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respiratory and cardiac > questions on all systems for assessment > Flashcards

questions on all systems for assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Brudzinski sign aseessed how

A

Passively flex neck forward to chest

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2
Q

Brudzinski sign positive result +

A

+ response is flexion of 1 or both legs to pelvis arms may also flex

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3
Q

Kernig’s sign asessed

A

Pt in recumbent position, flex hip & flex @ knee, attempt to extend knee

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4
Q

Kernig’s sign positive result is

A

+ is resistance to extension & pain (spasm of hamstring) reliable sign of irritation(r/o HD)

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5
Q

CN1 testing is for

A

smell

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6
Q

anosmia with CN 1 testing is

A

inablity to smell

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7
Q

test Cerebellar Function

A

Romberg’s test:

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8
Q

Abnormal Romberg’s test:

A

sways, falls, must widen base of feet to stop fall indicates MS, ETOH, loss of proprioception & vestibular function

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9
Q

Test cellebellar function by observing

A

walking smooth

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10
Q

CNVIII is

A

Aucustic

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11
Q

Test CNVIII

A

test hearing acuity w/ Weber, Rinne

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12
Q

Meningeal Irritation have a positive

A

Kernig’s sign

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13
Q

Fluent aphasia

A

Wernicke’s

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14
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia people can

A

talk & read easily but words nonsensical, jumbled, meaningless

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15
Q

Nonfluent aphasia

A

Broca’s

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16
Q

Broca’s aphasia people can

A

struggle w/words, slow, monosyllabic

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17
Q

Broca’s aphasia is an injury

A

frontal lobe

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18
Q

Wernicke’s is an injury

A

temporal or parietal lobe

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19
Q

Vibration is abnormal if felt

A

in the knees

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20
Q

Vibration is abnormal with

A

peripheral neuropathy as w/DM, ETOH

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21
Q

Vestibular dysfunction with injury to CN

A

CNVIII

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22
Q

injury to the posterior colum in the brain decrease in

A

tactile Discrimination - Fine Touch

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23
Q

test the Posterior Column wit h

A

Stereogenisis

– Graphesthesia – Two-Point Discrimination

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24
Q

Abnormal sensory test of the posterior colum =

A

inability to perform indicates lesion of sensory cortex or posterior column

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25
Q

Test CN3, 4, 6 with

A

EOM and PERRLA

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26
Q

CN 9 and 10 test

A

Depress tongue w/blade note pharyngeal movement as Pt says “AHHH”, touch posterior pharyngeal wall for gag reflex, Note voice smooth or strained, swallowing

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27
Q

abnormal test of CN 9,10 =

A

absence or loss of symmetry, uvula does not rise or deviates, no gag, hoarseness, brassiness

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28
Q

Neuro test for reflexes you see a snout reflex you suspect

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)

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29
Q

snout reflex is

A

puckering of lips- abn after infancy

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30
Q

Cerebral Cortex has temporal werenike’s

associated with

A

auditory reception

damage = aphasia

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31
Q

Cerebral Cortex has Broca’s

A

frontal lobe mediates speech , damage =

aphasia

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32
Q

CN1 is

A

Olfactory

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33
Q

CN2 is

A

Optic

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34
Q

CN3 is

A

Oculomotor

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35
Q

CN4 is

A

Troclear

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36
Q

CN5 is

A

Trigeminal

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37
Q

CN6 is

A

Abducens

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38
Q

CN7 is

A

Facial

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39
Q

CN8 is

A

Acoustic

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40
Q

CN9 is

A

Glossopharyngeal

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41
Q

CN10 is

A

Vagus

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42
Q

CN11 is

A

Spinal

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43
Q

CN2 is

A

Hypoglossal

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44
Q

Dermatone C6

A

Thumb

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45
Q

Dermatone T4

A

Nipple line

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46
Q

Dermatone T10

A

Umbilicus

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47
Q

Dermatone L5

A

Top of foot

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48
Q

Dermatone S1

A

Bottom of foot

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49
Q

Dermatone S2-S4

A

perineum

50
Q

Important components of the Neuro exam:

A 
Mental status 
cranial nerves
motor system
sensory system 
cerebellum
gait
51
Q

GlasgowComaScale max score

A

15

52
Q

GlasgowComaScale minimum

A

3

53
Q

Fully awake

A

able to respond to various stimuli but maybe disoriented & forgetful

54
Q

Alert:

A

fully awake & oriented to person,

place , and time. Able to respond and carry out commands

55
Q

Lethargic

A

sleepy/drowsy but is arousable w/ gentle shaking, calling of name, falls back to sleep easily, maybe disoriented

56
Q

Obtunded

A

sleeps most of the time, makes few spontaneous movements, vigorous shaking & name calling required - capable of verbal response but likely inappropriate

57
Q

Stuporous

A

semi-comatose, unconscious most of time, strong painful stimuli required for w/ drawl response

58
Q

Comatose

A

can not be aroused

59
Q

Reflexes are

A

4+ very brisk hyperactive w/clonus = disease – 3+brisker than average, may indicate disease – 2+average, normal
– 1+ diminished, low normal
– 0 no response = SC damage

60
Q

Pathological Reflexes:

A

Clonus:

• Upper motor neuron disease, preeclampsia

61
Q

Babinski: norm in infancy until 15-18 months abnormal is

A

Abn: fan great toe w/toes abduct – lesions pyramidial tract- stroke/trauma

62
Q

freckle,measles, nevus are skin lesion

A

macule

63
Q

solar lentigos-sun induced well circumscribed is a skin lesion of

A

macule

64
Q

macule is

A

flat, circumscribed, nonpalpable, small up to 1 cm a color change

65
Q

mongolian spot, vitiligo, café au lait is skin lesion

A

Patch: macules > 1cm

66
Q

Papule is

A

solid, elevated, circumscribed, < 1cm

67
Q

papule looks like a

A

elevated nevus (mole), molluscum, wart (verruca)

68
Q

Molluscum is a

A

solid skin colored Papules w/central umbilication

69
Q

primary skin lesion of Plaque are

A

papules > 1cm plateau like, disc shaped confined to superficial dermis, may result from confluence of papules

70
Q

Nodule is

A

solid, elevated, hard or soft, > 1cm may extend deeper into the dermis than a papule, can be a xanthoma, fibroma, carcinoma,

71
Q

Tumor is

A

same but > 2cm can be aipoma, hemangioma - benign or malignant

72
Q

Wheal: superficial, raised, transient,

erythematous, irregular seen with

A

insect bite, allergic reaction

73
Q

Urticaia: wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction very pruritic

A

severe allergic reaction

74
Q

herpes simplex, varicella, herpes zoster, are skin lesions classified as

A

Vesicle: elevated cavity w/ free fluid up to 1 cm, clear serum flows if opened

75
Q

friction blister, 2nd burn, contact dermatitis are known as

A

Bulla: as above but > 1cm thin walled, ruptures

easily

76
Q

acne, impetigo, folliculitus are known as a

A

Pustule:circumscribed, elevated & filled w/pus in the cavity

77
Q

skin lesion is angular it is

A

ring shaped

78
Q

skin lesion is Linear

A

in a line

79
Q

skin lesion is Reticular

A

net like

80
Q

skin lesion is Gyrate

A

serpentine

81
Q

skin lesion is Clustered

A

close proximity

82
Q

skin lesion is Confluent

A

multiple blended together

83
Q

skin lesion is Dermatonal

A

along dermatome

84
Q

nail is spoon look for

A

anemia

85
Q

nail is dirty nails

A

poor self care

86
Q

nail is bitten nails

A

anxiety

87
Q

nail is clubbing

A

angle is 180` w/spongy base, O2 insufficiency

88
Q

nail is paronychia

A

red swollen nail folds acute is bacterial, chronic is fungal

89
Q

nail is Onycholysis

A

separation of nail plate from nail bed

90
Q

Yellow nails associated with

A

Lung disorders

91
Q

White nail syndrome associated

A

Arsenic, heart disease, CRF

92
Q

Koilonchyia spooning (dented nails) associated with

A

FE deficiency -spooning

93
Q

stasis, pressure, chancre are classified as

A

Ulcer: deep depression, extends into dermis & beyond, irregular shape, may bleed, leaves scar

94
Q

Scar is

A 
connective tissue (collagen) that replaces healed damaged normal tissue
–  eg: after surgery, acne, injury
95
Q

ntense itching thickens

skin produces increased visibility of skin furrows is known as

A

Lichenification

96
Q

hypertrophic scar, elevated, invasive is known as

A

Keloid

97
Q

skin lesion >1cm with clear serious fluis is considered a

A

Bulla

98
Q

Dermatophyte known as ring worm is called

A

tinea corpis

99
Q

(athletes foot) is known as

A

tinea pedis

100
Q

Positive Fitzpatricks sign is

A

is the dimpling and retraction of the lesion beneath the skin with lateral compression seen with Dermatofibromas:

101
Q

Increase your chance of melonoma with what type of sun exposure

A

Intense, intermittent

• H/O 2 or more blistering sunburns before 20

102
Q

Malignant Melonoma has ? signs

A

7

103
Q

what are the 7 letters for assesment of Melanoma

A

ABCDEEF

104
Q

Assessment Melanoma whar does ABCDEEF mean

A

Asymmetry in shape - 1/2 unlike other
• Border irregular - scalloped
• Color is mottled - many shades
• Diameter is large > 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)
• Elevation is usual - tangential lighting
• Enlargement- h/o increased size, most important
• Feeling- presence of sensation itching, tenderness, or pain

105
Q

Sharply demarcated erythematous papules & plaques of varying size & shape w/white overlying scales Removal of scale =dot of blood – Auspitz sign seen in

A

Psoriasis

106
Q

ring worm is

A

tinea corporis

107
Q

tinea corporis is a

A

(ringworm) a dermatophyte infection of the trunk, legs, arms

108
Q

Stage one ulcer is

A

nonblanchable erythema of intact skin, epidermal redness, swelling, heat or pain

109
Q

Stage 2 ulcer is

A

par0al thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis or both. Blister or superficial break in the epidermis w/dis0nct edges &
surrounded by an area of redness

110
Q

stage 3 ulcer is

A

full thickness skin loss involving damage of subcutaneous 0ssue, may or may not be infected, could be covered w/eschar

111
Q

stage 4 ulcer is

A

full thickness skin loss w/extensive destruc0on. Extends to muscle &/or bone, may or may not be infected

112
Q

w/ intraabdominal bleed see

A

Cullen sign

113
Q

Cullen sign looks like

A

bluish periumbilical color occurs w/ intraabdominal bleed -

114
Q

Rebound Tenderness - McBurney’s Point is associated with

A

w/appendicitis

115
Q

Rovsing’s Sign

A

Press deeply for 5 secs in LLQ

• Pain felt in RLQ = + Rovsing’s assoc w/appendicitis

116
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

Seen w/cholecystitis (sonographic Murphy’s) • Palpate at inspiration at liver margin

117
Q

Place hand right thigh & push down as pt raises leg is known as

A

Iliopsoas Muscle test

118
Q

Iliopsoas Muscle test indicative of

A

Pain in RLQ = +iliopsoas assoc w/ inflamed appendix

119
Q

Flex r leg at hip & knee, rotate leg internally & externally is known as

A

Obturator test

120
Q

Obturator test is indicative of

A

Pain in hypogastric area = + Obturator sign assoc w/ ruptured appendix or pelvic abscess

respiratory and cardiac (3 decks)

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