Questions on Exam Flashcards
What does ICAP Theory stand for?
Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Theory
Who created the ICAP Theory?
Farrington
What does ICAP Theory state?
Everyone can be antisocial and depends how far we will go to commit crimes
Potential peer approval becomes potential disapproval
Long Term for ICAP Theory
How we think continually
Short term for ICAP Theory
How we act in different situations
Is ICAP Theory good?
Too broad to be good and testable theory
Prohibition law (1920s)
Volstead Act
Green Criminology
Study of crimes and harms against environment
Roots of Green Criminology
Patriarchy and Capitalism
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Unsocialized and whose behavior patterns bring them into repeated conflict with society
Cause unclear
Somatogenic Causes for ASPD
based on physiological features
Psychogenic Cause for ASPD
rooted in early interpersonal experiences
Gender differences in ASPD
Much higher among males than females
*Females with ASPD appear to have male characteristics
Pattern of crime as age increases
12-25 years old is when most people commit crime
Many stop committing crime after 24 years old as they enter adulthood
Good targets for white collar crime
Aggregate level (lack of credible agencies)
Organizational level
Individual level (Aggressiveness thrill seeking)
Early Intervention Targets
Younger kids
Big 5 Personality Traits
Conscientious-> Stable-> Agreeable-> Open-> Extraverted
Kennesaw, Georgia
Law that requires everybody to arm themselves
Who came up with feminist criminology?
Hagan and Messerschmidts
Campbell
Adler and Simon
What happened at Apalachian meeting?
1957
Proved the existence of organized crime syndicate
Police arrested important LCN members
Moffits Dual Taxonomy
Life Course Persistent
Adolescent limited
Difference between adult and juvenile offenders
Adult offenders are considered pathological
Juvenile offenders are considered normal
Theory created by Sampson and Laub
Age Graded Theory of Informal Social Control (1993)
Antisocial behavior as “default setting”
Formal and Informal social controls
Ties to prosocial peers and institutions important for preventing crime
Best way to create development theories
Longitudinal Methodology (done over time because it takes a lot of time and commitment)
Sutherland’s definition of White Collar Crime
Offender based - based on status, white males, 40-50s, have power
Edelhertz definition of White Collar Crime
Offense based- type of crime
Benson-Simpson definition of White Collar Crime
Reconciling the two definitions (Sutherland and Edelhertz): pay attention to both status and type of crime
Congress Definition of White Collar Crime: Illegal Acts
An illegal act or series of illegal acts committed by non-physical means and by concealment or guile, to obtain money, property, obtain business, or personal advantage
Psychopaths and Sociopaths
Primary psychopaths
Born with psychopathic personalities
Secondary psychopaths/Sociopaths
Born with “normal personality”, develop psychopathic tendencies
Other types of psychopaths
Charismatic psychopaths
Distempered psychopaths
Life Event Changes
Turning Points
How many arrests are related to alcohol
1/3 of all arrests
185 billion annually
Different parts of personality
Id - biological raw material of our temperament and personality
Ego obeys the reality principle
Superego - strives for the ideal
Life course and developmental theories gap
Maturity gap
Different traits that lead to more or less criminal behavior
Impulsiveness
Negative Emotionality
Sensation seeking
Lack of empathy
Altruism(ability to do things for other people)
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Drug Intervention types
Behavioral
Cognitive - decision making
Motivation - motivational process, Interviewing
Personality - Addictive personality coupled with environment
Occupational Crime
Resemble the general population
Similar to street offenders
Motives are quick benefits with minimal efforts
Corporate Crime
Fraud and environmental offenses
Organized Crime
A continuing criminal enterprise
White Collar Crime
May be occupational or corporate
An illegal act or series of illegal acts committed by non-physical means and by concealment or guile, to obtain money, property, obtain business, or personal advantage
Difficulty to infiltrate organized crime
Restricted to italian males
Prospective members must be sponsored
A lifetime commitment to the family is required
Requirements to get into cosa nostra
Must be associate and associated with already conducted memebrs
Prostitution legislation
Illegal
Frequent coercion
Sexual services, recruiters, clients, and places that house them
Organizational Structure of Mafia
Boss
Underboss
Administration (top of each family)
Family (represented by crews)
Captains (Head of each crew)
Made members (friends)
Alcohol related deaths and crimes
2.5 million deaths in 2009
75% of robberies and 80% of homicides
