Questions I Got Wrong Flashcards by Peter Dingsdale

When an A particle is EMITTED the atomic mass changes by ?
A-zero
B -minus 4
C-plus 4
D-minus 2

B-minus 4

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When a B particle is EMITTED the atomic NUMBER changes by 
A-minus 1
B-Zero 
C-minus 2
D-plus 2

D-plus 2

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When an A particle is Emitted the atomic NUMBER changes by,
A-zero
B-minus 4 
C-minus 2
D-plus 2

C-minus 2

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In X-Ray radiation,  intensity is proportionate to .....
A-tube current 
B-tube voltage
C-filament current 
D-Source to focus to film Distance

A-tube current

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The supply of electrons , tube filament is increased by …..

A-increasing the Tube voltage
B-increasing the filament current.

B- Filament current

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The factors that determine effective or projective focus size in an X ray tube are :-

A- The diameter of the berylium window and the diameter of the tungsten target.
B- diameter of the electron beam and the angle of the tungsten target with respect to electron beam .
C- the diameter of the Berylium window and the tungsten target with respect to the window
D- The diameter of the electron beam and the diameter of the tungsten target.

B - Diameter of the Electron beam and the angle of the tungsten target with respect to the electron beam .

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An electron …..

Carries an electric charge that is equal and opposite to that of a proton.

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A beta particle is a high velocity ……

A-neutron
B-helium nucleus
C-electron
D-proton

C- Electron

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Compared to X Rays are Gamma rays ,, light ..

A-has longer wavelength and lower Frequency
B-has lower wavelength and higher frequency
C-has shorter wavelength and lower frequency
D-Travels faster

A- Has longer wavelength and higher frequency.

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Fixing time should be ..
A- 4 minutes 
B- twice  the clearing time 
C- 2 minutes
D- Equal to Dev time

B - Twice the clearing time

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Salt or flouro metallic screens have a coating containing ….

A-Sodium iodide
B-Silver Bromide
C-Calcium Tungstate
D-Zinc Sulphide

C-Calcium Tungstate

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Scratches on a LEAD screen will produce :-

A-Dark images on the film
B-Light images on a film
D-Sometimes B , usually A

D - Sometimes B , Usualy A

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Inherent Unsharpness will INCREASE if :-

A- a fine grain instead of an Ultra fine grain film is used.
B-The radiation source is changed from iridium 192 and COBOLT 60
C-The effective physical side to the radiation is increased .
D-Both A and B

D- Both A and B

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Duplex IQI’s are used to :-

A- Measure Unsharpness
B- measure rad sensitivity
C- measure effective source size
D- to measure contrast.

A-To measure Unsharpness

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Radiographic contrast will be reduced if :-

A- Film density is increased from 2.0 to 2.5
B- A fine grain film is substituted with an ultrafine grain film.
C- The source to film distance is decreased.
D- The base fog level of the rad film is increased.

D- The base fog level of the rad film is increased

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Average grain size of a fine grain film is :-

1 Micron

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The main ingredient of Developer is :-

A-Oxidizing agent
B-Reducing agent
C-Acid
D-None of the above

B-Reducing agent

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Lead screen decreases exposure time by :-

A- A factor of 10 or 12 at radiation energies exceeding 120 Kv
B- A factor of 5 or 6 at radiation energies exceeding 120 Kv
C- A factor of 4 or 5 at radiation energies exceeding 120 Kv
D- A factor of 2 or 3 at radiation energies exceeding 120 Kv

D- A factor of 2 or 3 at radiation energies exceeding 120 Kv

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At the same tube voltage , the radiation produced by a constant potential X Ray unit compared with that produced by a similar self rectified unit is :-

A- Softer
B- The same
C- Double
D- Harder

D-Harder

When a B particle is EMITTED , the Atomic MASS changes by:-

A-Zero
B- Plus 1
C- Minus 1
D- Minus 2

A-Zero

If the transmitted light intensity through part of a radiography that has a density of 2.0 is 90 candela per square meter ( cd/m2) How much light will be transmitted at a location where the film density is 3.0 if all other factors stay the same ?

A- 30 cd/m2
B- 9 cd/m2
C- 0.9 cd/m2
D- 60 cd/m2

B- 9 cd/m2

An exposure chart for Iridium 192 that has been constructed for SFD=500mm gives an exposure of 100 ci- min for 25mm of steel . The spec calls for a minimum SFD = 800mm. If all factors remain equal , what exposure is needed at the specified minimum SFD?

A- 160 Ci-min
B- 62.5 Ci min
C- 39.1 Ci min
D-256 Ci min

D- 256 Ci-mi

With which type of intensifying screen is the main intensifying effect due to the emission of secondary electrons….

A- Salt Screens
B-Flurometalic
C-Lead Screens
D-All of the above

C - Lead Screen

The nucleus of any Atom other than hydrogen contains :-

A-Protons and electrons
B-Neutrons and Protons
C-Protons , Neutrons and Electrons
D-Alpha , Beta and Gamma particles.

B- Protons and Neutrons

Crimping a film - Lead screen combination before exposure typically causes :- A- Dark crescent shaped film marks B-Light crescent shaped film marks

B - Light crescent shaped film marks

The Major cause of scatter up to a radiation energy of 0.6 MEV IS ? A- Photo electric effect B- Pair production

A-Photoelectric effect

The major cause of scatter ABOVE 6 MeV is .... A- Photo electric B- Pair production

B - Pair Production

Calculate geometric Unsharpness for single wall single image photography of a weld in 60mm thick steel plate for an effective source size of 3mm and a source to film distance of 720mm. A-0.25mm B-0.30mm C-0.24mm D-0.27mm

D-0.27mm

In the photo electric effect ,the X Ray photon :- A- Transferes all of its energy to an orbital electron with the remainder continuing as a lower energy X Ray photon B- Transferes all its energy to an orbital electron C- Transferes all its energy to an atomic nucleus amusing the emission of a Beta particle D- converts to an electron :- Positron pair .

B - Transfers all its energy to an orbital electron

The Si unit of absorbed dose is the A- Bequerel B- Sievert C- Grey D-Roetengen

C-Grey

A good radiography is produced with an exposure of 25mA mins at a focus to film distance (FFD) of 400mm . If the FFD is increased to 850mm and all the other factors remain equal , the exposure required to produce a good radiograph will be :- A-100mA mins B-113mA mins C-53 mA mins D-91 mA mins

B-113 mA mins

As Gamma radiation passes through an absorber , there is a reduction in radiation intensity. The mathematical relationship between absorber thickness and transmitted intensity is :- A- Exponential B- parabolic C-Linear D-sinosoidal

A- Exponensial

If the effective focus size = 4mm, The OFD = 35mm and the FFD = 750mm ,,,,,,What is the geometric Unsharpness that has been obtained ? A-0.196 mm B-0.200 mm C-0.125 mm D-0.187 mm

A-0.196mm

In X Ray radiography , which of the following factors does not affect half value thickness? A - Kilovoltage ( tube voltage ) B- Type of material C- miliamperage ( tube current ) D- none of the above

C- Mili amperage

Relative movement , exposure geometry, type of film , type intensifying screens , screen contact and film development all have an effect on :- A- definition B- contrast C- both A and B D- Exposure time

A-definition

He output of a gamma ray isotope is :- A - The total amount of radiation emitted in 10 half lives . B - The dose rate per Currie at one meter from the source. C - The dose rate at one meter from the source. D - The total amount of radiation emitted in one half life

B- The dose rate per Currie at one meter from the source

Film contrast depends on :- A - The type of film , film density , type of developer , development time and the Dev temperature . B - X Ray Kilovoltage C - Material D - All of the above

An alternative to the terminology ' inherent Unsharpness ' is :- A - Penumbra B - film Unsharpness C - geometric Unsharpness D- all of the above

B - Film Unsharpness

Subject contrast is not affected by :- A - X Ray Kilovoltage B - Type of material C - Scatter D - Type of film

D - Type of Film

``` How many neutrons in a helium nucleus? A-4 B-1 C-3 D-2 ```

D-2

If the specified maximum geometric Unsharpness is 0.25mm and the effective source dimension is 2.3mm , what minimum source to film distance is required for SWSI radiography of a 45mm thick butt weld in flat plate? A- 414mm B-459mm C-503mm D-519mm

B- 459mm | don't forget to add the 45mm on to the 414mm

A Radiographic technique, using an exposure of 10mAmin, produces a film density of 1.5 , where a film density of 2.3 is required. A film characteristic curve is available which gives a LOGERITHMIC relative value of 1.2 for ( density = 1.5) with a corresponding value of 1.8 for ( density=2.3 ). Thus the acceptable minimum film density should be achieved with an exposure of: A-33.33 mAmin B-15.17 mAmin C-40.00mAmin D-20.00mAmin

C-40.00 mAmin

BSEN 462-1 specifies wire type IQIs covering a total of how many material groups? A-2: Fe,Al B-4:Fe,Al,Cu,Ti C-4,Fe,Al,Cu,Ni D-6:Fe,Al,Cu,Ti,Ni,Zn

B-4:Fe,Al,Cu,Ti FACT!!!

The minimum length of a wire element in an IQI IS : A-10mm B-25mm C-30mm D-40mm

A-10mm

For unexposed film ,,,, BSEN 1763-1 specifies a maximum fog density of: A- Zero B-0.1 C-0.2 D-0.3

D-0.3

3 properties of the radiation used for NDE radiography are: A-Flourecence , ionisation , penetration B-Penetration, chemical effect, fluorescence C- penetration , chemical effect, travels in straight lines D- chemical effect , ionisation , travels in straight lines C-

C - penetration , chemical effect , travels in straight lines.

The radiation spectrum produced by an X Ray source is A - continuous ---all wavelengths represented over a wide range B -Discrete --- made up of several specific wavelengths C- either a or b D- none of the above

A- continuous ,, all wavelengths represented over a wide range