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1
Q

Cat 1 triage

A

Unconscious, likely to die without immediate

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2
Q

Primary life threats

A

CV, resp, neuro, blocked cat

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3
Q

HyperK of UO and Addisons caues

A

Atrial standstill

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4
Q

PCV/TS for comp/decomp shock

A

Comp: hyperemic/

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5
Q

Expiratory effort, loud/harsh, crackles

A

lower airway (asthma, bronchitis)

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6
Q

Mixed insp/exp effort, harsh sounds/crackles, short/shallow

A

Parenchymal (contusion, hemorrhage, pneumonia)

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7
Q

Insp effort, short/shallow, quiet

A

Pleural dz (pneumothorax, pl eff)

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8
Q

Insp effort, stridor

A

Upper airway

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9
Q

Dog CO dop at

A

180 bpm

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10
Q

Vacular resistance formula

A

inversely proportional to radius to 4th powr

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11
Q

Worry about a cat when

A

Less than 160

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12
Q

Contractility decreases in

A

Sepsis, SIRS, heart dz

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13
Q

Treat contractility

A

Sepsis/SIRS- dobutamine

Heart dz- pimobendan

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14
Q

Fever anatomy

A

Ant hypothal

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15
Q

What determines body hydration

A

Na determines total body hydration

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16
Q

Dehy from, hypovol from

A

interstitial, intercellular; intravasc

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17
Q

Insensible losses

A

Sweat, saliva 20-30 mL/kg/day

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18
Q

5-7% dehy

A

CRT normal, tacky, mild tent

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19
Q

8-10% dehy

A

long CRT, tachy, poor pulse quality

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20
Q

Isotonic fluids

A

270-350

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21
Q

Bolus water IV

A

RBC swell from intracell shift (zero tonicity)

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22
Q

Maintenance characteristics

A

Low Na, Cl, higher K- NEVER bolus

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23
Q

Maint fluids

A

Norm M, PLyte 56

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24
Q

Replacement characteristics

A

Like plasma- high Na, Cl, low K; isotonic

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25
Replacement fluids
NormR, PL148, 0.9 salline, LRS
26
Hypertonic fluids- contra
Dehydrated, hyperNa
27
Colloid function
Hold fluid in vasc space
28
Albumin portion of COP in health
80%
29
Gibbs Donnan effect
Charge is important, molecular weight does not effect osmolality (Na and Alb same contribution to osmolality without charge)
30
Alb contras
P who has had human, healthy- leads to anaphyl, delayed hypersens
31
Use for FFP
Clotting factors > colloid
32
Alb deficit
estimating anmount needed to increase alb conc to a desired level
33
Greater effect on coag- DS or molecular weight
DS
34
Effect of HES
interferes with vWF and factor VIII- platelet dysfunction
35
Monitor colloids
COP increases with HES concentration but TS no change, false increase in USG 2-3 hours post
36
Why CPR
Perfuse heart and brain
37
BPM in CPR
10-12 breaths, 100-120HR
38
Hyperventilation in CPR=
decreased CO leading to increased ischemia of coronary and cerebral
39
Open chest indications
pleural eff, pneumo, pericardial eff, chest trauma, DOA, too large- NOT abd wall problems
40
Open chest CPR approac
R side 5th or 6th
41
Defib when
v-fib or pulseless v-fib (never asystole)
42
CPR drugs
Epi 0.01 mg/kg q3-5; vasopressin
43
Drug for bradycardia
Atropine- esp vagally mediated
44
When to give CaGluconate
hyperK, pre-existing hypoCa- NEVER ANY OTHERS
45
Inspiraton- think
upper
46
Expieration think
Lower
47
All effort think
Parenchymal
48
Short/shallow think
Pleural
49
Approach to resp emergency
Do no harm, hands off, sedate, oxygen
50
First choice of drug for resp emergency sedation
Torb
51
Parenchymal dz- cardiac caused--> Rx
Furosemide
52
Parenchymal dz- non-cardiac--> Rx
Bronchidilators
53
Indication for sedated airway exam
upper!, larynx, stridor
54
Thoracocentesis approach
8th or 9th
55
Trach approach
midline longitudinally, 2-3 rings below larnyx,
56
Dystocia signs
Weak cont 2-3h, strong cont >1hr, stage 2 >12h, fetal HR
57
Hydrops
Golden retriever with cankles/edematous vulva, excess fluid in amniotic sac occluding CaVC- caudal and ventral edema
58
C section drugs
pre-ox, propofol, iso, lidocaine
59
Dystocia drugs
Cagluc for stronger, then oxy for more frequent
60
Cause of eclampsia
Over-supp Ca pre-birth
61
Pyometra timing
Diestrus, progesterone
62
Blocked cat Rx
CaGluc- threshold, insulin, NaBicarb, terbutaline shifts K intracell
63
Rx for urethral spasm
Prazosin
64
Canine urehral obstruction- tx
sx or lithotripsy
65
Dx uroabdomen
creat 2:1, K 1.5:1
66
Emesis, dogs/cats
Apomorphine, xylazine
67
lipid sink-
Sequester toxins in lipids in bloodstream, change VOD
68
Ca channels and beta blockers- tox tx
IV lipid, atropine, glucoagon
69
benzos and barbituates- tox tx
Flumazenil
70
acetaminophen- type of damage, tx
liver and RBC from NAPQI conversion- NAC to increase glut avail for glucuronidation
71
serotonin syndrome tox tx
cyproheptadine
72
PPA overdose
ace and lidocaine
73
Albuterol bite causes
hypoK temproary
74
oyrethrein tox tx
methocarbamol
75
Trauma- early sx
diaphrag hernia, neuro wtihout pain
76
Trauma stable then sx
urinary rupture, neuro with pain
77
Shock dose fluids
dogs- 90, cats 60
78
Bite wounds Abx
clavamox
79
Head trauma effects
Cushings resopinse= hypertensive, bradycardic, increased ICP
80
Rollover injuries- look for
Bladder rupture, pelvic fx, body wall, diaphrag hernia
81
Diabetic hypoK cat tx
delay insulin 12-24h
82
Hypoglycemia tx
bolus 1ml/kg dex 50% PUSH
83
Eclampsia/hypoCa tx-
10% CaGlluc over several minutes IV
84
hypothyroid muxedema-
hypometabolic stat= dwon T4
85
Addisons crisis
Bradycardia from increased K- atrial standstill; Na:K 20:1 ratio dx; saline, DOCP
86
Peripheral veins for:
under 600 mOsm
87
Diameter or length changes flow
Diameter
88
through the needly cath used for
Peripheral veins
89
Seldinger technique for
Placing central line- guide wire through over the needle catherier
90
Intraoss cath location
Flat surface of medial tibia
91
Shock=
inadequate oxygen delivery to meet metabolic demand (consumption > delivery)
92
Cardiogenic shock=
decrease in forward flow, normal volume
93
Distributive shock
dec or inc in vasc resistance changing distrib
94
Cat shock organ
Lungs
95
Dog shock organ
GI
96
Mental dullnes in which shock
Hypovolemic bc brain very metabolic, needs O2 most
97
dold standard Dx of shock
PE- tachy, weak/bounding
98
Primary goal of shck tx
wiejw

ECC Final (2 decks)

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