Quick

Question 0

Why camps ?

Answer 0

Darwinism -> survival of the fittest -> weak = attacked

Question 1

Camps ?

Answer 1

Triple alliance -> G, AH, Ott

Triple Entente -> UK, F, Russia

Question 2

Long term causes ?

Answer 2

• 1871 -> Franco-Prussian war -> France was humiliated + lost AL + had to pay reparations -> animosity
• Militarism -> arms race
• Naval rivalry -> Germany ready to compete with Britain who dominated naval power
• Colonial rivalry -> crisis, eg Morrocco
• Nationalism -> Serbia and Bosnia

Question 3

Short term causes ?

Answer 3

28th June Assassination

• > 07/02 : AH asks for support
• > 07/05 : blank cheque
• > 07/23 : ultimatum delivered : 48hrs, put down nationalist hatred, punish criminals, gvt officials thing
• > 07/25 : S ok all but last one
• > 07/28 : AH war on Serbia
• > Nicky-Willy
• > 08/01 : G war on Russia
• > 08/02 : Fr mobilization
• > 08/03 : G war on Fr
• > 08/04 : B enters the war

Question 4

The plans ?

Answer 4

• French : Plan 17 :
Troops in AL, cross it, beat G
Troops in the North = inexperienced, symbolic

• German : Schleiffen Plan :
Crossing Belgium avoiding Fr (80% of army)

Meant to end war quickly (ppl thought before Christmas)

Question 5

Plans result ?

Answer 5

Failed :
French realized a bit late that G in the North not feint
Then sent armies in north
But as G advances Fr retreats
Taken by surprise by Paris army : come in great numbers charging out of Paris in taxis (taxi division) meet tired German soldiers

Question 6

Trenches ?

Answer 6

Long, narrow excavations in the ground

A few hundred meters between 2 camps -> not jog when going over the top

1st line : attack
2nd : retreat
3rd : eat, sleep
4rth : hospital wing

All the way from Belgium to Switzerland

Trench warfare + failure of plans -> war of movement turned into war of position

Question 7

How many countries front ?

Answer 7

60 (with colonies)

Question 8

Why US involvement only 1917?

Answer 8

• Washington : policy of isolation
• Wilson : stay neutral in thought and deed
• natural affinity Entente but Russia and UK not democracies

Question 9

When and why ?

Answer 9

• Zimmerman telegram -> Mexico attack pls?
• Feb Revolution -> let’s help Russia establishing a democracy guys

6th of April : POTUS asks Congress for declaration of war

BUT
Few troops
Hard war to sell

Question 10

Blame?

Answer 10

Traditional : Germany bc blank cheque, wanted it bc domestic political problems

Revisionist : events took over individual decisions kaiser was not that horrible not his fault

Post revisionist : series of miscalculations

• > AH : R not support S
• > G : R and thus UK and Fr not fight if we do
• > Generals : rigidly sticking to plans

Question 11

US home front socially ?

Answer 11

Women
Children
Propaganda
Internal migrations
Anti-German sentiment 
Arts
Full employment 
Better working conditions for most
War hysteria -> race riots + G

Question 12

US home front politically ?

Answer 12

Gvt more powers :

• > railroad (money)
• > WIB
• > SSB
• > 4 min men
• > encouraging victory-directed actions

Sedition acts

Question 13

US home front economically ?

Answer 13

National debt
32 bi $ -> 1/3 taxes, rest bonds

Industry
WIB -> cost-plus

Agriculture
Eat less of certain stuff pls

Transport
Gvt railroad : workers happy

Labor market
Women + black + mex
Better working benefits
National Labor Board
850 000 federal workers

Question 14

Consequences ?

Answer 14

• 1st total war -> new weapons -> casualties
• Europe’s prestige hurt
• need for birth -> family stuff
• revolutionary waves
• national trade for US
• League of Nations
• mandate system
• peace settlements