Questions Failed Flashcards
Where in the project life cycle will the overall project be the lowest in a project development approach?
In a project development approach, overall risks increase over time and then will be lowest at the closing stage of the project.
Risk at the start of the project is not a true reflection of the overall project risk.
It’s important to note that despite overall risk being lowest at project closure, the impact of a risk at project closure is more serious than at any other time.
A project manager is creating a schedule. Which three actions should the project manager take?
- Identify Project Activities
- Estimate activity durations
- Identify the activity dependencies
These activities are typical of the execution of the schedule management plan, which results in a schedule
Where will the project manager record details about the deliverables, activities, and scheduling information for each component of work?
The WBS is a document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the work breakdown structure (WBS). In a work package, which is the part of the WBS that contains the most granular level of detail, the work is defined, and cost and duration are estimated and managed. The dictionary provides details about the WBS, which is the information the project manage is looking for.
Using a predictive development approach, how can the project team plan the iterations based on the existing WBS?
- Translate the content of the work package into user stories and place them on product backlog.
Projects can change development approach at any time, and incorporating a different way of planning is possible if you understand the similarities and differences between project planning using a WBS and agile planning techniques.
The work planned in the WBS, specifically in the work package level, should be converted
An agile project team is working with a very busy key stakeholder, who does not respond to emails and communications right away.
How can the team align this stakeholder with the project team’s way of working?
Invite the key stakeholder to the iteration review meetings.
Inviting stakeholders to the iteration reviews aligns with the agile way of working, allowing them to be updated frequently and directly and giving them the opportunity to provide immediate feedback.
A junior team member joined a team working in a Scrum environment. The project team is coaching the new team member and has delegated the simplest tasks for planning the next iteration.
Which two tasks should the junior team member complete?
- Assist in prioritizing tasks based on their dependencies
- Update the iteration backlog as tasks are completed or changed
The junior team member can help to prioritize tasks and update the iteration backlog, as directed by the team. These are the simplest tasks on this list.
A company is exploring a new mobile technology to improve a business process. Which is a key output of the business analyst’s investigation?
- Situation Statement
Once the problem or opportunity is understood, the situation statement should be drafted documenting the needs or the opportunity to be explored.
A business analyst is working on a complex software initiative for a financial institution. The stakeholders approve a project and create a project charter. The assigned project manager decides on an agile development approach.
Which statement describes the kind of work this business analyst can look forward to on this project?
- Act as a liaison between stakeholders and development teams, facilitating communication and collaboration.
In agile methodologies, such as the Scrum framework, business analysts play a crucial role in bridging the gap between stakeholders (including business owners, product owners and end-users) and the development teams. Facilitating communication and collaboration between stakeholders and development teams is a fundamental role of a business analyst in agile. Business analysts help ensure that requirements are understood by the development team, provide clarification, and gather feedback from stakeholders to refine requirements as the project progresses.
A software development project with a fixed budget and tight schedule is in the execution phase. The project team identified a potential security vulnerability in the software that could lead to data breaches if not addressed promptly. This vulnerability was not initially identified during the project planning phase.
What is the best way to categorize the security vulnerability in this scenario?
- A risk because it poses a potential threat to the project’s success. Nothing has happened yet. If something happens- for example, the software is hacked - the risk becomes an issue that poses an immediate threat to the project’s success.
Risks are potential future events or conditions that may impact the project and may be known or unknown and appear at any time.
Issues are real, current problems.
What are the project life cycle categories?
- Predictive, adaptive, and hybrid
Projects can have predictive, adaptive, and hybrid life cycles.
A project manager is creating an artifact that includes a sequence with categories of feasibility, design, build, test, deploy, and close.
- Life cycle phases
Feasibility, design, build, test, deploy, and close are typical groupings of work toward a development goal.
A professional working in an international bank oversees a few projects and is responsible for ensuring that together, the projects deliver benefits aligned with company strategy. What is this individual’s role?
- A program manager oversees this work.
A program is a group of related projects managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually. Program management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to meet program requirements.
A project manager with an approved project charter has already identified and analyzed the stakeholders. It is time to define the scope.
Which two key elements should the project manager discover or consider next to help define the scope?
- End User Needs
- Business Requirements
The most important factors to consider when defining the project scope are the needs of the end users and the business. This is because the project scope should be aligned with the needs of the people who will be using the project deliverables. The end users are the people who will be interacting with the product or service on a daily bases, so their needs are critical to the success of the project. The requirements of the business are also important to consider when defining the project scope. The business needs to be able to use the product or service to achieve its goals.
A project manager is leading a project that is large, complex, and has numerous stakeholders. The project manager instructs a team member to quickly determine which stakeholders hold the most power, have the most legitimate reasons for being on the project, and have immediate needs for communication and collaboration.
- Salience Model
The salience model is a way to assess stakeholders using the three elements of power, legitimacy, and urgency. Power refers to the stakeholder’s level of authority, legitimacy refers to how appropriate their involvement is, and urgency refers to how immediate their needs are. Maybe they have a time constraint or prefer to have constant communication, for example.
A project manager is planning a project to develop a heat-tolerant battery system for a solar installation. The next steps is using the cost of quality (COQ) method to analyze the investment in terms of quality.
Which are three possible examples of this project manager’s actions? (Choose 3)
- Determine annual cost of using the current battery system, including internal and external failure costs
- Obtain an appraisal for the cost of achieving the required quality of heat tolerance for the battery
- Calculate the future annual cost of maintaining the upgraded battery system.
The cost of quality (COQ) methodology is used to find the appropriate balance for investing in quality: prevention, appraisal, internal failure, and external failure. Prevention and appraisal costs are associated with the cost of compliance of quality requirements. Internal and external failure costs are associated with the cost of noncompliance.
A project team is preparing for the launch of a deep-water scuba dive project. It is an extremely complex project involving many risks. Therefore, the project sponsor would like to receive updates twice per week on the risks and how the team will deal with them if they arise.
Which document should the project team develop during the planning phase to show this information?
- Risk Report
The risk report presents information on sources of overall project risk, along with summary information on identified individual project risks. The risk report is developed progressively during the project. Here is where the project manager can look for the current information on identified risks to update the project sponsor.
A project is finally coming to an end after 36 months. Project closure tasks are on the agenda of the current team meeting. A team member is assigned the task of preparing for the transition of the product into the environment.
Which action will this team member perform first?
- Prepare the customer to receive the deliverables successfully.
The transition is the handover from the project team to the customer. Before the outcomes or deliverables are handed to the customer, the customer should be prepared to receive them successfully.
Team motivation seems low during a high-stress project for a significant event launch. Team members are arguing constantly, and conflicts are growing more serious.
Which need from Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs pyramid should the project manager consult to identify a solution?
- Love and Belonging
This team needs a better sense of social belonging and nurture, or love. When a team is working under stressful conditions, social ties can deteriorate, so this team dynamic should be cared for. Safety and security have to do with people feeling that they are secure with their jobs.
Which role authorizes an agile project?
- Project sponsor
The project sponsor authorizes a project in any type of development approach, wether predictive, adaptive, or hybrid.
A project to upgrade the lights on a highway to solar-powered modules has completed the testing phase. During testing, the project team determined that the battery storage capacity was insufficient. If the weather is cloudy for 2 days, the lights malfunction, creating dangerous driving conditions. The cost of increasing the battery capacity is almost the total amount of the project budget.
Which role can help this team and how?
- The project sponsor can authorize more funding once the team escalates the issue for help.
The solution to this issue is achieving a substantial funding increase to fix the problem; the project sponsor is the only choice.
A project manager has been informed that an external auditor is going to conduct a quality audit on a project beginning the following week.
What should the project manager expect from this audit?
- An examination of whether the project follows the project governance documents and organizational policies and procedures.
Quality audits are conducted to ensure that the project activities comply with the organizational and project processes, policies, and procedures.
Which tool can a project team use during execution of a project to monitor problems?
- Issue Log
An issue log is used to register and follow up on issues that might arise during execution and activities are assigned to owners to resolve them.
An agile software development team is building an ecommerce website. After just a few iterations, stakeholders start seeing valuable features on the website.
Which two options best explain how this team is achieving early value delivery?
- Integrating customer feedback after each iteration
- Incremental delivery
The strategy of incremental delivery adopted by the agile team offers early tangible results, leading to early value realization.
The incremental delivery approach which incorporates customer feedback after each iteration is the primary reason for early returns.
A project team is in the middle of an iteration, and the probability of a known serious risk developing into an issue has increased. The product owner is overseas on holiday.
What should the team do first?
- Raise the problem during the daily standup and discuss it later.
Agile teams are self-organizing. The team should be able to discuss the problem-solving techniques to find a solution. The way to do this raise the issue during the daily standup or coordination meeting and then discuss it and work on solution later; issues are not resolves at daily standup or coordination or standup meetings, but that is where they are raised. The solution becomes a part of their work, so the team should prioritize finding that solution and never ignore it. If they can’t find a solution, then they can escalate the issue to the project sponsor. The product owner is responsible for looking after the value of the product or service in development.
How do project teams gather diverse perspectives and insights from team members for in-depth discussions, idea generation, and issue resolution during a project?
- Conduct retrospective meetings
Retrospectives are opportunities to examine team performance and practices. Participation typically involves project team members, not stakeholders. Standup or coordination meetings, also known as daily scrum meetings, are a problem-solving and communication tools commonly used by an agile project team. The purpose of standup or coordination meetings is to facilitate short, focused, and daily discussions among team members to share progress updates and identify issues or roadblocks.
A project manager has been trying to clarify requirements that have been elicited from a diverse group of stakeholders, but there are direct conflicts in the priorities expressed about the requirements.
Which two tools or techniques an be helpful in solving this problem?
- Focus Group
- Interviews
Because requirements should be as clear as possible; the project manager needs to keep working with these stakeholders to find some common ground. A focus group or interviews can foster a deeper understanding of the individual stakeholder needs.
A project manager has just finished identifying and analyzing the project stakeholders. Now, the project manager is preparing to meet with the key stakeholder for the first time to clarify a few of the requirements that were elicited by the business analyst.
Which of the following should help the project manager have a successful meeting?
- A private meeting room
A face-to-face meeting is the most effective kind of meeting. To facilitate this, a private meeting room where this can take place is the best choice.
A project manager in a company is leading a project to implement artificial intelligence (AI) systems in a company’s customer service portal. The project manager works closely with the product manager of the customer service portal and the functional manager of the employees in the customer service dept. Many of these employees are also members of the project team performing the implementation.
The project is performing well and integration into the dept’s process is predicted to be smooth. Which type of organizational structure does this company have?
- Balanced Matrix
In a balanced matrix, the project manager and functional manager share power and resources (team members)
An organization with a matrix structure has a virtual global workforce. The CEO wants automated language translation service powered by artificial intelligence (AI) integrated into the company’s IT systems within the next 6 months.
The project manager has a few concerns while conducting an assumptions, constraints, and risk analysis. Luckily, the project manager determines that the following two assumptions are true and the single constraint is the 6-month timeline.
-The translation technology is “plug-and-play.”
-Our IT team is capable of integrating and maintaining the tech
Is this project suitable for a predictive approach?
- Yes, because it has a clear timeline and scope.
Work suited for prediticve projects should have a clear scope, requirements, and timeline. It also fine to start predictive projects with known risks, issues assumptions, or constraints. In a plan-based approach, the project manager will deal with each of these project aspects using a framework.
Which three are examples of activities included in stakeholder engagement?
- Classify groups by their level of interest or influence
- Create the responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed (RACI) matrix
- Determine the required level of access to project information
Stakeholder engagement includes all the activities associated with keeping appropriate levels of contact, or engagement with all stakeholders about project tasks, goals, and desired outcomes. The team’s strategy of engaging stakeholders is essential to answering important questions and determining the type of engagement required to deliver a final product or service that satisfies their needs. The type of engagement and level of access to information are then detailed in the communications management plan. Stakeholders are classified according to their level of interest or influence and power to aid in the ongoing engagement.
Which three are components of a project budget?
- Cost Estimates
- Management Reserve
- Contingency Reserve
Cost estimates and the management and contingency reserves are components of a project budget.
On a project to develop a customer service system, the project manager is creating the scope management plan.
Which three of the following statements are true about the scope management plan?
- It will be impacted by other parts of the project planning such as the communications management plan.
- It documents how scope will be iterated and controlled
- It may be based on organizational forms or templates
The scope management plan describes how to conduct the scope management process and it is impacted by other project management processes. This plan must include items such as how the work breakdown structure (WBS) will be created and how the scope of work will be accomplished measured. Typically, organizations already have templates and forms related to the scope management plan. Changes to the scope are possible using the Perform Integrated Change Control process, and the requirements management plan describes how to prioritize scope requirements.
Which statement about contract control is correct?
Contracts should include procedures to accomodate changes. Project changes are typically due to a change in the factors surrounding the project. The need for change might occur in any project regardless of the type of contract. Typically, changes provide benefits to the project. More analysis may decrease the need for changes but will not eliminate their causes.
A project team wants to keep the executive project sponsor and other executive stakeholders informed about the project timeline without overwhelming them with details.
Which two schedule formats are suitable for this purpose? (Choose 2)
- Milestone Chart
- Roadmap
Milestone charts and roadmaps both provide high-level timeline data suitable for demonstrating the project schedule for stakeholders.
Which term describes the structure or arrangement of content in the work breakdown structure (WBS)?
- Hierarchical
The WBS is a hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables. Each level of detail of the deliverable and the work required to produce it. The WBS can be in graphical format, as in a chart, or it can be an outlines list. Either way, it should order work from larger to smaller pieces, as in a hierarchy.
A project manager is trying to determine which project deliverables and processes are subject to strict compliance requirements or auditing. Which project document should the project manager review?
- Quality Management Plans
The quality management plan is a component of the project management plan and it determines the project deliverables and processes subject to quality review.
A project to build a bird sanctuary is scheduled to last 5 years and is now entering its second year. The project manager wants to perform an audit on the project to ensure the team is adequately measuring and checking various project constraints, including time, cost, scope, quality, risk and resources.
What should the project manager check?
- Project Controls
Project controls, as the name suggests, help project professionals maintain control over the many aspects of a project. Project controls are a set of tools, techniques, and processes that are used together to help project managers measure and control the six project constraints: time, cost, scope, quality, risk and resources.
A project to resurface a city’s roads and upgrade all the bus stops with solar panels is scheduled to last for 2 yrs. The total budget allocated by the city is US $2 million.
After 6 months, the project manager wants to know the value of the work completed since the start of the project.
Which metric is required?
- Earned Value ( EV)
Earned Value (EV) is the measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.
A construction project has been using a predictive approach. Work has been smooth but stops when the team discovers that the foundation have rotted from an underground stream. The project team was not aware of this before the project started.
The project team has a brainstorming session about how best to continue and one team member suggests using an agile approach to continue the project.
How can an agile approach help this team?
- The project scope can be adjusted easily to reflect the external environmental changes.
Agile development approaches benefit projects that require a flexible scope, or flexible approach to scope. These kinds of projects have a vision with desired outcomes and are driven by identifying how the work can bring value to the organization.
A large organization has a project management office (PMO) and a project-oriented organizational structure. For decades, the PMO has used predictive project management frameworks, but they are now gradually adopting agile approaches for their projects.
Which three organizational process assets (OPAs) from this list will help this team and the organization successfully adopt an agile approach?
- A company culture that promotes a growth mindset
- Communication framework and strategy
- Organization-wide training agile
For this organization to move from using predictive project management frameworks to agile approaches, it will need to rely on organizational process assets (OPAs) that can support agile principles. These include good communication, T-shaped employees who can be allocated easily to project teams, and dedicated agile coach.
A stakeholder wants the project team to start working on some high-priority requirements immediately. The stakeholder gives direction to the project team.
What should the project team do?
- Collaborate with the product owner
Product owners work with their teams daily by providing product feedback and setting direction on the next piece of functionality to be developed/delivered. They also create the backlog for and with the team to help them see how to deliver the highest value without creating waste.
Which method is best suited for gathering detailed requirements for an upcoming iteration?
- User story mapping sessions
User story mapping sessions are specifically designed to break down and provide detailed requirements for upcoming iterations.
Towards the end of a crucial iteration for a finance application , the product owner expresses dissatisfaction with the delivered features. What should the team and product owner prioritize to minimize such discrepancies in the future?
- Establishing and consistently revisiting a clear definition of done (DoD).
The project team and product owner should work toward establishing and consistently revisiting a clear definition of done (DoD). A shared understanding of a complete product or service facilitates alignment between stakeholders.
A project team is finalizing the fifth iteration of a project. On the roadmap, a demo (product demonstration) is scheduled after the next iteration.
Who should be invited to the product demo?
- Any stakeholder whose feedback is relevant
While all the project stakeholders can be involved in a product demonstration meeting, the team should decide which stakeholders can provide relevant and useful feedback.
An agile team creates a kanban board containing five columns. One of the software developers is determining the work in progress (WIP) limit for each column.
What is the purpose of the WIP limit?
- To optimize the team’s overall performance during the project life cycle
In the Kanban method, it is more important to complete work than start new work. There is no value derived from work that is not completed, so the team works together to implement and adhere to the work in progress (WIP) limits at the top of each column, shown in boxes here, allow the team to see how to pull work across the board. When the team has met its WIP limits, the team cannot pull work from the left into the next column. Instead, the team works from the right-most full column and asks, “What do we do as a team to move this work into the next column?” If the WIP limit is set too high, work will become idle and there will be work items for which no one is responsible. Moreover, the WIP limit is too low, people will become idle, all items have been worked on, and some people will have no work.
Which tool or technique allows agile teams to structure the work to be done by listing it in a way that each item can be taken and processed?
- Product Backlog
A product backlog is an ordered list of work to be done. Each item is mainly a user story which is converted by the team into backlog items with requirements to develop.
Halfway through a project, a key supplier informs the team of a 7-day delay in delivering essential materials. Where can the project team look to find out if the project will be delayed?
- The network diagram
The network diagram is a graphical representation of the project activities with the dependencies. The network diagram also conveys the critical path, early start and finish durations, and the late start and finish durations. Looking at this will help the project team determine if the project will be delayed. If that activity has no float, it is a guarantee that the project will be delayed.
