Quick W&CC recap & stats

Question 1

What does increasing CO2 levels do?

Answer 1

Temps rise which causes sea level rise

Question 2

How do people increase CO2 levels?

Answer 2

Using and burning fossil fuels

Question 3

Examples of people using FF?

Answer 3

Transportation in daily life

Question 4

How much % was the gas emissions in 2021 with using transportation?

Answer 4

28%

Question 5

What is a example of burning fossil fuels?

Answer 5

Coal and oil use in sectors

Question 6

What does burning FF do to oceans?

Answer 6

Ocean acidification

Question 7

What does ocean acidification do to coral reefs?

Answer 7

They become more brittle and less resilient

Question 8

How much CO2 is released and diffused by chemical change?

Answer 8

30%

Question 9

What does it create when co2 is released and diffused in oceans?

Answer 9

Creates carbonic acid and makes oceans less alkaline

Question 10

What does deforestation do to the carbon cycle? Example?

Answer 10

Vegetation getting removed reduces carbon storage - AMAZON

Question 11

What does forests getting cleared for agriculture and land use lead to?

Answer 11

A rapid flow of carbon from biosphere to atmosphere

Question 12

What does cattle ranching do to the carbon cycle?

Answer 12

Animals release co2 and use land

Question 13

What is permafrost?

Answer 13

Permanently or temporarily frozen ground / soil in the Arctic.

Question 14

What happens to permafrost in the summer?

Answer 14

The surface layer will melt and the ice below will remain

Question 15

How much Carbon is trapped in permafrost?

Answer 15

16726 TC

Question 16

What loop is the permafrost melting?

Answer 16

Positive feedback

Question 17

What 3 effects does carbon cycle change have on oceans?

Answer 17

Coral Bleaching & Warming oceans
Sea Level Rise

Question 18

How much has global sea surface temperatures increased by per decade?

Answer 18

1.3 Celsius

Question 19

What does the 1.3c temp increase affect in oceans? Why?

Answer 19

Ranges of fish and corals - they will have to migrate to other areas or die

Question 20

What do corals contain? What does it do?

Answer 20

Symbiotic algae - produces nutrients which benefits the coral

Question 21

What happens if water gets too warm for the algae?

Answer 21

Algae will leave usually killing the coral

Question 22

What does white coral mean?

Answer 22

Nearly dead or unhealthy

Question 23

What is the estimation for sea level rise per year currently?

Answer 23

3.6mm

Question 24

What will be the sea level rise by 2100 be?

Answer 24

0.5m to 1m

Question 25

What does sea level rise effect?

Answer 25

Coastal areas flood Habitats destroyed Cities flooded Infrastructure damaged

Question 26

What has there been a decline in the deep North Atlantic?

Answer 26

A decline in salinity

Question 27

What could the decline in salinity caused by?

Answer 27

Higher rainfall or melting of ice from Greenland ice sheet

Question 28

What did the decline lead to?

Answer 28

Slowdown in the Gulfstream

Question 29

How much sea ice has been estimated to be lost?

Answer 29

40%

Question 30

What does the lost sea ice mean?

Answer 30

More dark coloured sea water exposed and reflects less of the sun’s energy

Question 31

What does the positive feedback effect cause?

Answer 31

Albebo effect

Question 32

What do most predictions suggest about flood risk?

Answer 32

That it will worsen over the 21st century

Question 33

What does every 1C of local temperature change increase ?

Answer 33

Increases rainfall by 15%

Question 34

What will happen to winters and summers?

Answer 34

Wetter weather in winter Drier summers

Question 35

How much wetter was it in 2011-2020 compared to 1961-1990?

Answer 35

9%

Question 36

What happens if emissions continue to increase?

Answer 36

Flood risk gets worse

Question 37

What happens if emissions stabilise?Flood risk

Answer 37

Flood risk stays the same or worsens

Question 38

What happens if emissions reduce?

Answer 38

Flood risk decreases

Question 39

What does geology do to river discharge?

Answer 39

Some rocks store water ( porous and permeable) e.g sandstone

Question 40

What does ground saturation do to river discharge?

Answer 40

If pore space is full, water will flow across the surface ( overland flow)

Question 41

What does urbanisation do to river discharge?

Answer 41

Impermeable concrete/tarmac causes water to flow faster to the river. Storm drains carry water

Question 42

What does river obstacles do to river discharge?

Answer 42

Bridge piers and dams - channel straightening

Question 43

What does land use do to river discharge?

Answer 43

All land uses have an impact e.g deforestation causes additional water to flow into rivers

Question 44

What does interception do to river discharge?

Answer 44

decreases runoff speed

Question 45

What does soil type do to river discharge?

Answer 45

The permeability of soil varies with type which affects flow

Question 46

What does gradient do to river discharge?

Answer 46

Steeper slopes cause a faster flow and water will flow faster

Question 47

List 4 other factors that control river flow

Answer 47

- Precipitation - Temperature - Drainage density- Size and shape of drainage basin

Question 48

Where is the Eden Basin?

Answer 48

North West England

Question 49

Where does the Eden Basin flow through and where does it exit ?

Answer 49

Flows through Cumbria and exits through the Solway Firth

Question 50

Is the Eden Basin rural or urban?

Answer 50

Largely rural - however flows through city of Carlisle

Question 51

Why is the Eden Basin important to 3 rivers?

Answer 51

Confluence to Eden, Catlew, Petteril

Question 52

Why is the Eden Basin hilly?

Answer 52

Around Lake District and NW Pennines so steep slopes - rapid downfall runoff

Question 53

What is the geology of the Eden Basin?

Answer 53

Most of it is underlain by sandstone & limestone but LD is igneous and metamorphic rocks

Question 54

What kind of rainfall does the Eden Basin suffer of?

Answer 54

Orographic Rainfall

Question 55

What does orographic rainfall mean?

Answer 55

Higher than average annual rainfall as relief of area encourages it

Question 56

What does orographic rainfall do to water?

Answer 56

High runoff

Question 57

What does urbanisation do to the Eden Basin?

Answer 57

Increased run off due to no. of new developments commonly built of floodplains

Question 58

How much of the area is farmland cattle between 2000 & 2009? What does this do?

Answer 58

30% - risk of soil compaction

Question 59

What does grazing do?

Answer 59

Reduces hill vegetation which causes higher run off

Question 60

How much of Cumbria was deforested?

Answer 60

17%

Question 61

What did Cumbria do to stop flooding that was ineffective?

Answer 61

Plant tree

Question 62

What does climate change do?

Answer 62

Increased winter rainfall

Question 63

What was a significant event that happened in the Eden Basin?

Answer 63

Floods - 75% in Carlisle 2700 properties flooded2 fatalitiesCosted over £400 million

Question 64

What does the Eden Have?

Answer 64

Over 60km of river defences

Question 65

What transfers carbon stored in the atmospheres to biomass?

Answer 65

Photosynthesis

Question 66

How does chemical weathering transfer carbon from the atmosphere to hydrosphere and biosphere?

Answer 66

Carbon reacts with water to form acid rain

Question 67

What is carbon sequestration?

Answer 67

a slow carbon flow that takes millions of years for carbon to be sequestered in sedimentary rocks

Question 68

How much carbon is found in sedimentary rocks?

Answer 68

99.9%

Question 69

How much carbon is in the ocean?

Answer 69

0.04%

Question 70

How much carbon is in the atmosphere?

Answer 70

0.001%

Question 71

Is the carbon cycle a closed or open system?

Answer 71

Closed