Quick Questions Flashcards by Kianelys Heredia

a deep fungal infection that is a zoonosis

sporotrichosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

grows best in nitrogen-rich soil associated with bats ad birds dropping

Histoplasma capsulatum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ocular lesions occur in nearly 50% of dogs infected with …

Blastomycosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__________________ are a good empirical treatment choice for mycobacterial panniculitis while waiting for culture results

Fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___________ infection occurs from trauma and contamination of penetrating wounds
- Awns/quills

Actinomyces

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Skin cytology showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate composed of neutrophils macrophages, and lymphocytes.

Sterile or infectious panniculitis
- inflammation of the subcutaneous fat
- cytology showed a mixed population of inflammatory cells, making neoplasia unlikely

we can not rule out infectious diseases based just on the clinical signs and cytology results

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(T/F) It is unlikely to have multiple, diffuse nodules caused by FB

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What would be a starting medication (effective & rapid onset of action) for Sterile Nodular Panniculitis?

Prednisone

prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine and mycophenolate may be effective treatments for sterile nodular panniculitis, but prednisone is the only one with a rapid onset of action

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pitt Bull terrier with multiple small ‘blood blisters’ located on the dog’s inguinal region/flank fold. She spends a lot of time lying out in the sun, sunbathing.

Dermal/ cutaneous Hemangiosarcoma
- dogs commonly associated with UV exposure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(T/F) A complete surgical excision should be curative, however additional lesions may develop in the same region in the future in a patient with dermal hemangiosarcoma

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A cat presents with an erosive lesion of the epidermis over the bridge of the nasal planum. The owner recently moved to Ohio from California. The cat lives predominantly outdoors:

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Actinic Keratosis = SCC in situ which arises 2 to UV light exposure
risk of metastasis low

Histopathology to differentiate between SCC in situ and SCC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the treatments for cats with nasal planum SCC in situ:

Surgery
Strontium-90 physiotherapy
Cryosurgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most appropriate treatment for a dog with epitheliotropic T Cell Lymphoma?

CCNU (Lomustine) chemotherapy
- Cephalexin in addition to improve/resolve skin lesions
- this is a palliative medication for secondary skin infections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(T/F) Boxers most commonly develop low grade mast cell tumors, so surgical excision with a wide surgical margin may be curative

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Horses:
(T/F) Sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma account for >75% of equine cutaneous neoplasms

True
- all malignant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cattle:
What is the most common cause of papillomas(squamous epithelium) in cattle?

Viral Infection w/ Bovine papillomavirus
- insect transmission
- infected equipment
- trauma
- <2 years

spontaneous (non-viral induced) papillomas are less common, and typically singular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cattle:
(T/F) Papillomas are benign and self-limiting

True
- the animal’s immune response typically develops immunity to the virus, leading to regression of the tumors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cattle:
What is an uncommon malignant neoplasm composed of squamous epithelium?

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
- Chronic sunlight exposure and UV-light damage
- Older animals
- typically appears as an ulcerated mass that progressively enlarges
- marked local invasiveness with a fairly high rate of recurrence
- Metastasis is uncommon, but may occur in more advanced disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Horse:
List the 4 tumor types that account for >80% of equine skins tumors in multiple studies:

Papilloma
SCC (locally invasive with late metastasis)
Sarcoid (DO NOT METASTASIZE)
Melanoma

Horses:
What is the most common cause of papillomas in horses?

Equine papillomavirus
- Viral infection induces proliferation of the epidermis leading to papillomas
- young horses and immunity develops in older animals

(T/F) Papillomas of the medial pinnae (also called equine aural papillomatosis) tend to persist, unlike papillomas elsewhere

True

Horse:
What papillomavirus is implicated as a cause in the genital SCC of horses?

Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2)

What is the most common cutaneous neoplasm of horses and has a heterogeneous clinical appearance and complex pathogenesis?

Equine sarcoid
- malignant neoplasm fibroblast
- is associated w/ infection with Bovine papillomavirus but the infection is also non-productive, no viral proteins are present
- Young horses (<4 years), can occur at any age
- diagnosis is by biopsy
- malignant neoplasms that are locally invasive and have a high rate of recurrence with incomplete excision
- Treatments: surgical excision w/ adjunct therapy -> cisplatin beads, 5-fluorouracil, and a novel autologous vaccine

Horse: melanoma is a fairly common malignant neoplasm of ___________

melanocytes

Horse: What is a *spontaneous neoplasm* with NO known cause?

Equine melanoma - older horses that have a high incidence in older grey-coated horses, such as Arabians and Percherons - occurs most commonly in the perineal skin, peri vulvar skin, underneath the tail, prepuce, pinna, and periocular regions. Interestingly, the *parotid gland* is also a predisposed site - lesion location and black appearance is highly diagnostic, although cytology and/or biopsy may also be used for diagnosis - *fairly SLOW* clinical progression - eventually *METASTASIZE*(variable) - tends to involve regional lymph nodes and internal viscera (lungs, liver, spleen)

Horse: What presents as a *mass-like skin nodule ranging from millimeters to several centimeters in size*?

Equine eosinophilic nodular dermatitis - non-neoplastic cutaneous masses of horses - cytology or biopsy reveals abundant eosinophils +/- necrosis - varied distribution - regions affected include the withers/dorsum, axilla, and trunk

Horse: What can cause *similar lesions* Equine eosinophilic nodular dermatitis?

Nematodes such as *Habronema sp.* - lesions tend to occur in regions frequented by flying insects, such as the prepuce, feet, periocular and perioral skin - *seasonal manner* - nematodes may be apparent in these lesions, histologically

- Equine melanoma (melanocytes) - Bovine SCC - Equine SCC (squamous epithelium) - Equine sarcoid (fibroblasts) These are ...

Malignant

- Bovine papilloma This is ...

Benign

Cutaneous *squamous cell carcinoma in cattle* is most commonly associated with:

UV-exposure

Cattle: (T/F) Papillomas are benign tumors and will regress following a host *virus-directed immune response*

True

Flies: Feed dorsally when cool and ventrally on sunny days

Haematobia irritans

Flies: Live in damp environments such as woods, marshes, beaches, wet meadows, streams

Chrysops

Flies: Enjoys warm sunny days with no wind; attracted to dark color and movement

Tabanus

Flies: Thorax is large and humped, resembles a buffalo

Simulium

Flies: Causes urticaria on the victim after feeding. Provide common name

Mosquitos

Flies: Feeds on horse's neck, lower legs, and underbelly

Stomoxys calcitrans

Flies: Feed only on liquid from facial secretion and wounds

Musca domestica

(T/F) A differential for a horse with suspected dermatophilosis would be dermatophytosis

True

A horse with this skin disease may present with weight loss, fever, lethargy, and depression.

Pemphigus foliaceus

- Dermatophytosis - Dermatophilosis - Pemphigus foliaceus - Cannon keratosis - Bacterial folliculitis

- Arthrospore - Parallel rows - acantholytic cells - corneocytes - cocci

List the 3 main things for dermatophytosis:

- Provide adequate nutrition and sunlight - Isolate all infected horses - Treat all in-contact horses

Term: It is a common bacterial disease seen in horses that have been exposed to wet weather and either a contaminated enviroment that contains crusts or another carrier horse infected with dermatophilosis

Dermatophilosis

What clinical signs are associated with *erysipelas* in pigs?

- Fever - Death - Enlarged joints and lameness - Rhomboid skin lesions (diamond skin)

List treatments for dermatophytosis in cattle:

- No treatment, self-limiting especially outdoors when exposed to sunlight - Sodium iodine - chlorine bleach diluted

What time of the year does lice infestation most commonly occur in livestock?

Winter

What is the *top* differential for a barn full of draft horses that have distal limb pruritus during the *winter*?

Chorioptic mange

List the *dermatophyte species* common in horses:

- Trichophyton equinum - Microsporum equinum - Trichophyton mentagrophytes - Trichophyton verrucosum