Questions CH 1-7

Question 1

The tenets of science are:

Answer 1

determinism, empiricism, replicability, falsifiability, and parsimony.

Question 2

The cohort effect __________.

Answer 2

can be a confounding influence in cross-sectional research

Question 3

Why do we consider psychology a science?

Answer 3

The scientific method is used.

Question 4

Science is a way of knowing that combines ______ and _______.

Answer 4

empiricism, reason

Question 5

Which of the following is not a tenet of science?

Answer 5

publication

Question 6

An experiment should involve at least two groups, a(n) _____ group and a _____ group.

Answer 6

experimental; control

Question 7

Catherine got 72% on her algebra test. She was pleased until she heard that half the class got a higher mark. Her score is equal to the _____.

Answer 7

median

Question 8

Descriptive statistics are to inferential statistics as ___.

Answer 8

Summarize is to generalize.

Question 9

Bob scored 3 standard deviations above the class mean on his statistics test. Assuming the scores were normally distributed, how did Bob score compared to the rest of the class?

Answer 9

Bob’s score was very high.

Question 10

Because ethical decisions are rarely black and white, most universities have _____.

Answer 10

Institutional Review Board

Question 11

Beneficence is to maleficence as _____ is to _____.

Answer 11

Help; harm

Question 12

“He was participating in our study and he asked me out for dinner. Who wouldn’t agree? He was gorgeous and I’ll never turn down a free meal” Which ethical issue is at the heart of this scenario?

Answer 12

Multiple relationships

Question 13

Which of the following is not required in the informed consent form?

Answer 13

a complete description of your research hypothesis

Question 14

You ask Dr. Stage if you can come babysit his son. He says, “Thanks for the offer but that it’s unethical” why?

Answer 14

Multiple relationships

Question 15

In order to make a conceptual hypothesis into a research hypothesis we need to _____.

Answer 15

Operationalize the concepts

Question 16

Statistical power is?

Answer 16

the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis

Question 17

Which of the following will NOT increase statistical power?

Answer 17

Decrease alpha

Question 18

When calculating effect size for a correlation, what should you do?

Answer 18

square the correlation

Question 19

The difference between an extraneous variable and a confounding variable is

Answer 19

a confounding variable is systematically related to the independent and dependent variable

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that it is important to control extraneous variables?

Answer 20

So we can increase external validity.

Question 21

Mary is interested in measuring bullying in the school yard at recess. Which method should she use?

Answer 21

frequency

Question 22

Content analysis is often used with the responses obtained from _____.

Answer 22

open-ended questions

Question 23

A measure of socioeconomic status (SES) as upper, middle, and lower, is best described as a(n) _____ scale of measure.

Answer 23

ordinal

Question 24

What are the most important considerations when selecting research measures?

Answer 24

reliable and valid

Question 25

Chronbach’s alpha is a measure of _____.

Answer 25

internal consistency

Question 26

When testing a research hypothesis, _____ in measurement increases our chances of finding a statistically significant result.

Answer 26

precision

Question 27

What is the assumption made when using inferential statistics?

Answer 27

The samples were randomly selected from the population.

Question 28

Stratified sampling is used ____.

Answer 28

when you want to represent groups of different sizes

Question 29

What is the difference between cluster and multistage sampling?

Answer 29

Multistage sampling is a more complex method of cluster sampling.

Question 30

Random sampling, systematic sampling, and multistage sampling are examples of _____.

Answer 30

methods requiring inferential statistics

Question 31

Sheeba wants to make sure that her sample represents the actual frequency of important demographic variables (e.g., ethnicity, gender). What type of sampling procedure will insure this?

Answer 31

quota sampling

Question 32

Jennifer is a 2nd grade teacher who conducts a reading study on her students. This sample is

Answer 32

A convenient sample and

A nonprobability sampling method

Question 33

What is the relationship between effect size and sample size?

Answer 33

When the effect size is small, larger samples are needed.

Question 34

A(n) _________ is where participants are randomly assigned to different levels of the IV.

Answer 34

independent group design

Question 35

Amy is researching the effectiveness of journaling on self-rated depression. Participants begin with a “moderate” self-rated depression score. Amy randomly assigns half of the group to journal for 30 minutes each day, while the other half acts as a control group. What type of experiment is this?

Answer 35

A true and field experiment