Questions: Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the Role of the Mainframe-Centric Model in Client/Server Computing?
The mainframe-centric model in client/server computing refers to a system where the mainframe (a powerful central computer) performs the bulk of the processing, and the client (a user’s device) only provides input/output. In this model, the client relies heavily on the mainframe to perform tasks. The role of this model is to centralize computing resources, reduce the processing power needed at the client side, and ensure data is stored securely on the mainframe.
Explain Connectivity and Communication Interface Technology in Client/Server Application.
Connectivity in client/server applications is the ability of the client to communicate with the server through a network. It can be done using protocols like TCP/IP.
Communication Interface refers to the software or hardware that allows the client and server to exchange data. Common interfaces include APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) or middleware (software that facilitates communication).
In client/server systems, transmission protocols such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) handle how data is packaged, transmitted, and received across networks. They ensure data reaches the right destination by managing packet flow and error checking.
Explain Peer-to-Peer Architecture.
In peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture, all computers (peers) in the network have equal roles; they share resources directly with each other without a dedicated server. Each peer can act as both a client and a server.
Difference between Client/Server and Peer-to-Peer:
In client/server, there is a clear division: clients request services, and servers provide them.
In peer-to-peer, there is no central server; all devices can both request and provide services.
Draw the diagram of client-server architecture, and what are the advantages of client/server computing?
Advantages of Client/Server computing:
Centralized management of resources and data.
Better security and control because the server manages access.
Easier to upgrade or scale, as the server can handle more clients.
Explain the Shared-Tiered Client/Server Architecture.
In shared-tiered client/server architecture, the application logic is split across different layers or tiers. Typically, there are three:
Client tier: The user interface.
Application tier: The logic and processing.
Database tier: Where the data is stored.
This setup allows each tier to be managed separately, improving scalability and flexibility.
Explain Connectivity and Interoperability in Client/Server
Connectivity is achieved through network protocols like TCP/IP or HTTP, which allow clients and servers to communicate.
Interoperability means different systems and devices (even if they are from different vendors or use different software) can work together. This is achieved using standard protocols and middleware that enable communication between different systems.
Differentiate between Client/Server Architecture and Peer-to-Peer.
In Client/Server architecture, the client makes requests, and the server processes and responds to them. The server is typically more powerful and stores data.
In Peer-to-Peer architecture, each device can act as both a client and a server.
Explain the Three-Level Architecture of Database Management System
A three-level DBMS architecture includes:
External Level: How data is presented to the user (views).
Conceptual Level: The logical structure of the entire database.
Internal Level: How the data is physically stored.
Advantages of DBMS:
Data Integrity: Ensures accuracy and consistency.
Data Security: Protects data from unauthorized access.
Data Independence: Changes in the database do not affect the user’s view.
Disadvantages of DBMS:
Complexity: Requires specialized knowledge to manage.
Cost: Can be expensive to implement and maintain.
What are a few Ways to Improve Performance in Client/Server Computing?
To improve performance in Client/Server computing:
Load Balancing: Distribute tasks evenly across multiple servers to avoid overloading.
Caching: Store frequently accessed data locally on the client or in an intermediate server to reduce access time.
Compression: Reduce the size of data being transmitted to increase speed.
Upgrading Hardware: Use faster servers and networks to speed up data processing.
