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OSCE > Quickfire > Flashcards

Quickfire Flashcards

1
Q

What test is done in hypoglycaemia to look for a non insulin/SU endocrine cause?

A

Cortisol level to look for Addisons disease

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2
Q

What score is used to assess hypo awareness?

A

GOLD score

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3
Q

POAG - drugs, their action and SE

A

Prostaglandin analogues - latanoprost - increase outflow - eye redness, change in iris colour, growth of eye lashes

Beta blocker - timolol - reduce production - bradycardia, hypotension

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - acetazolamide - decrease production - hypokalaemia, increased urination, burning sensation

Cholinergic agonist - pilocarpine - increased outflow - pain, miosis, blurred vision

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4
Q

Treatment for severe eczema, severe psoriasis

A

Eczema - phototherapy, Abx, ciclosporin

Psoriasis - narrow band UVB, methotrexate, cyclosporin

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5
Q

Only MND drug

A

Riluzole

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6
Q

Score to predict whether unstable angina will become STEMI

A

GRACE score

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7
Q

How to treat recurrent PE

A

IVC filter

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8
Q

CREST - scleroderma

A 
Calcinosis
Raynauds
Esophageal dysfunction
Sclerodactylyl
Telengectasia
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9
Q

Causes of dilated pupil

A

Amphetamines, cocaine, 3rd nerve palsy, brain herniation, epilepsy, stroke

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10
Q

Causes of constricted pupil

A

Opioid overdose, horners syndrome, brainstem haemorrhage

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11
Q

Cause of 3rd nerve palsy

A

Aneurysm, DM, pituitary apoplexy, tumour, stroke

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12
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A 
MFEVER
Myoglobin 
Fever
Enzyme - creatinine kinase 
Vitals 
Encephalopathy 
Rigidity

Cool, dantrolene, resuscitate, treat AKI, stop drug

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13
Q

Lifestyle factors for HTN

A

Low salt diet, reduce caffeine, exercise, smoking, diet, alcohol

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14
Q

What tests to do if suspect type 1 diabetes

A 
HbA1c
Random blood glucose
Ketone
Urinalysis - glucose 
C-Peptide (low), Auto-antibodies (+ve)
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15
Q

Signs of rheumatoid hands

A

Ulnar drift
Boutonnieres deformity
Swann necking

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16
Q

Signs of osteoarthritis hands

A

Heberdens nodes
Bouchard nodes
squaring of the thumb

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17
Q

Blow to the lateral ankle - what kind of fracture

A

Potts fracture - fracture of the medial malleolus then fracture of either lateral malleolus of distal fibula

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18
Q

Truelove and witts UC severity

A 
Increased bowel movements
Fever
Gross blood in stools
Low Hb
Raised HR >100
Raised ESR
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19
Q

Components of capacity

A

Understand
Retain
Weigh up
Communicate

20
Q

ECG changes in hyperkalaemia

A 
Small p wave
prolonged PR interval
Prolonged QT interval 
Tented T wave 
AV dissociation

In late stage - sine wave pattern, asystole

21
Q

What pathway is PT (INR) and APTT

Impact of anticoagulants and anti-platelets

A

PT - extrinsic
APTT - intrinsic

Anticoagulants increase both and increase bleeding time
Anti-platelets increase bleeding time but not APTT, PT

22
Q

Gout vs pseudo gout crystals

A

Gout – needle negative birefringent crystals

Pseudogout – rhomboid positively birefringent crystals

23
Q

Bloods in a confusion screen

A

FBC, U+E, LFT, CRP, TFT, Bone profile, B12/Folate, glucose, Coag

24
Q

Bloods for anaemia screen

A

FBC, U+E, TFT, B12/folate, Ferritin, Serum iron, Total iron-binding capacity

25
Q

Bloods for sepsis screen

A

FBC, U+E, CRP, lactate and blood cultures

Then do sample/ culture of where think infection is

26
Q

Bloods for hypo/hypercalcaemia screen

A

U+E, LFT, Vit D, Bone profile, PTH, Ionised calcium

27
Q

Bloods for hyponatraemia screen

A

U+E, TFT, cortisol, serum + urine osmolality, urine NA/K

28
Q

Cause of isolated raised ALP

A

Bone mets, renal osteodystrophy, recent fracture, Vit D deficiency

29
Q

Causes of low albumin

A

Nephrotic syndrome, acute phase reaction, liver failure (cirrhosis)

30
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia treatment

A

Co-trimoxazole

love you ed <3

31
Q

Area most likely to bleed in epistaxis

A

Littles area

32
Q

What antiemetics to use when

A

Gastric stasis, gastroparesis - metoclopramide
Post surgery - ondansetron, dexamethasone
Travel sickness, raised ICP - cyclizine
Palliative, drug induced - haloperidol or levomepromazine

33
Q

DI test and management

A

Fluid deprivation test, treat with desmopressin, NSAID and thiazide

34
Q

Dyspepsia red flags

A

Weight loss, dysphagia, melaena, haematemesis, IDA

35
Q

Diabetes total daily dose calculation

A

0.2 units/kg

OD regime - long acting analogue e.g. Lantus, Tresiba, Levemir

BD 0.1 unit/kg (Novomix)

Bolus dose 1unit for every 10g of carb

36
Q

How does reactive arthritis present, main cause and treatment

A

Cant see (uveitis), cant pee (urethritis/balanitis), cant bend knee

Chlamydia can cause reactive arthritis (Reiters syndrome), also campylobacter

Do aspiration - High WBC, no growth on culture

Give Abx, NSAID 1st line, can give steroid injections

37
Q

Thiamine - what vitamin

A

Vitamin B1

38
Q

DSM-V for delirium

A

Inattention, acute change, evidence of cause, cognitive deficit

39
Q

Causes of acanthosis nigricans

A

GI cancer and Addisons disease

40
Q

Hep B serology

A

Surface antigen/ antibody - active infection or vaccinated
Core antibody - IgM +ve = acute infection, IgG = chronic, if surface antigen negative, IgG +ve = past infection
E antigen - level of infectivity (if E antibody +ve, antigen -ve means are in less infective phase
Hep B DNA - viral load

41
Q

Abx for gastroenteritis if bacterial

A

Ciprofloxacin

42
Q

Drug causes of erythroderma

A

sulphonamides, allopurinol, carbamazepine

43
Q

What is angina and when is it unstable

A

Chest pain on exertion, relieved by rest or nitrates

Unstable if new, getting worse or occurring at rest

44
Q

When HbA1c cannot be used

A

Haemoglobinopathies e.g. sickle cell, G6PD, haemolytic anaemia, splenectomy

45
Q

What to give for TCA overdose

A

IV bicarbonate

OSCE (4 decks)

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