Questions from test Flashcards
What is the title of the person trying a case for the State?
A prosecutor
What does CAP stand for?
College of American Pathologists
What does AAFS stand for?
American Academy of Forensic Sciences
What is the molecular weight of Ethanol? Chemical Formula
46 g/mol C2H6O or CH3CH2OH
What is used to differentiate between L- and D- Amphetamine/Methamphetamine?
Derivatization
What entity oversees/has jurisdiction over safety eyewash and emergency showers in the laboratory?
OSHA or Occupational Safety and Health Administration
What is the wavelength span range of UV light?
between 100 nanometers (nm) and 400 nm
What is the wavelength span range of visible light?
between 400 nanometers (nm) and 700 nanometers (nm)
What is the wavelength span range of IR light?
between 780 nanometers (nm) and 1 millimeter (mm)
What are the two classic laws of absorptiometry?
A method of chemical analysis in which a sample of a substance is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, and the amount of radiation absorbed by the sample is measured.
What color test is Trinder’s reagent used for?
to detect the presence of salicylates; turns purple
In an immunoassay, which drug can cause false positives for oxymorphone?
Oxycodone, naloxone and naltrexone
What are the detectors that can be used with HPLC?
Ultraviolet (UV) , fluorescence, electrochemical, conductivity , and mass spectrometry (MS) detectors
Name the order of parts/components of an HPLC?
Solvent reservoir(s), degasser, pump, autosampler (sample injector), column (stationary phase), detector, data acquisition system
What is reverse phase chromatography, and what drugs would elute first?
where a non-polar stationary phase is used, meaning that more polar molecules in a sample will interact less with the column and elute first, while more hydrophobic (non-polar) molecules will be retained longer and elute last; the most polar drugs would elute first because they have the least affinity for the non-polar stationary phase.
What is normal phase chromatography, and what drugs would elute first?
stationary phase is polar (like silica gel) and the mobile phase is non-polar, meaning that in a mixture, the least polar compounds will elute first, while more polar compounds will elute later in the chromatography run; therefore, in normal phase chromatography, the drugs with the least polarity would elute first.
What are the 5 types of immunoassays?
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Enzyme-Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT)
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA)
Cloned Enzyme Donor Immunoassay (CEDIA)
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
What is the biggest outcome of cross-reactivity in immunoassays? (false positives…why?)
the generation of inaccurate results, most commonly manifesting as false positive results, where the assay detects a substance that is not the target analyte due to its structural similarity, leading to misinterpretation of the test outcome
What is the definition of pKa, in relation to the balance of acidic and basic compounds in a solution?
The acid dissociation constant (Ka) of a solution is pKa, the negative base-10 logarithm. The pKa value is one method of determining an acid’s strength. A lower pKa value denotes a more powerful acid. For example, a lower number indicates that the acid dissociates more entirely in water.
What is standard deviation?
measures how widely spread data points are
What is the definition and measurement of precision?
how close a set of measurements are to each other, indicating the consistency and repeatability of a measurement, regardless of whether they are close to the true value (accuracy)
What is Quality Assurance?
a set of procedures that ensure the reliability of data and accuracy of results in toxicological studies
What are the factors of Quality control?
Personnel: Qualifications of the personnel involved
Laboratory: Layout and safety of the laboratory
Equipment: Requirements for the technical appliances
Samples: Requirements for sample collection, transport, receipt, and storage
Analytical methods: Selection of analytical methods
Result review: Review of results by experienced personnel
Reporting: Reporting formats
Quality control: Internal quality control and participation in external quality assessment schemes
Understand the concept of using dilutions to get a specific concentration from a stock solution.
C1V1=C2V2
Draw a Gaussian curve and define “normal distribution”, including the empirical rule for percentages of standard deviations from the mean.
68% of data falls within 1 standard deviation of the mean: This means that roughly 68% of data points lie between “Mean - 1SD” and “Mean + 1SD” on the curve.
95% of data falls within 2 standard deviations of the mean: Approximately 95% of data points are between “Mean - 2SD” and “Mean + 2SD”.
99.7% of data falls within 3 standard deviations of the mean: Nearly all data points (99.7%) are situated between “Mean - 3SD” and “Mean + 3SD”.
What compound is used to tune a mass spec?
The compound most commonly used to tune a mass spectrometer is perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA)