Questions on limbic system Flashcards
The overall function of the limbic system is?
[HOME1) homeostatic functions; 2) olfaction; 3) short term memory and learning; and 4) emotions controlling autonomic and neuroendocrine behaviors, including behaviors essential for survival of the individual and species
The mesolimbic reward system primarily uses which neurotransmitter?
[The nucleus accumbens is important in reward, but it is an entire reward system and not just a reward center. The system originates in the brain stem, in the midbrain in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). These are neurons that contain dopamine and their axons project through the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). They project to 3 targets: nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and frontal cortex. There are important receptors in these areas: opioid, nicotine, cannabanoid, GABA A – all receptors related to addictive receptors.]
What is involved in the anti-reward system?
[this originates in cells that contain norepinephrine that are found in the locus coeruleus (LC, near 4th ventricle in rostral pons) which project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus which contains the neuropeptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). CRF then activates the amygdala and we believe it is this activation of the amygdala that is contributing to the negative feelings such as anxiety and dysphoria in addiction and withdrawal.]
What are the 2 major pathways associated with the limbic system?
[ Ventral amygdalofugal projects anteriorly from amygdala to forebrain structures involved in emotion, motivation, and cognition – nu basalis, septal nuclei, ventral striatum and mediodorsal nu of the thalamus (which projects to frontal lobes). Also reciprocal connections with hypothalamus regarding autonomic homeostatic functions. ———————-Stria terminalis is a C-shaped structure running from amygdala along the wall of the lateral ventricle following the path of the caudate, above the thalamus, to reach the hypothalamus and septal areas.
The following limbic system structures, septum, amygdala, and posterior hypothalamus, produce fear, anxiety, and rage and are termed what?
[Aversion systems
The following limbic system structures, nu. accumbens, anterior hypothalamus, and brainstem nucleus, elicit sensations of pleasure and reward, and are termed what?
[Gratification system
The following limbic system structures, hippocampus and dorsal medial thalamus, are areas concerned with short-term memory associated with emotion and are termed what?
[Emotional Memory system
Kluver-Bucy symdrome includes what clinical symptoms?
[Visual agnosia, hypermetamorphosis (object obsession), oral tendencies (placing inedible objects in the mouth), hyper-appetitive behavior (overeating), hypersexuality, loss of emotional valence, tame, docile behavior.
Damage to the amygdala can produce what types of symptoms?
[Unable to access the emotion of fear
