Quick Facts Flashcards
What is the primary symptom of GERD?
Heartburn (pyrosis)
What test confirms GERD?
Barium swallow fluoroscopy
What malfunction allows reflux in GERD?
Lower esophageal sphincter
Patient teaching for GERD?
low-fat, high protein diet
Antacids
Avoid laying flat after meals
What is the virus that causes AIDS?
HIV- human immunodeficiency virus
How is HIV transmitted?
Sexual intercourse
Direct contact with infected blood/body fluids
HIV mother gives to birth to baby
What are symptoms of HIV?
Fever Weight loss Nigh sweats Diarrhea Fatigue
How is the presence of HIV confirmed?
Screening is done FIRST to see if HIV antibodies are present The test is performed to specifically identify the HIV antibodies
What is the screening test for HIV?
ELISA
What confirms the screening test of HIV?
Western Blot
How does HIV attack the body?
It attacks the immune system by destroying T-lymphocytes and rapidly self-replicates.
What is so important about T-lymphocytes in HIV?
T cells help immune system recognize and fight pathogens
What is another name for T-lymphocytes?
CD4 cells
Why is the CD4 count important?
lower CD4 count, more damage HIV virus has done to the body
What is a normal CD4 count? How about for a HIV patient?
700-1000
Anything at or above 500, anything below 500, HIV has progressed to AIDS.
If a patient’s CD4 count is below 200, what is the patient at risk for?
Opportunistic infections
What are some opportunistic infections for HIV?
Oral pharyngeal canididal infection (mouth) Kaposi's sarcoma (skin cancer) Pneumocystis pneumonia Cytomegalovirus (blindness) Meningitis
What is the goal of HIV medications?
to interfere with the virus replicating
The most important medication for HIV is
Zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)
Which isolation precautions are used with HIV?
Universal precautions
Patients do not have to tell you if they have HIV
How do precautions change with AIDS?
if patient has a low CD4 count and is at risk for opportunistic infection, implement a private room, reverse isolation.
RN wears gown, goggles, mask when in direct contact with blood or body fluids.
What are teaching points for parents who have a child with HIV?
Clean up body fluid/blood with 10:1 water/bleach ration
Get all immunizations except ones with live virus such as MMR, varicella, and oral poliovirus,
HIgh calories, high protein diet
Gloves when changing diapers
What is the definition of acute renal failure?
Sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins and regulate fluids/electrolytes
What are some possible causes of ARF?
infection
obstruction
shock
3 phases of ARF
Oliguric,
Diuretic
Recovery
During the oliguric phase of ARF, what will you see?
Lasts 1-2 weeks Low urine output <400 Hyperkalemia HTN elevated BUN/creatinine ratio Fluid overload
What other 2 electrolytes will be elevated for ARF?
Sodium & Potassium
During the diuretic phase of ARF, what will you see?
Urine output slowly returns,
Hypokalemia
Hypotension
decreased BUN/creatine ration but still elevated
What does the recovery phase of ARF mean?
The kidneys are recovering through a slow process. Urine output increases and BUN is normal
