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Quick reminders Flashcards

1
Q

DI causes

A

hypernatremia

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2
Q

SIADH causes

A

hyponatremia

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3
Q

Hypernatremia is caused by

A

DI, hypovolemia, Li

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4
Q

Hyponatremia is caused by

A

SIADH, polydipsia, CKD, burns

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5
Q

Hypoventilation causes respiratory ____

A

acidosis

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6
Q

Hyperventilation causes respiratory ____

A

alkalosis

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7
Q

stress incontinence

A

with increase abdominal pressure, weakness in pelvic floor

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8
Q

urge incontinence

A

sudden, due to detrusor overactivity, treat with muscarinic antagonist (oxybuytinin), estrogen

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9
Q

overflow incontinence

A

neurogenic, diabetic, detrusor underactivity, treat with cholinergic, a-blockers

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10
Q

empiric meningitis in newborn

A

amp and gent

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11
Q

empiric endometritis

A

amp and gent

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12
Q

empiric pneumonia in newborn

A

amp and gent

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13
Q

empiric pneumonia in adult

A

azithro, doxy

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14
Q

empiric otitis media

A

amoxicillin

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15
Q

antibodies SLE

A

ANA
dsDNA
Smith

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16
Q

Anti CCP

A

RA

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17
Q

Anti U1RNP

A

mixed connective tissue

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18
Q

anticentromere

A

CREST

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19
Q

Anti Jo1

A

polymyositis dermatomyositis

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20
Q

Anti Scl 70

A

sclerosis

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21
Q

Anti SMA

A

autoimmune hepatitis

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22
Q

Behcet syn

A

men with vasculitis, oral ulcers, uveitis, genital ulcers

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23
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

in women with proximal muscle stiffness, high ESR, associated with temporal arteritis

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24
Q

subdural hematoma

A

crescent shape, concave

Bridging vein

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25
Q

epidural hematoma

A

lucid interval, lens shape, biconvex

Middle meningeal artery

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26
Q

shock with increased CO

A

septic

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27
Q

shock with increased PCWP

A

obstructive (tamponade) and cardiogenic

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28
Q

hypovolemic shock CO, PCWP and PVR

A

low CO, low PCWP and low PVR

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29
Q

cardiogenic CO, PCWP and PVR

A

low CO, high PCWP and high PVR

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30
Q

distributive CO, PCWP and PVR

A

high CO, low PCWP and low PVR

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31
Q

equalization of pressures

A

pericardial constriction or tamponade

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32
Q

pulseless electrical activity tx

A

CPR, epi

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33
Q

V fib tx

A

CPR, d-fib

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34
Q

SVTs tx

A

synchronized cardiovert, vagal, adenosine

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35
Q

fib or flutter tx

A

diltiazem or synchronized cardiovert

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36
Q

organophosphate ingestion

A

anti-cholinergic - drool, wet, sweat, brady, HoTN

tx- atropine, pralidoxime

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37
Q

antimuscarinic poisoning

A

like atropine, mydriasis, decreased secretions, urinary retention, hyperthermia, tachy
tx - physostigmine

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38
Q

acute dystonia tx

A

diphenhydramine and benztropine

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39
Q

infective end prophylaxis

A

amoxicillin

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40
Q

fixed S2

A

ASD

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41
Q

paradoxical split S2

A

AS

42
Q

drugs that reduce mortality in CHF

A

ACEi, ARBs, spirono

43
Q

stop torsades with ____

A

MgSO4

44
Q

radiate to carotids, diminished upstrokes, syncope

A

AS

45
Q

diuretic that causes increased Ca

A

thiazide

46
Q

diuretic that causes hearing loss

A

furosemide

47
Q

pheo is tumor of the adrenal ____

A

medulla

48
Q

rule of thumb for CAH

A

if starts with 1 - increase DOC

if ends with 1 - increase androgens

49
Q

Paget disease electrolytes

A

norm lCa, PO4, PTH, with high high Alk Phos

50
Q

thalassemia trick

A

MCV/RBC < 13 = thalassemia

51
Q

PT tests the ___ path

A

extrinsic, factor 7

52
Q

PTT tests the _____ path

A

intrinsic factors 8, 9

53
Q

AFP tumor marker

A

HCC, yolk sac, germ cell

54
Q

CA19-9 tumor marker

A

pancreatic cancer

55
Q

TRAP tumor marker

A

hairy cell leukemia

56
Q

Normal AFP, high CA19-9 and high CEA

A

cholangiocarcinoma

57
Q

itching and alcohol reaction pain

A

Hodgkins lymphoma, bimodal, EBV, CD15 CD30

58
Q

small intestine bacterial overgrowth

A

diarrhea, +carb breath test, tx with rifamixin

59
Q

SAAG > 1.1

A

portal HTN - budd-chiari, cirrhosis, venous thrombosis

increase hydrostatic

60
Q

SAAG < 1.1

A

ascites, TB, carcinomatosis

61
Q

Hep B is associated with

A

polyarteritis nodosa

62
Q

Hep C is associated with

A

cryoglobulinemia

63
Q

infant male with hematuria, hearing loss and retinopathy

A

Alport - collagen mutation

64
Q

envelope stones

A

calcium oxalate

65
Q

rhomboid or needle stones

A

uric acid

66
Q

coffin lid stones

A

struvite

67
Q

prism stones

A

CaPO4 tx thiazides

68
Q

hexagon stones

A

cystine - hereditary, acidic pH

69
Q

empiric pyeloneph tx

A

cipro, amox-clav

70
Q

empiric pregnant UTI

A

amox-clav, cefopodoxime, ceftriaxone

71
Q

too rapid correction of hyponatremia

A

central pontine myelinolysis

72
Q

too rapid correction of hypernatremia

A

cereal edema

73
Q

worst sign in asthmatic

A

when PCO2 goes up and pH drops

74
Q

E. coli sepsis in neonate

A

galactosemia

75
Q

otitis externa tx

A

ciproflox

76
Q

pharyngitis empiric

A

penicillin, cephalexin,clindamycin

77
Q

peritonsillar abscess cause and tx

A

strep progenies, clindamycin

78
Q

jaundice in neonate with high direct bili

A

biliary atresia

79
Q

arthritis, splenomegaly, neutropenia (infections)

A

felty syn

80
Q

cohort starts with _____ ends with _____

A

risk factor

ends with disease

81
Q

case control starts with _____ ends with ____

A

disease

ends with risk factor

82
Q

NNT =

A

1/ risk in control - risk in exposed

83
Q

RR =

A

A/A+B / C/C+D

84
Q

OR =

A

AD/BC

85
Q

specific test rules disease __

A

in

SPIN

86
Q

sensitive test rules disease ____

A

out

SNOUT

87
Q

PAS stain

A

Whipple disease of intestine

88
Q

Quad screen for trisomy 21

A

Low AFP, low estriol

High hcg, high inhibin A

89
Q

Quad screen trisomy 18

A

Low AFP, low estriol, low hcg

normal inhibin A

90
Q

Quad screen open neural tube defect

A

High AFP

91
Q

Gastroschisis

A

Has no membrane covering
Normal AFP
No chromosomal association

92
Q

Bone tumor in teenage boys

Localized swelling, tenderness, onion-skinning, moth eaten, blue cells, periosteal elevation

A

Ewing sarcoma

93
Q

Punched out lesions, multiple fractures, bone pain

A

multiple myeloma

94
Q

bone pain at night that is responsive to NSAIDs

A

osteoid osteoma

95
Q

Codmans triangle, sunburst appearance, young children

A

Osteosarcoma

96
Q

Soap bubble appearance of bone

A

giant cell tumor of bone

97
Q

Catching or clicking of knee during flexion and extension

A

medical meniscus tear

dx with MRI

98
Q

pain at medial joint line of knee

A

MCL

99
Q

nerve injured in anterior shoulder dislocation and presentation

A

axillary n

arm abduction, deltoid sensation

100
Q

frozen shoulder / adhesive capsulitis

A

stiffness but not very much passive pain

tx with exercise

101
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

weakness of abduction and external rotation

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