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AWS Questions > Quick Facts > Flashcards

Quick Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Amazon S3

A

All Amazon S3 buckets have encryption configured by default
Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-S3) is the default encryption configuration
S3 Object Lock uses “Write Once Read Many” (WORM) model
S3 Object Lock help prevent accidental or inappropriate deletion of data
Stores data across multiple Availability Zones by default
S3 CRR, you can replicate data between distant AWS Regions
Use S3 Inventory to audit and report for business, compliance, and regulatory needs
Enable Amazon S3 server access logging to provide detailed records of the bucket requests
S3 Storage Lens is a cloud-storage analytics feature
Trusted Advisor gives Amazon S3 “open access permissions”

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2
Q

Amazon AppFlow

A

Securely exchange data between software as a service (SaaS) applications, such as Salesforce, and AWS services, such as Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) and Amazon Redshift

AWS we encrypt your data at rest and in transit
Integrates with AWS PrivateLink to provide private data transfer

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3
Q

Amazon Athena

A

You can run queries in Amazon Athena on encrypted data in Amazon S3 in the same Region and across a limited number of Regions

User can encrypt the results of all queries in Amazon S3 or AWS Glue Data Catalog

Amazon Athena uses Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption for data in-transit between Athena and Amazon S3

Monitor Athena usage with CloudTrail and Amazon QuickSight

AWS Lake Formation allows you to define and enforce database, table, and column-level access policies when using Athena queries to read data stored in Amazon S3

AWS Lake Formation helps you centrally govern, secure, and globally share data for analytics and machine learning

Amazon Athena makes it easy to interactively run data analytics and exploration using Apache Spark

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4
Q

AWS Data Exchange

A

AWS Data Exchange is a service that helps AWS easily share and manage data entitlements from other organizations at scale

As a data receiver, you can track and manage all of your data grants and AWS Marketplace data subscriptions in one place

For data senders, it eliminates the need to build and maintain any data delivery and entitlement infrastructure

AWS Data Exchange always encrypts all data products stored in the service at rest without requiring any additional configuration. This encryption is automatic when you use AWS Data Exchange

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5
Q

AWS Data Pipeline

A

Automate the movement and transformation of data

Define data-driven workflows

For ege. , you can use AWS Data Pipeline to archive your web server’s logs to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) each day and then run a weekly Amazon EMR (Amazon EMR) cluster over those logs to generate traffic reports

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6
Q

Amazon EMR

A

Its a managed cluster platform that simplifies running big data frameworks, such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark

It has Cluster that consists of EC2 instances. Each EC instance is called a node and there are three types of nodes - Primary, Core and Task

Regional Service

It can run on Outposts or Local Zones

Amazon EC2 security groups act as a virtual firewall for Amazon EMR cluster instances, limiting inbound and outbound network traffic.

Amazon EMR block public access (BPA) prevents you from launching a cluster in a public subnet

Secure Shell (SSH) helps provide a secure way for users to connect to the command line on cluster instances

You can use Amazon EMR security configurations to configure data encryption

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7
Q

Amazon Glue

A

Helps you to discover, prepare, move, and integrate data from multiple sources

You can manage your data in a centralized data catalog

You can immediately search and query cataloged data using Amazon Athena, Amazon EMR, and Amazon Redshift Spectrum

AWS Glue Data Brew – A visual data preparation tool that you can use to clean and normalize data without writing any code

Athena, Redshift Spectrum, EMR use AWS Glue Data Catalog

AWS Glue Streaming is more focused on high-level ETL processing, while Kinesis Data Streams provides a lower-level streaming platform

AWS Glue provides statistics about the health of your environment

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8
Q

Amazon Kinesis Data Streams

A

Used to collect and process large streams of data records in real time

A common use is the real-time aggregation of data followed by loading the aggregate data into a data warehouse or map-reduce cluster

The Kinesis Client Library enables fault-tolerant consumption of data from streams and provides scaling support for Kinesis Data Streams applications

Kinesis Client Library (KCL) provides metrics per shard, worker, and KCL application

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9
Q

Amazon RedShift

A

It has On-demand pricing for provisioned capacity by the hour

Amazon Redshift Serverless for as low as $3 per hour and pay only for the compute capacity your data warehouse consumes when it is active

Managed storage pricing - You pay for data stored in managed storage at a fixed GB-month rate for your region

Amazon Redshift Spectrum allows you to directly run SQL queries against exabytes of data in Amazon S3

Amazon Redshift Spectrum pricing - You are charged for the number of bytes scanned by Redshift Spectrum, rounded up to the next megabyte

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10
Q

Amazon EventBridge

A

An event indicates a change in an environment. Events are represented as JSON objects and they all have a similar structure, and the same top-level fields

1) Amazon EC2 generates an event when the state of an instance changes from pending to running.
2) Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling generates events when it launches or terminates instances.
3) AWS CloudTrail publishes events when you make API calls.

You could create a pipe with a DynamoDB stream for a source, and an event bus as the target. The pipe receives events from the DynamoDB stream and sends them to the event bus, which then sends them on to multiple targets according to the rules you’ve specified on the event bus

EventBridge encrypts event metadata and message data that it stores. By default, EventBridge encrypts data using 256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-256) under an AWS owned key

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11
Q

Amazon MQ

A

A message broker allows software applications and components to communicate using various programming languages, operating systems, and formal messaging protocols

Amazon SQS and Amazon SNS are queue and topic services that are highly scalable, simple to use, and don’t require you to set up message brokers. Amazon MQ is a managed message broker service that provides compatibility with many popular message brokers.

We recommend Amazon MQ for migrating applications from existing message brokers. We recommend SQS and SNS these services for new applications.

When you create an Amazon MQ for ActiveMQ broker or an Amazon MQ for RabbitMQ broker, you can specify the AWS KMS key that you want Amazon MQ to use to encrypt your data at rest. If you do not specify a KMS key, Amazon MQ creates an AWS owned KMS key for you and uses it on your behalf

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12
Q

Amazon SNS

A

You can develop an application that publishes a message to an SNS topic whenever an order is placed for a product. Then, SQS queues that are subscribed to the SNS topic receive identical notifications for the new order. An Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) server instance attached to one of the SQS queues can handle the processing or fulfillment of the order

You can receive immediate notification when an event occurs, such as a specific change to your Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group, a new file uploaded to an Amazon S3 bucket, or a metric threshold breached in Amazon CloudWatch

You could send e-commerce order confirmations as user notifications to individuals or groups

You can use Amazon SNS to send update notifications to an app. The notification message can include a link to download and install the update

User has to enable encryption for data stored in SNS Topics

Message data protection safeguards the data that’s published to your Amazon SNS topics by using data protection policies to audit, mask, redact, or block the sensitive information that moves between applications or AWS services

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13
Q

Amazon SQS

A

SQS and SNS are NOT synchronous and does NOT have message brockers like MQ

Amazon SQS supports two types of queues – standard queues and FIFO queues

Standard Queue is needed if you have to send data between applications when the throughput is important

FIFO queue is needed if you have to send data between applications when the order of events is important

SSE protects the contents of messages in queues using SQS-managed encryption keys (SSE-SQS) or keys managed in the AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS)

Distributed queues is example of resilience

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14
Q

AWS Step Functions

A

Step Functions has two workflow types. Standard workflows have exactly-once workflow execution and can run for up to one year. This means that each step in a Standard workflow will execute exactly once. Express workflows, however, have at-least-once workflow execution and can run for up to five minutes

Standard workflows are ideal for long-running, auditable workflows, as they show execution history and visual debugging. Express workflows are ideal for high-event-rate workloads, such as streaming data processing and IoT data ingestion

The Amazon Simple Workflow Service (Amazon SWF) provides a way to build, run, and scale background jobs that have parallel or sequential steps

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15
Q

Amazon Chime

A

You can use Amazon Chime for online meetings, video conferencing, calls, and chat

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16
Q

Amazon Pinpoint

A

You can use Amazon Pinpoint to send push notifications, in-app notifications, emails, text messages, voice messages, and messages over custom channels.

Using the analytics that Amazon Pinpoint provides, you can gain insight into your user base by viewing trends related to user engagement, campaign outreach, revenue, and more

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17
Q

Amazon SES

A

Amazon Simple Email Service (SES) is an email platform that provides an easy, cost-effective way for you to send and receive email using your own email addresses and domains.

You can send marketing emails such as special offers, transactional emails such as order confirmations, and other types of correspondence such as newsletters

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18
Q

Amazon Savings Plan

A

Compute Savings Plans, EC2 Instance Savings Plans and SageMaker Savings Plans

With Compute Savings Plans, you can move a workload from C5 to M5, shift your usage from EU (Ireland) to EU (London), or migrate your application from Amazon EC2 to Amazon ECS using Fargate at any time.

With an EC2 Instance Savings Plan, you can change your instance size within the instance family (for example, from c5.xlarge to c5.2xlarge) or the operating system (for example, from Windows to Linux), or move from Dedicated tenancy to Default and continue to receive the discounted rate provided by your EC2 Instance Savings Plan

With SageMaker Savings Plans, you can move a workload from ml.c5 to ml.m5, shift your usage from Europe (Ireland) to Europe (London), or migrate your usage from Training to Inference at any time and continue to receive benefits

Savings plan recommendations can be found under AWS Cost Management console ->Savings Plans->Recommendations
OR
You can also receive your Savings Plans recommendations via the AWS Cost Explorer API

Automating Savings Plans with Amazon EventBridge

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19
Q

AWS App Runner

A

Provides a fast, simple, and cost-effective way to deploy from source code or a container image directly to a scalable and secure web application in the AWS Cloud.

AWS App Runner takes your source code or source image from a repository, and creates and maintains a running web service for you in the AWS Cloud

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20
Q

AWS Batch

A

AWS Batch CloudWatch Container Insights collects, aggregates, and summarizes metrics and logs from your AWS Batch compute environments and jobs. The metrics include CPU, memory, disk, and network utilization. You can add these metrics to CloudWatch dashboards.

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21
Q

EC2

A

Leverage security groups as the primary mechanism for controlling network access to Amazon EC2 instances. When necessary, use network ACLs sparingly to provide stateless, coarse-grain network control

Customers often use the Windows Firewall for further visibility into network traffic and to complement security group filters

Resilience is achieved by replicating your data or applications over greater geographic distances, use AWS Local Zones
AND/OR
Copying AMIs and EBS snapshots across Regions
AND/OR
Use Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling
AND/OR
Distributing incoming traffic across multiple instances in a single Availability Zone or multiple Availability Zones using Elastic Load Balancing

Amazon EC2 stores the public key on your instance, and you store the private key

Security group rules enable you to filter traffic based on protocols and port numbers, they are stateful, you can add and remove rules at any time and you can associate multiple security groups with an instance

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22
Q

Elastic Bean Stalk

A

You can also perform most deployment tasks, such as changing the size of your fleet of Amazon EC2 instances or monitoring your application, directly from the Elastic Beanstalk web interface (console)

EBS provides a managed updates feature. This feature automatically applies patch and minor updates for an Elastic Beanstalk supported platform version

The basic health reporting system provides information about the health of instances in an Elastic Beanstalk environment based on health checks performed by Elastic Load Balancing for load-balanced environments, or Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud for single-instance environments

Elastic Beanstalk also monitors the other resources in your environment and reports missing or incorrectly configured resources that can cause your environment to become unavailable to users

Additional Checks:
The environment’s Auto Scaling group is available and has a minimum of at least one instance.
The environment’s security group is available and is configured to allow incoming traffic on port 80
The environment CNAME exists and is pointing to the right load balancer.
In a worker environment, the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue is being polled at least once every three minutes

With basic health reporting, the Elastic Beanstalk service does not publish any metrics to Amazon CloudWatch

Elastic Beanstalk stores various objects in an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket that it creates for each AWS Region in which you create environments. Elastic Beanstalk doesn’t turn on default encryption for the Amazon S3 bucket that it creates

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23
Q

AWS Lambda

A

Lambda service runs your code inside an execution environment

Execution environments are run on hardware virtualized virtual machines (MicroVMs) which are dedicated to a single AWS account

The Lambda service stores your function code in an internal S3 bucket that’s private to your account

Lambda execution environments handle one request at a time. After the invocation has ended, the execution environment is retained for a period of time. If another request arrives, the environment is reused to handle the subsequent request

If requests arrive simultaneously, the Lambda service scales up the Lambda function to provide multiple execution environments

When not to use a Lambda function:
For functions that act as orchestrators. Better moving the orchestration flow to AWS Step Functions
Lambda functions that transport data from one service to another without performing any business logic

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24
Q

Amazon LightSail

A

AWS and Lightsail do not update or patch the operating system or applications on instances after you create them

Lightsail also does not update or patch the operating system and software that you configure on your Lightsail container services

Amazon Lightsail reports metric data for instances, databases, content delivery network (CDN) distributions, load balancers, container services, and buckets. You can view and monitor this data in the Lightsail console

Lightsail also offers Amazon Lightsail for Research

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25
Q

AWS Local Zones

A

There’s no additional charge for enabling Local Zones. You pay only for the resources that you deploy in your Local Zones. AWS resources in Local Zones have different prices than they do in parent AWS Regions

Local Zones have their own connections to the internet and support AWS Direct Connect

To use a Local Zone, you must first enable it. Next, you create a subnet in the Local Zone. Finally, you launch resources in the Local Zone subnet

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26
Q

Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR)

A

An Amazon ECR private registry is provided to each AWS account; you can create one or more repositories in your registry and store Docker images, Open Container Initiative (OCI) images, and OCI compatible artifacts in them

Image scanning helps in identifying software vulnerabilities in your container images

Cross-Region and cross-account replication

Amazon ECR stores images in Amazon S3 buckets

By default, Amazon ECR uses server-side encryption with Amazon S3-managed encryption keys

Use the CloudWatch console to visualize your service quotas

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27
Q

Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)

A

There are three layers in Amazon ECS:

Capacity - The infrastructure where your containers run
Controller - Deploy and manage your applications that run on the containers
Provisioning - The tools that you can use to interface with the scheduler to deploy and manage your applications and containers

Runtime Monitoring in GuardDuty is an intelligent threat detection service that protects workloads running on Fargate and EC2 container instances by continuously monitoring AWS log and networking activity to identify malicious or unauthorized behavior

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28
Q

AWS KMS

A

Create multi-Region keys, which act like copies of the same KMS key in different AWS Regions.

Each AWS KMS key that you create in AWS KMS costs $1/month (prorated hourly)

You are not charged for the following:
Creation and storage of AWS managed or AWS owned KMS keys
There is no charge for customer managed KMS keys that you manage and are scheduled for deletion

By default, AWS KMS generates and protects the cryptographic key material for KMS keys

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29
Q

AWS IQ

A

AWS IQ connects you to AWS Certified experts for hands-on help for your AWS projects. You create a request and choose from experts who respond

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30
Q

AWS Support Plans

A

All AWS customers automatically have 24x7 access to these features of Basic Support:

  1. One-on-one responses to account and billing questions
  2. Support forums
  3. Service health checks
  4. Documentation, technical papers, and best practice guides

Developer Support plan have access to these additional features:

  1. Best practice guidance
  2. Client-side diagnostic tools
  3. Building-block architecture support: guidance on how to use AWS products, features, and services together
  4. Supports an unlimited number of support cases that can be opened by one primary contact, which is the AWS account root user.

In addition, Business, Enterprise On-Ramp, or Enterprise Support plan have access to these features:

  1. Use-case guidance
  2. AWS Trusted Advisor
  3. The AWS Support API
  4. Third-party software support
  5. Supports an unlimited number of AWS (IAM) users

In addition, Enterprise On-Ramp or Enterprise Support plan have access to these features:

  1. Application architecture guidance
  2. Infrastructure event management
  3. Technical account manager
  4. White-glove case routing
  5. Management business reviews
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31
Q

AWS support plan response time

A

Developer:
General guidance: < 24 hours
System impaired: < 12 hours

Additional in Business:
Production system impaired: < 4 hours
Production system down: < 1 hour

Additional in Enterprise-onramp:
Business-critical system down: < 30 minutes

Additional in Enterprise:
Business/Mission-critical system down: < 15 minutes

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32
Q

Amazon Aurora

A

Compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL

Aurora stores copies of the data in a DB cluster across multiple Availability Zones in a single AWS Region

For high availability across multiple AWS Regions, you can set up Aurora global databases

An Aurora global database consists of one primary AWS Region where your data is written, and up to five read-only secondary AWS Regions

Aurora global databases currently don’t support Aurora Auto Scaling for secondary DB clusters

Amazon Aurora can encrypt your Amazon Aurora DB clusters. Data that is encrypted at rest includes the underlying storage for DB clusters, its automated backups, read replicas, and snapshots

You can’t turn off encryption on an encrypted DB cluster

Aurora backs up your cluster volume automatically and retains restore data for the length of the backup retention period

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33
Q

Amazon DoumentDB

A

Amazon DocumentDB supports two types of clusters: instance-based clusters and elastic clusters. Elastic clusters support workloads with millions of reads/writes per second and petabytes of storage capacity

Instance based:
Amazon DocumentDB automatically grows the size of your storage volume

Amazon DocumentDB lets you scale the compute and memory resources for each of your instances up or down

Amazon DocumentDB runs in Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)

Amazon DocumentDB continuously monitors the health of your cluster

On instance failure, Amazon DocumentDB automates failover to one of up to 15 Amazon DocumentDB replicas that you create in other Availability Zones. If no replicas have been provisioned and a failure occurs, Amazon DocumentDB tries to create a new Amazon DocumentDB instance automatically

backup capability allows you to restore your cluster to any second during your retention period, up to the last 5 minutes

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34
Q

Amazon MemoryDB

A

MemoryDB at-rest encryption is always enabled

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35
Q

Amazon Neptune

A

Fully managed graph database service that makes it easy to build and run applications that work with highly connected datasets

With Amazon Neptune, you don’t have to worry about database management tasks like hardware provisioning, software patching, setup, configuration, or backups.

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36
Q

Amazon QLDB

A

You can use Amazon QLDB to track all application data changes, and maintain a complete and verifiable history of changes over time

All data stored in Amazon QLDB is fully encrypted at rest by default

QLDB doesn’t provide a dedicated backup and related restore feature at this time

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37
Q

Amazon RDS

A

Database on EC2, customer is responsible for:
Application optimization, Scaling, High availability, Database backups, Database software patching, Database software install, OS patching, OS installation

Using Amazon RDS, customer is responsible for:
Application optimization

Db2, MariaDB, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL

Amazon RDS Custom is an RDS management type that gives you full access to your database and operating system

You can also subscribe to Amazon RDS events to be notified about changes to a DB instance, DB snapshot, or DB parameter group

Pricing = DB instance hours + Provisioned Storage + (I/O) requests (for Amazon RDS magnetic storage only) + Provisioned IOPS + Backup storage + Data transfer in and out of your DB instance from or to the internet and other AWS Regions

To copy an encrypted snapshot from one AWS Region to another, you must specify the KMS key in the destination AWS Region. This is because KMS keys are specific to the AWS Region that they are created in

38
Q

Amazon TimeStream

A

Use cases:
Monitoring metrics to improve the performance and availability of your applications.

Storage and analysis of industrial telemetry to streamline equipment management and maintenance.

Tracking user interaction with an application over time.

Storage and analysis of IoT sensor data.

39
Q

Amazon CloudShell

A

With the shell that’s created for AWS CloudShell sessions, you can switch seamlessly between your preferred command line shells. More specifically, you can switch between Bash, PowerShell, and Z shell

AWS CloudShell is an AWS service that’s available at no additional charge. However, you pay for other AWS resources that you run with AWS CloudShell. Moreover, standard data transfer rates also apply

40
Q

AWS CodeBuild

A

The CodeBuild console also provides a way to quickly search for your resources, such as repositories, build projects, deployment applications, and pipelines

41
Q

Amazon CodeCatalyst

A

CodeCatalyst provides one place where you can plan work, collaborate on code, and build, test, and deploy applications with continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) tools.

Its similar to AWS CodeStar

42
Q

AWS CodeCommit

A

Anyone with an AWS account can get started with AWS CodeCommit for free. Your account gets 5 active users per month for free (within limits), after which you pay $1.00 per additional active user per month. There are no upfront fees or commitments.

CodeCommit is not integrated with gitHUB

Things not to use for CodeCommit:

Large files that change frequently - Use S3
Audit trails - Use S3
Backups - AWS Backup and Restore
Large numbers of branches or references - We recommend using CodeCommit, but delete branches and tags that are no longer needed

43
Q

AWS CodeDeploy

A

CodeDeploy is able to deploy applications to three compute platforms:

EC2/On-Premises
AWS Lambda
Amazon ECS

Customer code is not stored in CodeDeploy

Service model data for deployments, deployment configuration, deployment groups, applications, and application revisions are stored in Amazon DynamoDB and encrypted at rest using an AWS owned key, owned and managed by CodeDeploy

44
Q

Amazon AppStream 2.0

A

A streaming instance (also known as a fleet instance) is an EC2 instance that is made available to a single user for application streaming. After the user’s session completes, the instance is terminated by EC2

45
Q

Amazon WorkSpaces

A

WorkSpaces uses your Simple AD, AD Connector, or AWS Managed Microsoft AD directory to authenticate users

46
Q

Amazon WorkSpaces Web

A

Designed to facilitate secure browser access to internal websites and software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications

47
Q

Amazon WorkSpaces Core

A

Managed virtual desktop infrastructure designed to work with third-party VDI solutions

48
Q

AWS Amplify

A

Enables frontend web and mobile developers to quickly and easily build full-stack applications on AWS

Amplify uses Amazon CloudFront to serve your app to your customers

49
Q

AWS AppSync

A

Enables developers to connect their applications and services to data and events with secure, serverless and high-performing GraphQL and Pub/Sub APIs

50
Q

AWS Security Credentials

A

You can’t use IAM policies to deny the root user access to resources explicitly. You can only use an AWS Organizations service control policy (SCP) to limit the permissions of the root user

If you lose your root user access keys, you must be able to sign in to your account as the root user to create new ones

Only Root User can:
1. Change account settings
2. Restore IAM user permissions.
3. Close account
4. Activate IAM access to the Billing and Cost Management console
5. Register as a seller
6. Configure an Amazon S3 bucket to enable MFA
7. Edit or delete an Amazon SQS resource policy that denies all principals
8. Edit or delete an Amazon S3 bucket policy that denies all principals
9. Sign up for AWS GovCloud (US)

Don’t create long-term access keys for human users who need access to applications or AWS services

Don’t store long-term access keys within an AWS compute service

Use IAM roles to generate temporary security credentials whenever possible

Don’t embed long-term access keys and secret access keys in your application code or in a code repository

AWS IAM Access Analyzer does the following:

  1. Identify resources that are shared with an external entity
  2. Identify unused access
  3. Validates IAM policies against AWS best practices
  4. Validate IAM policies against your specified security standards
  5. Generates IAM policies based on access activity in your AWS CloudTrail logs
51
Q

AWS Service Endpoints

A

Service General EndPoint supported by :
EC2, ASG, EMR
When you use a general endpoint, AWS routes the API request to US East (N. Virginia) (us-east-1), which is the default Region for API calls

52
Q

AWS Tagging

A

Each resource can have a maximum of 50 user created tags

For each resource, each tag key must be unique, and each tag key can have only one value

The tag value must be a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 256 Unicode characters in UTF-8

Allowed characters are letters, numbers, spaces representable in UTF-8, and the following characters: _ . : / = + - @

Tag keys and values are case sensitive

Tags for automation

Tags for access control

53
Q

AWS IoT Core

A

Use secure tunneling to establish bidirectional communication to remote devices over a secure connection that is managed by AWS IoT

Using FleetIndexing you can query a group of devices

AWS IoT Device Defender is a security service that allows you to audit the configuration of your devices, monitor connected devices to detect abnormal behavior, and mitigate security risks

Device Advisor is a cloud-based, fully managed test capability for validating IoT devices during device software development

54
Q

AWS IoT Greengrass

A

AWS IoT Greengrass is an open source Internet of Things (IoT) edge runtime and cloud service that helps you build, deploy and manage IoT applications on your devices

55
Q

Amazon Comprehend

A

Find the documents about a particular subject using Amazon Comprehend topic modeling. Scan a set of documents to determine the topics discussed, and to find the documents associated with each topic. You can specify the number of topics that Amazon Comprehend should return from the document set.

If your company publishes a catalog, let Amazon Comprehend tell you what customers think of your products

Use Amazon Comprehend topic modeling to discover the topics that your customers are talking about on your forums and message boards, then use entity detection to determine the people, places, and things that they associate with the topic. Use sentiment analysis to determine how your customers feel about a topic

56
Q

Amazon CodeGuru

A

CodeGuru Security is a rearchitected and redesigned version of CodeGuru Reviewer

Currently, CodeGuru Security is in preview release and is free to use

Types of code scans
1. Code security analysis
2. Code quality analysis
3. Secrets detection

57
Q

AWS Billing Conductor

A

AWS Billing Conductor is a custom billing service that can support the showback and chargeback workflows of AWS Solution Providers and Enterprise customers

Group your accounts into a set of mutually exclusive set of accounts (billing groups)

Apply custom pricing plans

Create and apply one-time or recurring charges or credits to your billing groups

58
Q

AWS Cost Categotries

A

You can create groupings of costs using cost categories. For example, assume that your business is organized by teams and that each team has multiple accounts within. To build this structure in cost categories, create a cost category named Team. Then, you can map costs to a cost category value that’s named Team 1.

59
Q

AWS Credits

A

The order of how credits apply if an AWS account has more than one credit:

  1. The soonest to expire amongst the credits
  2. The credit with the least number of eligible services
  3. The oldest of all credits
60
Q

Consolidate Billing

A

Reserved Instances and Savings Plans discount sharing:

To share an Reserved Instance or Savings Plans discount with an account, both accounts must have sharing activated

61
Q

Amazon Rekognition

A

Common use cases for using Amazon Rekognition include the following:

Searchable image and video libraries

Face Liveness Detection : helps you verify that a user is physically present in front of the camera and isn’t a bad actor spoofing

Face-based user verification

Facial detection and analysis - can detect and analyze different facial components and attributes, such as: emotional expressions (like happy, sad, or surprised), demographic information (like gender or age)

Facial Search

Unsafe content detection - can detect inappropriate, unwanted, or offensive content

Celebrity recognition

Text detection

Custom labels - you can find your logo in social media posts, identify your products on store shelves

62
Q

AWS AppConfig

A

Safely release new capabilities to your customers in a controlled environment

Carefully introduce application changes while testing the impact of those changes with users in production environments

Control access to premium features or instantly block specific users without deploying new code

Keep your configuration data organized and consistent across all of your workloads

63
Q

Amazon EC2 ASG

A

Better fault tolerance
Better availability
Better cost management

Strategies:

Maintain a fixed number of instances

Scale based on a schedule - This is useful when you know exactly when to increase or decrease the number of instances in your group

Scale dynamically based on demand
a) Step scaling
b) Simple scaling
c) Target tracking scaling

Step Scaling e.g. :
You can define different step adjustments based on the breach size of the alarm. You can define separate scaling policies to handle scaling out (increasing capacity) and scaling in (decreasing capacity) when an alarm threshold is breached

For example:
Scale out by 10 instances if the alarm metric reaches 60 percent
Scale out by 30 instances if the alarm metric reaches 75 percent
Scale out by 40 instances if the alarm metric reaches 85 percent

Simple scaling policies are similar to step scaling policies, except they’re based on a single scaling adjustment

Target tracking scaling e.g. :
You can meet this need by creating a target tracking scaling policy that targets an average CPU utilization of 50 percent. Then, your Auto Scaling group will scale out (increase capacity) when CPU exceeds 50 percent to handle increased load. It will scale in (decrease capacity) when CPU drops below 50 percent to optimize costs during periods of low utilization.

Predictive scaling e.g. :
Consider an application that has high usage during business hours and low usage overnight. At the start of each business day, predictive scaling can add capacity before the first influx of traffic. This helps your application maintain high availability and performance when going from a period of lower utilization to a period of higher utilization

64
Q

AWS CloudFormation

A

Public and Private extensions
Public extensions - AWS Lambda functions or Amazon S3 buckets
Private extensions - Custom resource types like third party resources

65
Q

AWS CloudTrail

A

CloudTrail provides three ways to record events:

  1. Event history
  2. CloudTrail Lake
  3. Trails
66
Q

Amazon CloudWatch

A

Services used along with Amazon CloudWatch
1. SNS
2. EC2 Auto Scaling
3. CloudTrail
4. iAM

CloudWatch cross-account observability is used to get cross-account, cross-Region metrics, logs, and traces

CloudWatch agent can collect metrics from
1. Amazon EC2 instances across operating systems
2. System-level metrics from on-premises servers
3. Custom metrics from your applications or services
4. Collect logs from Amazon EC2 instances and on-premises servers

You can use Amazon CloudWatch Synthetics to create canaries, configurable scripts that run on a schedule, to monitor your endpoints and APIs. Canaries check the availability and latency of your endpoints and can store load time data and screenshots of the UI. By using canaries, you can discover issues before your customers do

Amazon EC2 detailed monitoring provides more frequent metrics, published at one-minute intervals, instead of the five-minute intervals used in Amazon EC2 basic monitoring

67
Q

AWS Compute Optimizer

A

Compute Optimizer generates recommendations for the following resources:

  1. EC2
  2. EC2 ASG
  3. EBS
  4. Lambda functions
  5. ECS
  6. Commercial software licenses

Recommendation preferences
1. Rightsizing recommendation preferences - Free
2. Enhanced infrastructure metrics for ASG - Paid
3. Savings estimation mode - Allows Compute Optimizer to analyze specific pricing discounts when generating the estimated cost savings of rightsizing recommendations

68
Q

AWS Control Tower

A

AWS Control Tower offers the easiest way to set up and govern a secure, compliant, multi-account AWS environment

AWS Control Tower has the following features:
1. Landing zone
2. Controls
3. Account Factory
4. Dashboard

69
Q

AWS OpsWorks

A

AWS OpsWorks is a configuration management service that helps you configure and operate applications in a cloud enterprise by using Puppet or Chef

AWS OpsWorks Services
1. AWS OpsWorks for Puppet Enterprise
2. AWS OpsWorks for Chef Automate
3. AWS OpsWorks Stacks (to be migrated to AWS Systems Manager)

70
Q

AWS Organizations

A

In SCPs, you can restrict which AWS services, resources, and individual API actions the users and roles in each member account can access. You can also define conditions for when to restrict access to AWS services, resources, and API actions

You can use backup policies to configure and automatically apply AWS Backup plans to resources across all your organization’s accounts

The user can access only what is allowed by both the AWS Organizations policies and IAM policies

AWS Organizations is a global service with a single endpoint that works from any and all AWS Regions. You don’t need to explicitly select a region to operate in

71
Q

Global Services

A

Their Data Plane is in different regions
AWS IAM
AWS Organizations
AWS Account Management
Route 53 Application Recovery Controller (ARC)
AWS Network Manager
Route 53 Private DNS

Their Data Plane is on Point of Presence(PoP)
Amazon CloudFront
AWS WAF for CloudFront
AWS Global Accelerator
AWS Shield Advanced

Some operations of these services have global impact:
Route 53
Amazon S3
CloudFront
AWS STS
AWS IAM Identity Center
Amazon S3 Storage Lens

72
Q

AWS Systems Manager

A

Capabilities:

  1. Application Manager helps DevOps engineers investigate and remediate issues with their AWS resources.
  2. Change Manager is for requesting, approving, implementing, and reporting on operational changes to your application configuration and infrastructure
  3. Use Compliance to scan your fleet of managed nodes for patch compliance and configuration inconsistencies
  4. Incident Manager is an incident management console that helps users mitigate and recover from incidents affecting their AWS hosted applications
  5. Use Quick Setup to configure frequently used AWS services and features with recommended best practices
73
Q

Amazon Elastic Transcoder

A

You can convert large, high-quality digital media files into formats that users can play back on mobile devices, tablets, web browsers, and connected televisions

You can protect your Elastic Transcoder data by encrypting any input and output files using S3 Server-Side Encryption or Client-Side Encryption Using Customer-Provided Keys

74
Q

AWS Application Discovery Service

A

Application Discovery Service integrates with application discovery solutions from AWS Partner Network (APN) partners. These third-party solutions can help you import details about your on-premises environment directly into Migration Hub, without using any agentless collector or discovery agent.

75
Q

AWS Application Migration Service

A

Retire: Retiring the application means that you can shut down the servers within that application stack.

Retain: This is the migration strategy for applications that you want to keep in your source environment or applications that you are not ready to migrate. You might choose to migrate these applications in the future.

Rehost (lift and shift): Rehost is the process of moving applications from your source environment to the AWS Cloud without making any changes to the application.

Relocate: Relocate is transferring a large number of servers, comprising one or more applications, at a given time from on-premises platform to a cloud version of the platform. For example, you can use this strategy to transfer servers in bulk from VMware software-defined data center (SDDC) to VMware Cloud on AWS.

Repurchase (drop and shop): Repurchase means replacing your application with a different version or product.

Replatform (lift, tinker, and shift): Replatform is moving an application to the cloud and introducing some level of optimization in order to operate the application efficiently, reduce costs, or take advantage of cloud capabilities.

Refactor: Refactor is moving an application to the cloud, and modifying its architecture by taking full advantage of cloud-native features to improve agility, performance, and scalability.

76
Q

AWS DataSync

A

DataSync works with the following on-premises storage systems:

Network File System (NFS)
Server Message Block (SMB)
Hadoop Distributed File Systems (HDFS)
Object storage

The only data that DataSync handles at rest relates to the information that it discovers about your on-premises storage system and the details needs to complete your transfer. DataSync stores the following data with full at-rest encryption in Amazon DynamoDB

77
Q

AWS Transfer Family

A

AWS Transfer Family supports transferring data from or to the following AWS storage services.

Amazon S3 and Amazon EFS

AWS Transfer Family supports transferring data over the following protocols:

Secure Shell (SSH) File Transfer Protocol (SFTP): version 3
File Transfer Protocol Secure (FTPS)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Applicability Statement 2 (AS2)

78
Q

Amazon API Gateway

A

Optimization:
Enabling API caching to enhance responsiveness
Enabling payload compression for an API

79
Q

Amazon CloudFront

A

Function code and configuration in CloudFront Functions is always stored in an encrypted format on the edge location POPs, and in other storage locations used by CloudFront

You can improve resiliency and increase availability for specific scenarios by setting up CloudFront with origin failover

80
Q

AWS DirectConnect

A

AWS Direct Connect links your internal network to an AWS Direct Connect location over a standard Ethernet fiber-optic cable.

AWS Direct Connect does not encrypt your traffic that is in transit by default

81
Q

Elastic Load Balancing

A

Application Load Balancer (Layer 7)

Protocols : HTTP or HTTPS

Target Types are:

  1. InstanceID
  2. ip Address
  3. Lambda Function

When the target type is ip, you can specify IP addresses from one of the following CIDR blocks:
1. The subnets of the VPC for the target group
2. List as specified by AWS

You can’t specify publicly routable IP addresses.

Network Load Balancers(Layer 4)

Protocols: TCP, TLS, UDP, TCP_UDP

Target Types are:

  1. InstanceID
  2. ip Address
  3. Application Load Balancer

Gateway Load Balancer (Gateway Load Balancers listen for all IP packets across all ports. Layer 3)

Protocol : GENEVE

Target Types are:

  1. InstanceID
  2. ip Address
82
Q

AWS Global Accelerator

A

The static IP addresses provided by AWS Global Accelerator serve as single fixed entry points for your clients.

The static IP addresses accept incoming traffic onto the AWS global network from the edge location that is closest to your users

By using a standard accelerator, you can improve the availability and performance of your applications running on Application Load Balancers, Network Load Balancers, or Amazon EC2 instances

83
Q

Amazon Route 53

A

Three main functions:

  1. Register domain names
  2. Route internet traffic to the resources for your domain
  3. Check the health of your resources

If Route 53 considers the endpoint unhealthy and if you configured notification for the health check, Route 53 notifies CloudWatch

AWS Direct Connect - Describes establishing a private, logical connection from your remote network to Amazon VPC, using AWS Direct Connect.

AWS Direct Connect + AWS Site-to-Site VPN – Describes establishing a private, encrypted connection from your remote network to Amazon VPC, using AWS Direct Connect and AWS Site-to-Site VPN.

AWS VPN CloudHub – Describes establishing a hub-and-spoke model for connecting remote branch offices.

84
Q

AWS Site-to-Site VPN

A

A Site-to-Site VPN connection has the following limitations.

IPv6 traffic is not supported for VPN connections on a virtual private gateway.

An AWS VPN connection does not support Path MTU Discovery.

When connecting your VPCs to a common on-premises network, we recommend that you use non-overlapping CIDR blocks for your networks

85
Q

AWS Ground Station

A

AWS Ground Station is a fully managed service that enables you to control satellite communications, process satellite data, and scale your satellite operations

86
Q

AWS Network Firewall

A

Intrusion detection and prevention service for your AWS VPC

Filtering traffic going to and coming from an internet gateway, NAT gateway, or over VPN or AWS Direct Connect

Tasks:

Pass traffic through only from known AWS service domains or IP address endpoints, such as Amazon S3.

Use custom lists of known bad domains to limit the types of domain names that your applications can access.

Perform deep packet inspection on traffic entering or leaving your VPC.

Use stateful protocol detection to filter protocols like HTTPS, independent of the port used.

87
Q

AWS WAF

A

Monitor the HTTP(S) requests that are forwarded to your protected web application resources. Protect the following resources:

CloudFront
API Gateway REST API
ALB
AppSync GraphQL API
Amazon Cognito
App Runner
AWS Verified Access instance

You protect by defining a web access control list (ACL)

Tasks:

Allow the requests to go to the protected resource for processing and response.

Block the requests.

Count the requests.

Run CAPTCHA or challenge checks

88
Q

Amazon EBS

A

We recommend Amazon EBS for data that must be quickly accessible and requires long-term persistence.

Primary storage for file systems, databases

You can attach multiple EBS volumes to a single instance

The volume and instance must be in the same Availability Zone

You create an EBS volume in a specific Availability Zone, and then attach it to an instance in that same Availability Zone.

To make a volume available outside of the Availability Zone, you can create a snapshot and restore that snapshot to a new volume anywhere in that Region.

You can copy snapshots to other Regions and then restore them to new volumes there, making it easier to leverage multiple AWS Regions for geographical expansion, data center migration, and disaster recovery

When you create snapshots, you incur charges in Amazon S3 based on the size of the data being backed up, not the size of the source volume.

Subsequent snapshots of the same volume are incremental snapshots.

They include only changed and new data written to the volume since the last snapshot was created, and you are charged only for this changed and new data

89
Q

AWS Instance Store

A

Instance store volumes can be attached to an instance only when you launch it. You can’t attach instance store volumes to an instance after you’ve launched it

After you launch an instance with attached instance store volumes, you must mount the volumes before you can access them

The data on an instance store volume persists even if the instance is rebooted.

However, the data does not persist if the instance is stopped, hibernated, or terminated

90
Q

File Storage

A

Use Amazon S3 with Amazon EC2
Use Amazon EFS with Amazon EC2
Use Amazon FSx with Amazon EC2
Use Amazon File Cache with Amazon EC2

Amazon EFS is not supported on Windows instances.

EFS automatically grows and shrinks as you add and remove files

AWS Questions (7 decks)

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