Quick Facts

Question 1

What is the primary symptom of GERD?

Answer 1

Heartburn (pyrosis)

Question 2

What test confirms GERD?

Answer 2

Barium swallow fluoroscopy

Question 3

What malfunction allows reflux in GERD?

Answer 3

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 4

Patient teaching for GERD?

Answer 4

low-fat, high protein diet
Antacids
Avoid laying flat after meals

Question 5

What is the virus that causes AIDS?

Answer 5

HIV- human immunodeficiency virus

Question 6

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 6

Sexual intercourse
Direct contact with infected blood/body fluids
HIV mother gives to birth to baby

Question 7

What are symptoms of HIV?

Answer 7

Fever
Weight loss
Nigh sweats
Diarrhea
Fatigue

Question 8

How is the presence of HIV confirmed?

Answer 8

Screening is done FIRST to see if HIV antibodies are present The test is performed to specifically identify the HIV antibodies

Question 9

What is the screening test for HIV?

Answer 9

ELISA

Question 10

What confirms the screening test of HIV?

Answer 10

Western Blot

Question 11

How does HIV attack the body?

Answer 11

It attacks the immune system by destroying T-lymphocytes and rapidly self-replicates.

Question 12

What is so important about T-lymphocytes in HIV?

Answer 12

T cells help immune system recognize and fight pathogens

Question 13

What is another name for T-lymphocytes?

Answer 13

CD4 cells

Question 14

Why is the CD4 count important?

Answer 14

lower CD4 count, more damage HIV virus has done to the body

Question 15

What is a normal CD4 count? How about for a HIV patient?

Answer 15

700-1000

Anything at or above 500, anything below 500, HIV has progressed to AIDS.

Question 16

If a patient’s CD4 count is below 200, what is the patient at risk for?

Answer 16

Opportunistic infections

Question 17

What are some opportunistic infections for HIV?

Answer 17

Oral pharyngeal canididal infection (mouth)
Kaposi's sarcoma (skin cancer)
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Cytomegalovirus (blindness)
Meningitis

Question 18

What is the goal of HIV medications?

Answer 18

to interfere with the virus replicating

Question 19

The most important medication for HIV is

Answer 19

Zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)

Question 20

Which isolation precautions are used with HIV?

Answer 20

Universal precautions

Patients do not have to tell you if they have HIV

Question 21

How do precautions change with AIDS?

Answer 21

if patient has a low CD4 count and is at risk for opportunistic infection, implement a private room, reverse isolation.
RN wears gown, goggles, mask when in direct contact with blood or body fluids.

Question 22

What are teaching points for parents who have a child with HIV?

Answer 22

Clean up body fluid/blood with 10:1 water/bleach ration
Get all immunizations except ones with live virus such as MMR, varicella, and oral poliovirus,
HIgh calories, high protein diet
Gloves when changing diapers

Question 23

What is the definition of acute renal failure?

Answer 23

Sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins and regulate fluids/electrolytes

Question 24

What are some possible causes of ARF?

Answer 24

infection
obstruction
shock

Question 25

3 phases of ARF

Answer 25

Oliguric,
Diuretic
Recovery

Question 26

During the oliguric phase of ARF, what will you see?

Answer 26

Lasts 1-2 weeks
Low urine output <400
Hyperkalemia
HTN
elevated BUN/creatinine ratio
Fluid overload

Question 27

What other 2 electrolytes will be elevated for ARF?

Answer 27

Sodium & Potassium

Question 28

During the diuretic phase of ARF, what will you see?

Answer 28

Urine output slowly returns,
Hypokalemia
Hypotension
decreased BUN/creatine ration but still elevated

Question 29

What does the recovery phase of ARF mean?

Answer 29

The kidneys are recovering through a slow process. Urine output increases and BUN is normal