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Integumentary Exam 4 > Quick Questions > Flashcards

Quick Questions Flashcards

1
Q

a deep fungal infection that is a zoonosis

A

sporotrichosis

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2
Q

grows best in nitrogen-rich soil associated with bats ad birds dropping

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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3
Q

Ocular lesions occur in nearly 50% of dogs infected with …

A

Blastomycosis

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4
Q

__________________ are a good empirical treatment choice for mycobacterial panniculitis while waiting for culture results

A

Fluoroquinolones

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5
Q

___________ infection occurs from trauma and contamination of penetrating wounds
- Awns/quills

A

Actinomyces

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6
Q

Skin cytology showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate composed of neutrophils macrophages, and lymphocytes.

A

Sterile or infectious panniculitis
- inflammation of the subcutaneous fat
- cytology showed a mixed population of inflammatory cells, making neoplasia unlikely

we can not rule out infectious diseases based just on the clinical signs and cytology results

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7
Q

(T/F) It is unlikely to have multiple, diffuse nodules caused by FB

A

True

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8
Q

What would be a starting medication (effective & rapid onset of action) for Sterile Nodular Panniculitis?

A

Prednisone

prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine and mycophenolate may be effective treatments for sterile nodular panniculitis, but prednisone is the only one with a rapid onset of action

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9
Q

Pitt Bull terrier with multiple small ‘blood blisters’ located on the dog’s inguinal region/flank fold. She spends a lot of time lying out in the sun, sunbathing.

A

Dermal/ cutaneous Hemangiosarcoma
- dogs commonly associated with UV exposure

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10
Q

(T/F) A complete surgical excision should be curative, however additional lesions may develop in the same region in the future in a patient with dermal hemangiosarcoma

A

True

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11
Q

A cat presents with an erosive lesion of the epidermis over the bridge of the nasal planum. The owner recently moved to Ohio from California. The cat lives predominantly outdoors:

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

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12
Q
  • Actinic Keratosis = SCC in situ which arises 2 to UV light exposure
    risk of metastasis low
A

Histopathology to differentiate between SCC in situ and SCC

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13
Q

List the treatments for cats with nasal planum SCC in situ:

A
  • Surgery
  • Strontium-90 physiotherapy
  • Cryosurgery
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14
Q

What is the most appropriate treatment for a dog with epitheliotropic T Cell Lymphoma?

A

CCNU (Lomustine) chemotherapy
- Cephalexin in addition to improve/resolve skin lesions
- this is a palliative medication for secondary skin infections

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15
Q

(T/F) Boxers most commonly develop low grade mast cell tumors, so surgical excision with a wide surgical margin may be curative

A

True

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16
Q

Horses:
(T/F) Sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma account for >75% of equine cutaneous neoplasms

A

True
- all malignant

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17
Q

Cattle:
What is the most common cause of papillomas(squamous epithelium) in cattle?

A

Viral Infection w/ Bovine papillomavirus
- insect transmission
- infected equipment
- trauma
- <2 years

spontaneous (non-viral induced) papillomas are less common, and typically singular

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18
Q

Cattle:
(T/F) Papillomas are benign and self-limiting

A

True
- the animal’s immune response typically develops immunity to the virus, leading to regression of the tumors

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19
Q

Cattle:
What is an uncommon malignant neoplasm composed of squamous epithelium?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
- Chronic sunlight exposure and UV-light damage
- Older animals
- typically appears as an ulcerated mass that progressively enlarges
- marked local invasiveness with a fairly high rate of recurrence
- Metastasis is uncommon, but may occur in more advanced disease

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20
Q

Horse:
List the 4 tumor types that account for >80% of equine skins tumors in multiple studies:

A
  • Papilloma
  • SCC (locally invasive with late metastasis)
  • Sarcoid (DO NOT METASTASIZE)
  • Melanoma
21
Q

Horses:
What is the most common cause of papillomas in horses?

A

Equine papillomavirus
- Viral infection induces proliferation of the epidermis leading to papillomas
- young horses and immunity develops in older animals

22
Q

(T/F) Papillomas of the medial pinnae (also called equine aural papillomatosis) tend to persist, unlike papillomas elsewhere

A

True

23
Q

Horse:
What papillomavirus is implicated as a cause in the genital SCC of horses?

A

Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2)

24
Q

What is the most common cutaneous neoplasm of horses and has a heterogeneous clinical appearance and complex pathogenesis?

A

Equine sarcoid
- malignant neoplasm fibroblast
- is associated w/ infection with Bovine papillomavirus but the infection is also non-productive, no viral proteins are present
- Young horses (<4 years), can occur at any age
- diagnosis is by biopsy
- malignant neoplasms that are locally invasive and have a high rate of recurrence with incomplete excision
- Treatments: surgical excision w/ adjunct therapy -> cisplatin beads, 5-fluorouracil, and a novel autologous vaccine

25
Q

Horse:
melanoma is a fairly common malignant neoplasm of ___________

A

melanocytes

26
Q

Horse:
What is a spontaneous neoplasm with NO known cause?

A

Equine melanoma
- older horses that have a high incidence in older grey-coated horses, such as Arabians and Percherons
- occurs most commonly in the perineal skin, peri vulvar skin, underneath the tail, prepuce, pinna, and periocular regions. Interestingly, the parotid gland is also a predisposed site
- lesion location and black appearance is highly diagnostic, although cytology and/or biopsy may also be used for diagnosis
- fairly SLOW clinical progression
- eventually METASTASIZE(variable)
- tends to involve regional lymph nodes and internal viscera (lungs, liver, spleen)

27
Q

Horse:
What presents as a mass-like skin nodule ranging from millimeters to several centimeters in size?

A

Equine eosinophilic nodular dermatitis
- non-neoplastic cutaneous masses of horses
- cytology or biopsy reveals abundant eosinophils +/- necrosis
- varied distribution
- regions affected include the withers/dorsum, axilla, and trunk

28
Q

Horse:
What can cause similar lesions Equine eosinophilic nodular dermatitis?

A

Nematodes such as Habronema sp.
- lesions tend to occur in regions frequented by flying insects, such as the prepuce, feet, periocular and perioral skin
- seasonal manner
- nematodes may be apparent in these lesions, histologically

29
Q
  • Equine melanoma (melanocytes)
  • Bovine SCC
  • Equine SCC (squamous epithelium)
  • Equine sarcoid (fibroblasts)
    These are …
A

Malignant

30
Q
  • Bovine papilloma
    This is …
A

Benign

31
Q

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in cattle is most commonly associated with:

A

UV-exposure

32
Q

Cattle:
(T/F) Papillomas are benign tumors and will regress following a host virus-directed immune response

A

True

33
Q

Flies:
Feed dorsally when cool and ventrally on sunny days

A

Haematobia irritans

34
Q

Flies:
Live in damp environments such as woods, marshes, beaches, wet meadows, streams

A

Chrysops

35
Q

Flies:
Enjoys warm sunny days with no wind; attracted to dark color and movement

A

Tabanus

36
Q

Flies:
Thorax is large and humped, resembles a buffalo

A

Simulium

37
Q

Flies:
Causes urticaria on the victim after feeding. Provide common name

A

Mosquitos

38
Q

Flies:
Feeds on horse’s neck, lower legs, and underbelly

A

Stomoxys calcitrans

39
Q

Flies:
Feed only on liquid from facial secretion and wounds

A

Musca domestica

40
Q

(T/F) A differential for a horse with suspected dermatophilosis would be dermatophytosis

A

True

41
Q

A horse with this skin disease may present with weight loss, fever, lethargy, and depression.

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

42
Q
  • Dermatophytosis
  • Dermatophilosis
  • Pemphigus foliaceus
  • Cannon keratosis
  • Bacterial folliculitis
A
  • Arthrospore
  • Parallel rows
  • acantholytic cells
  • corneocytes
  • cocci
43
Q

List the 3 main things for dermatophytosis:

A
  • Provide adequate nutrition and sunlight
  • Isolate all infected horses
  • Treat all in-contact horses
44
Q

Term:
It is a common bacterial disease seen in horses that have been exposed to wet weather and either a contaminated enviroment that contains crusts or another carrier horse infected with dermatophilosis

A

Dermatophilosis

45
Q

What clinical signs are associated with erysipelas in pigs?

A
  • Fever
  • Death
  • Enlarged joints and lameness
  • Rhomboid skin lesions (diamond skin)
46
Q

List treatments for dermatophytosis in cattle:

A
  • No treatment, self-limiting especially outdoors when exposed to sunlight
  • Sodium iodine
  • chlorine bleach diluted
47
Q

What time of the year does lice infestation most commonly occur in livestock?

A

Winter

48
Q

What is the top differential for a barn full of draft horses that have distal limb pruritus during the winter?

A

Chorioptic mange

49
Q

List the dermatophyte species common in horses:

A
  • Trichophyton equinum
  • Microsporum equinum
  • Trichophyton mentagrophytes
  • Trichophyton verrucosum

Integumentary Exam 4 (2 decks)

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