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1
Q

Cat 1 triage

A

Unconscious, likely to die without immediate

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2
Q

Primary life threats

A

CV, resp, neuro, blocked cat

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3
Q

HyperK of UO and Addisons caues

A

Atrial standstill

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4
Q

PCV/TS for comp/decomp shock

A

Comp: hyperemic/

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5
Q

Expiratory effort, loud/harsh, crackles

A

lower airway (asthma, bronchitis)

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6
Q

Mixed insp/exp effort, harsh sounds/crackles, short/shallow

A

Parenchymal (contusion, hemorrhage, pneumonia)

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7
Q

Insp effort, short/shallow, quiet

A

Pleural dz (pneumothorax, pl eff)

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8
Q

Insp effort, stridor

A

Upper airway

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9
Q

Dog CO dop at

A

180 bpm

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10
Q

Vacular resistance formula

A

inversely proportional to radius to 4th powr

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11
Q

Worry about a cat when

A

Less than 160

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12
Q

Contractility decreases in

A

Sepsis, SIRS, heart dz

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13
Q

Treat contractility

A

Sepsis/SIRS- dobutamine

Heart dz- pimobendan

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14
Q

Fever anatomy

A

Ant hypothal

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15
Q

What determines body hydration

A

Na determines total body hydration

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16
Q

Dehy from, hypovol from

A

interstitial, intercellular; intravasc

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17
Q

Insensible losses

A

Sweat, saliva 20-30 mL/kg/day

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18
Q

5-7% dehy

A

CRT normal, tacky, mild tent

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19
Q

8-10% dehy

A

long CRT, tachy, poor pulse quality

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20
Q

Isotonic fluids

A

270-350

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21
Q

Bolus water IV

A

RBC swell from intracell shift (zero tonicity)

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22
Q

Maintenance characteristics

A

Low Na, Cl, higher K- NEVER bolus

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23
Q

Maint fluids

A

Norm M, PLyte 56

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24
Q

Replacement characteristics

A

Like plasma- high Na, Cl, low K; isotonic

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25
Q

Replacement fluids

A

NormR, PL148, 0.9 salline, LRS

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26
Q

Hypertonic fluids- contra

A

Dehydrated, hyperNa

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27
Q

Colloid function

A

Hold fluid in vasc space

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28
Q

Albumin portion of COP in health

A

80%

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29
Q

Gibbs Donnan effect

A

Charge is important, molecular weight does not effect osmolality (Na and Alb same contribution to osmolality without charge)

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30
Q

Alb contras

A

P who has had human, healthy- leads to anaphyl, delayed hypersens

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31
Q

Use for FFP

A

Clotting factors > colloid

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32
Q

Alb deficit

A

estimating anmount needed to increase alb conc to a desired level

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33
Q

Greater effect on coag- DS or molecular weight

A

DS

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34
Q

Effect of HES

A

interferes with vWF and factor VIII- platelet dysfunction

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35
Q

Monitor colloids

A

COP increases with HES concentration but TS no change, false increase in USG 2-3 hours post

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36
Q

Why CPR

A

Perfuse heart and brain

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37
Q

BPM in CPR

A

10-12 breaths, 100-120HR

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38
Q

Hyperventilation in CPR=

A

decreased CO leading to increased ischemia of coronary and cerebral

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39
Q

Open chest indications

A

pleural eff, pneumo, pericardial eff, chest trauma, DOA, too large- NOT abd wall problems

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40
Q

Open chest CPR approac

A

R side 5th or 6th

41
Q

Defib when

A

v-fib or pulseless v-fib (never asystole)

42
Q

CPR drugs

A

Epi 0.01 mg/kg q3-5; vasopressin

43
Q

Drug for bradycardia

A

Atropine- esp vagally mediated

44
Q

When to give CaGluconate

A

hyperK, pre-existing hypoCa- NEVER ANY OTHERS

45
Q

Inspiraton- think

46
Q

Expieration think

47
Q

All effort think

A

Parenchymal

48
Q

Short/shallow think

49
Q

Approach to resp emergency

A

Do no harm, hands off, sedate, oxygen

50
Q

First choice of drug for resp emergency sedation

51
Q

Parenchymal dz- cardiac caused–> Rx

A

Furosemide

52
Q

Parenchymal dz- non-cardiac–> Rx

A

Bronchidilators

53
Q

Indication for sedated airway exam

A

upper!, larynx, stridor

54
Q

Thoracocentesis approach

A

8th or 9th

55
Q

Trach approach

A

midline longitudinally, 2-3 rings below larnyx,

56
Q

Dystocia signs

A

Weak cont 2-3h, strong cont >1hr, stage 2 >12h, fetal HR

57
Q

Hydrops

A

Golden retriever with cankles/edematous vulva, excess fluid in amniotic sac occluding CaVC- caudal and ventral edema

58
Q

C section drugs

A

pre-ox, propofol, iso, lidocaine

59
Q

Dystocia drugs

A

Cagluc for stronger, then oxy for more frequent

60
Q

Cause of eclampsia

A

Over-supp Ca pre-birth

61
Q

Pyometra timing

A

Diestrus, progesterone

62
Q

Blocked cat Rx

A

CaGluc- threshold, insulin, NaBicarb, terbutaline shifts K intracell

63
Q

Rx for urethral spasm

64
Q

Canine urehral obstruction- tx

A

sx or lithotripsy

65
Q

Dx uroabdomen

A

creat 2:1, K 1.5:1

66
Q

Emesis, dogs/cats

A

Apomorphine, xylazine

67
Q

lipid sink-

A

Sequester toxins in lipids in bloodstream, change VOD

68
Q

Ca channels and beta blockers- tox tx

A

IV lipid, atropine, glucoagon

69
Q

benzos and barbituates- tox tx

A

Flumazenil

70
Q

acetaminophen- type of damage, tx

A

liver and RBC from NAPQI conversion- NAC to increase glut avail for glucuronidation

71
Q

serotonin syndrome tox tx

A

cyproheptadine

72
Q

PPA overdose

A

ace and lidocaine

73
Q

Albuterol bite causes

A

hypoK temproary

74
Q

oyrethrein tox tx

A

methocarbamol

75
Q

Trauma- early sx

A

diaphrag hernia, neuro wtihout pain

76
Q

Trauma stable then sx

A

urinary rupture, neuro with pain

77
Q

Shock dose fluids

A

dogs- 90, cats 60

78
Q

Bite wounds Abx

79
Q

Head trauma effects

A

Cushings resopinse= hypertensive, bradycardic, increased ICP

80
Q

Rollover injuries- look for

A

Bladder rupture, pelvic fx, body wall, diaphrag hernia

81
Q

Diabetic hypoK cat tx

A

delay insulin 12-24h

82
Q

Hypoglycemia tx

A

bolus 1ml/kg dex 50% PUSH

83
Q

Eclampsia/hypoCa tx-

A

10% CaGlluc over several minutes IV

84
Q

hypothyroid muxedema-

A

hypometabolic stat= dwon T4

85
Q

Addisons crisis

A

Bradycardia from increased K- atrial standstill; Na:K 20:1 ratio dx; saline, DOCP

86
Q

Peripheral veins for:

A

under 600 mOsm

87
Q

Diameter or length changes flow

88
Q

through the needly cath used for

A

Peripheral veins

89
Q

Seldinger technique for

A

Placing central line- guide wire through over the needle catherier

90
Q

Intraoss cath location

A

Flat surface of medial tibia

91
Q

Shock=

A

inadequate oxygen delivery to meet metabolic demand (consumption > delivery)

92
Q

Cardiogenic shock=

A

decrease in forward flow, normal volume

93
Q

Distributive shock

A

dec or inc in vasc resistance changing distrib

94
Q

Cat shock organ

95
Q

Dog shock organ

96
Q

Mental dullnes in which shock

A

Hypovolemic bc brain very metabolic, needs O2 most

97
Q

dold standard Dx of shock

A

PE- tachy, weak/bounding

98
Q

Primary goal of shck tx

ECC Final (2 decks)

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