactate and blood cultures
Then do sample/ culture of where think infection is
Bloods for hypo/hypercalcaemia screen
U+E, LFT, Vit D, Bone profile, PTH, Ionised calcium
Bloods for hyponatraemia screen
U+E, TFT, cortisol, serum + urine osmolality, urine NA/K
Cause of isolated raised ALP
Bone mets, renal osteodystrophy, recent fracture, Vit D deficiency
Causes of low albumin
Nephrotic syndrome, acute phase reaction, liver failure (cirrhosis)
Pneumocystis pneumonia treatment
Co-trimoxazole
love you ed <3
Area most likely to bleed in epistaxis
Littles area
What antiemetics to use when
Gastric stasis, gastroparesis - metoclopramide
Post surgery - ondansetron, dexamethasone
Travel sickness, raised ICP - cyclizine
Palliative, drug induced - haloperidol or levomepromazine
DI test and management
Fluid deprivation test, treat with desmopressin, NSAID and thiazide
Dyspepsia red flags
Weight loss, dysphagia, melaena, haematemesis, IDA
Diabetes total daily dose calculation
0.2 units/kg
OD regime - long acting analogue e.g. Lantus, Tresiba, Levemir
BD 0.1 unit/kg (Novomix)
Bolus dose 1unit for every 10g of carb
How does reactive arthritis present, main cause and treatment
Cant see (uveitis), cant pee (urethritis/balanitis), cant bend knee
Chlamydia can cause reactive arthritis (Reiters syndrome), also campylobacter
Do aspiration - High WBC, no growth on culture
Give Abx, NSAID 1st line, can give steroid injections
Thiamine - what vitamin
Vitamin B1
DSM-V for delirium
Inattention, acute change, evidence of cause, cognitive deficit
Causes of acanthosis nigricans
GI cancer and Addisons disease
Hep B serology
Surface antigen/ antibody - active infection or vaccinated
Core antibody - IgM +ve = acute infection, IgG = chronic, if surface antigen negative, IgG +ve = past infection
E antigen - level of infectivity (if E antibody +ve, antigen -ve means are in less infective phase
Hep B DNA - viral load
Abx for gastroenteritis if bacterial
Ciprofloxacin
Drug causes of erythroderma
sulphonamides, allopurinol, carbamazepine
What is angina and when is it unstable
Chest pain on exertion, relieved by rest or nitrates
Unstable if new, getting worse or occurring at rest
When HbA1c cannot be used
Haemoglobinopathies e.g. sickle cell, G6PD, haemolytic anaemia, splenectomy
What to give for TCA overdose
IV bicarbonate
