Questions from mock exams

Question 1

Which disease primarily affects women - primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis?

Answer 1

Primary biliary cirrhosis - 90% of those affected are women.

Question 2

What is the most common type of bladder cancer?

Answer 2

• Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 3

What test is commonly used to evaluate myasthenia gravis?

Answer 3

Tensilon test.

Question 4

What histological sign is CMV associated with?

Answer 4

• “owl’s eye” intranuclear inclusions.

Question 5

What test is commonly used to evaluate Paget’s disease?

Answer 5

• Alkaline phosphatase.

Question 6

Are staphylococcus and streptococcus gram -ve or +ve?

Answer 6

Gram +ve

Question 7

What is the symptom commonly associated with endocarditis that is easily forgotten about?

Answer 7

• Haematuria.

Question 8

When treating cystitis, what is used when the infection is complicated?

Answer 8

• Use nitrofurantonin or a quinoline antibiotic instead.

Question 9

What will be present in the blood film of a patient with EBV?

Answer 9

Abnormal monocytes.

Question 10

What is the first line treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura?

Answer 10

Corticosteroids

Question 11

What can basal bilateral crepitations indicate?

Answer 11

• Infection

- Oedema

Question 12

What are the two most common infections seen in bronchiectasis?

Answer 12

• Haemophilius influenza

- Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 13

What does a lentiform shape on a brain MRI suggest?

Answer 13

Extradural haemorrhage.

Question 14

Which cancer is least likely to metastasise to the bone?

Answer 14

Skin cancer.

Question 15

What is the genetic abnormality associated with CML?

Answer 15

• Philadelphia chromosome.

- 9 and 22 translocation.

Question 16

What is Legionella pneumophilia associated with?

Answer 16

• Aerosolised water inhalation.

Question 17

What does INR measure? What is the therapeutic range?

Answer 17

• INR measures extrinsic coagulation (uses PT).

- INR therapeutic range is 2-3.

Question 18

What does SIADH cause in terms of electrolyte balance and blood volume?

Answer 18

• Normovolaemic hyponatraemia.

Question 19

What comminly causes hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?

Answer 19

• Excessive fluid loss eithere from kidneys or due to vomiting/diarrhoea.

Question 20

When does the post-partum baby check take place?

Answer 20

6-8 weeks.

Question 21

How does a duodenal ulcer differ from a gastric ulcer?

Answer 21

• Duodenal. Pain better while eating and worse 3-5 hours after. Therefore can cause weight gain.
• Peptic. Pain worse while eating and for 1-2 hours after. Therefore can cause weight loss.

Question 22

What is the first line scan used for kidney stones?

Answer 22

• Non-contrast CT (contrast is not needed for most kidney stones).

Question 23

Which kidney stones are radiolucent?

Answer 23

Uric acid stones.

Question 24

Which kidney stones are the most common?

Answer 24

Calcium oxalate stones.

Question 25

What common lower urinary tract disorder is haematuria NOT a symptom of?

Answer 25

BPH

Question 26

What is the clinical presentation of minimal change disease?

Answer 26

• Proteinuria (due to glomerular damage).
• Hypoalbuminaemia (due to protein loss).
• Peripheral oedema (due to albumin loss).

Question 27

What electrolyte imbalance is a common complication of AKI?

Answer 27

• Hyperkalaemia.

Question 28

What are the stages of CKD?

Answer 28

Stage 1 >90
Stage 2 60-89
Stage 3a 45-59
Stage 3b 30-44
Stage 4 15-29
Stage 5 <15