quick facts

Question 1

What year was the defiance campaign

Answer 1

1952

Question 2

how many were involved in the defiance campaign

Answer 2

they asked for 10k, they got 8.5k

Question 3

reasons the Defiance campaign was a failure

Answer 3

ANC membership up from 7k to 100k

Question 4

what year was The freedom charter

Answer 4

26 June 1955

Question 5

successes of The freedom charter

Answer 5

gave the anc a manifesto which also had popular support

lead to the treason trials which was publicity for the protesters and an embarrassment for the government

Question 6

failures of The freedom charter

Answer 6

made the ANC look communist and so lost some support

the treason trials removed many leaders from political activity for 5 years

Question 7

what year were the shebeen (beer-hall) riots

Answer 7

1959

Question 8

What happened in the shebeen (beer-hall) riots

Answer 8

The women had their traditional way of contributing to social life and earning money taken away by permits so in cato manor near Durban, they attacked and burnt 2 of the official beer halls, the next day the protesters were violently attacked by the police

Question 9

When was the Alexandra bus boycott?

Answer 9

1957

Question 10

what happened in the Alexandra bus boycott?

Answer 10

Native Africans had been removed from cites due to the group areas act 1950, and could not afford cars, so they almost all used buses, the bus companies put up their fares so in the township of Alexandra 16 km from johannesburg people boycotted the buses, they were harassed by police and the anc were accused of intimidating them but eventually the fare increase was removed

Question 11

When was The Sharpeville massacre?

Answer 11

21 March 1960

Question 12

What happened in the Sharpeville massacre?

Answer 12

PAC organised Protesters about the pass laws burning their passes outside a police station, the police panicked and fired, killing 69 of them and wounding 180

Question 13

successes of the Sharpeville massacre?

Answer 13

Increased resistance
international condemnation such as pictures such as the mass burial (which had huge crowds), nelson mandlea’s 4 hour speech at his rivonia trial un condemnation, left the commonwealth, investors left

Question 14

failures of the Sharpeville massacre?

Answer 14

increased repression
ANC & PAC are banned
move to armed resistance which increased repression and lost support

Question 15

when was the FEDSAW Women’s charter

Answer 15

1954

Question 16

When was the soweto riot

Answer 16

1976

Question 17

What happened in the Soweto riot

Answer 17

The rise of black consciousness and the new teaching of lessons in a language they didn’t know, also the schools were overcrowded and had 10x less funding than white schools, 15k students protested by boycotting and marching (some burning the schools), they were fired at by police and around 1k were killed, pictures of the event such as the one of hector peterson 13 being carried away by his friends, were in headlines across the world. sparking an international outcry