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Immunology > Questions from screenshots from previous year > Flashcards

Questions from screenshots from previous year Flashcards

1
Q

What defines T cell as conventional ?

A

receptors

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2
Q

What is the role of innate lymphocyte 3?

A

maintains inflammation

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3
Q

What antibodies pass through the placenta of swine?

A

none

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of SLE?
- muscle atrophy
- eye symptoms
- both
- neither

A

neither
SLE = Systemic lupus erythematosus

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5
Q

What antibody is able of ADCC?

A

IgG

ADCC - antibody-dependent cellular toxicity

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6
Q

What is Coombs test?

A

specific form of agglutination

The Coombs test checks your blood for antibodies that attack red blood cells. Positive direct Coombs test means you have antibodies that act against your red blood cells

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7
Q

Why do we use adjuvants vaccines?

A

they can enhance inflammation

An adjuvant is an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in patients receiving the vaccine

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8
Q

Which disease can be detected with AGID?

A

equine infectious anaemia

The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test detects circulating antibodies to type A influenza group-specific antigens, namely the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and matrix (M) proteins

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9
Q

How is the complement system activated in case of extracellular bacteria?

A

all three can be activated:
- classical pathway
- alternative pathway
- lectin pathway

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10
Q

How to treat autoimmune disease?

A

anti-inflammatory drugs can help

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11
Q

Which of the following plays an important role in the development of oral tolerance?
NK-cells, γδ T cells, neither, both

A

γδ T cells

Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells that express a unique T-cell receptor (TCR) composed of one γ-chain and one δ-chain. Gamma delta T cells are of low abundance in the body, are found in the gut mucosa, skin, lungs and uterus, and are involved in the initiation and propagation of immune responses.

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12
Q

How does tumor cell escape the immune response?
- produces IL-3
- inhibits apoptosis by the decoy receptor
- demarcates itself with connective tissue
- all three

A

all three can be

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13
Q

Why does oral tolerance develop?
- so the body does not react with the microbiota
- so the body does not react with the food
- both
- neither

A

both

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14
Q

How much antibody passes through the mice’s placenta?

A

IgG, 100%

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15
Q

What is NOT a possible types of pemphigus?
- pemphigus foliaceus
- bullous pemphigois
- pemphigus vulgaris
- all of them is a type of pemphigus

A

all of them is a type of pemphigus

Pemphigus is a disease that causes blistering of the skin and the inside of the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals. Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks cells in the top layer of the skin (epidermis) and the mucous membranes

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16
Q

The dendritic cell can recognize antigen on the mucosa…

A

from antigens presented by M cells

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17
Q

What immune response do Th2 cells enhance?

A

humoral

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18
Q

What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in immunology?

A

can be used in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of polyclonal antibodies?
- it is specific for a single epitope of the antigen
- it is produced by several types of lymphocyte clones
- the possibility of cross-reaction is high
- a hypersensitivity reaction can occur

A

it is specific for a single epitope of the antigen

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20
Q

What do we use to diagnose rabies?

A

IF

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21
Q

Which can be a BCR? IgA, IgM, both, neither?

A

IgM

The B cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction moiety.

22
Q

Which of the following tumor immunotherapies, is “personalized”?
- therapies targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors
- chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy
- cytokine therapy
- none of the above

A

chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy

23
Q

What chains does TCR2 have?

A

1 alpha, 1 beta

24
Q

How does a tumor cell escape the immune response?

A

acitvates regulatory cells

25
Q

What pathogens’ characteristic is efferocytosis?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

Although mechanistically similar to the phagocytic clearance of pathogens, efferocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that it is immunologically silent and induces a tissue repair response.

26
Q

Why is it recommended to separate puppy from its mother later?

A

because of the immunological window

27
Q

Which cell provide the most effective protection against viruses?

A

Tc-cells

28
Q

Why are antibodies important in case of intracellular pathogens?

A

they neutralize pathogen so that it does not enter the cell

29
Q

What is the characteristic of natural immunity?

A

the antibody has low avidity and the antigen is evolutionally conservative

30
Q

What are the properties of carcinogenesis?

A

substances predisposing tumorogenesis

31
Q

Which is true about process of homing during mucosal immunity?
- migration
- retinoic acid is involved
- both, none

A

both are true

32
Q

Where is the paratop?

A

at the C-terminal part of antibody

33
Q

Where are B cells activated?

A

in the cortical part of lymph node

34
Q

What cells are called double negative T cells?

A

which dont have CD4 and CD8 co-receptors

35
Q

Why is the AIRE gene important?

A

helps to eliminate self-reacting T and B cells

36
Q

What is ABR test?

A

detection of Brucella abortus antibody in the fresh milk

37
Q

What is the site of haemotopoiesis in fetal age

A

bone marrow + fetal spleen + fetal liver

38
Q

What role can antibodies NOT have against extracellular bacteria?

A

answer (but false): the can activate the classical pathway of complement system

correct information: opsonization, Tc-cells ativation, neutralization of toxins

39
Q

The dendritic cell can recognize antigen on mucosa

A

from antigens presented by M cells

40
Q

What process precedes efferocytosis?

A

apoptosis

41
Q

What kind of cell is a plasmacytoid dendritic cell?
- has a common ancestor with dendritic cells
- it looks like a plasma cell
- both, neither

A

neither

42
Q

Dendritic cells can recognize antigen on the mucosa by:

A

they reach into the lumen and pick it up from there

43
Q

How do mature but unactivated T cells arrive in the lymph node?

A

through HEV

High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized post-capillary venules characterized by plump endothelial cells as opposed to the usual flatter endothelial cells found in regular venules. HEVs enable lymphocytes circulating in the blood to directly enter a lymph node

44
Q

What is needed to activate sleeping T cells?

A

co-stimulation of APC and antigen

45
Q

What is the role of M cell?

A

introduces antigens from the lumen in unchanged form into the Payer’s plaque

46
Q

What does the term immunological bridge mean?

A

memory cells produced on the mucosa also appear on all mucous membranes in the skin

47
Q

Why colostrum is important in calves?

A

from it calf receives maternal IgG

48
Q

What is the conventional B cell?

A

B2-B cell

49
Q

Why are antibodies important in case of intracellular pathogens?

A

they neutralize the pathogen so that it does not enter the cell

50
Q

What cell provides the most effective protection ag viruses

A

NK-cells

51
Q

What characterizes IgM

A

first antibody to appear

52
Q

Where does B cell mature?

A

bone marrow and spleen

Immunology (9 decks)

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