Quick Facts

Question 0

Anti-Ri antibody

Answer 0

Breast and small cell lung ca in adults, neuroblastoma in children

Opsoclonus-myoclonus, retinal degeneration

Question 1

Anti Hu antibody

Answer 1

Small cel lung ca

Encephalomyelitis, sensory neuropathy

Question 2

Anti-Ta antibody

Answer 2

Brain and testicular tumors

Limbic and brainstem encephalitis

Question 3

Anti-Tr antibody

Answer 3

Hodgkin’s disease

Subacute cerebellar disorder with dysarthria and nystagmus (against purkinje cells)

Question 4

Anti-VGCC antibody

Answer 4

Lambert-eaton syndrome, associated with oat cell/small cell lung ca

Neuromuscular disorder, ab against presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels

Question 5

Anti-Yo antibody

Answer 5

Ovarian, uterine, breast cancer

Cerebellar disorder, brainstem encephalitis

Question 6

Glutamic acid decarboxylase

Answer 6

Stiff man syndrome, involuntary muscle spasms and rigidity

Question 7

Anti-Ma antibody

Answer 7

Testicular or lung ca

Limbic encephalitis, b/l hyper intense lesions on T2 in medial temporal cingulate and insula, memory impairment And AMS

Path- peri vascular mononuclear infiltrates, no viral inclusions

Question 8

West syndrome

Answer 8

Infantile spasms, repeated flexion or extension spasms of head, trunk and limbs 10-30sec, 4-8mo

Eeg: hypsarrhythmia

Tx: corticotropin (acth), prednisone, vigabatrin, ketogenic diet

Question 9

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Answer 9

Myoclonic jerks usually in morning, normal IQ, 12-16yo, autosomal dominant

Eeg: 4-6hz spike waves and poly spike discharges

Tx: valproate

Question 10

Petit mak seizure

Answer 10

Absence sz, blank staring spells

Eeg: 3hz spike wave discharges

Tx: ethosuximide, valproate

Question 11

Lennox-gestaut

Answer 11

MR, uncontrolled seizures in 80%, 2-6yo, associated with encephalopathy and malformations, proceeded by infantile spasms

Tx: valproate, lamotrigine, topamax

Question 12

Ia sensory fibers

Answer 12

alpha-type A

Annulospiral endings of muscle spindles

Largest (17um) and fastest (120m/s)

Question 13

Type Ib sensory fibers

Answer 13

Alpha-type A

Golgi tendon organs

16um diameter

Question 14

Type II sensory fibers

Answer 14

Beta and gamma type A

Flower spray endings of muscle spindles and cutaneous tactile receptors

8um diameter

Question 15

Type III sensory fibers

Answer 15

Delta type A

Temperature, crude touch, and pricking pain

3um diameter

Question 16

Type IV sensory fibers

Answer 16

Type C

U myelinated fibers relaying pain, itch, temperature, and crude touch

0.5-2um diameter

Question 17

Skeletal muscle motor fibers

Answer 17

Alpha type A

Myelinated, fastest motor fibers

Question 18

Muscle spindle motor fibers

Answer 18

Gamma type A

Myelinated

Question 19

Sympathetic motor nerve fibers

Answer 19

Type C

unmyelinated, slowest

Question 20

Meissner corpuscles

Answer 20

Touch, vibration (80cycles per sec), also some spatial resolution but not as good as merkel
Small receptor fields, signal transmitted via large myelinated beta-type A fibers
Rapidly adapting, superficial in no hair skin, esp soles of feet and palms
Allow people to distinguish between two pointed structures placed together on skin
Consist of stack of flattened Schwann cells

Question 21

Merkel disks

Answer 21

Touch and pressure, spatial pattern (sharpest of all sensory endings in skin)
Small receptive fields, slowly adapting
Group together to fill a single Iggo dome receptor, which is innervated by single beta type A fiber
Superficial in dermal papillae of hairy and no hair skin, at center of papillary ridge

Question 22

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 22

Vibration (high freq stim- 30-800 cycles per sec)
Superficial and deep, rapidly adapting
Beta type A fibers
Largest sensory receptor

Question 23

Ruffini end organs

Answer 23

Heavy touch and pressure
Slow adaptive, large receptive fields
Deep layers (sub q and joint capsules)

Question 24

Hair end organs

Answer 24

Touch
Rapid adapting
Base of hair follicles

Question 25

Free nerve endings

Answer 25

Touch- delta type A fibers 5-30m/s
Tickle/itch - C fibers 62m/s, unmyelinated
Pain- C fibers