Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bone and Soft Tissue Biology > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are 2 overall types of bone? what are 2 types of lamellar bone? which is more elastic? which has high turnover rate?

A
  • woven and lamellar
  • cortical and cancellous
  • cancellous
  • cancellous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bone cells: OPG cells come from ___ lineage, differentiation based on low ___ and high ___, what transcription factors signal the Wnt pathway to make osteoblasts?

A
  • mesenchymal
  • low strain and high oxygen
  • RunX2, Osc, beta-catenin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wnt proteins are released by ___ cells and bind to ___ which release ___ and activate RunX2

A
  • OPG
  • osteoblasts
  • beta-catenin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what transcription factor for chondrocytes? how about adipocytes?

A
  • Sox9

- PPARy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what 2 things bind to osteoblasts to make bone? in addition to making bone (type I collagen and alkaline phosphotase), PTH also causes osteoblasts to release ___

A
  1. pulsed PTH
  2. vitamin D3
    - RANKL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osteocyte: lives for ___ days, how do they communicate? secrete ____ which inhibits ___, higher levels of sclerostin lead to ___ bone mass

A
  • 90
  • canaliculi
  • sclerostin
  • osteoblasts
  • lower
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteoclasts: ___ bone, ___ cells in the ___ lineage, resorption occurs at the ___ ___ via ___ ___, how do they bind to the ruffled border? ___ is secreted to lower the pH utilizing what enzyme? this activates ___ K

A
  • resorb
  • hematopoetic cells
  • macrophage/monocyte
  • ruffled border
  • Howship’s lacunae
  • integrins and vibronectin (Arg-Gly-Asp)
  • TRAP
  • carbonic anhydrase
  • cathepsin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carbonic anhydrase gives you ___ and cathepsin K gives you ___

A
  • osteopetrosis

- pycknodysostosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what secretes OPG and what does it do?

A
  • osteoblasts

- binds to RANKL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Calcitonin binds to ___, released from ___ cells, tones down ___ by inhibiting osteoclasts

A
  • osteoclasts
  • parafollicular
  • Ca
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wolff’s law? Hueter-Volkmann law?

A
  • remodeling occurs in response to stress

- growth is inhibited by compressive forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fracture callus is ___ bone formation, embryonic flat bones and distraction osteogenesis is ___ bone formation

A
  • enchondral

- intramembranous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

primary bone healing is ___ bone formation through ___ ___, secondary bone healing is ___ bone formation with ___ formation

A
  • intramembranous
  • cutting cones
  • enchondral
  • callus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what drugs can decrease bone mineralization

A 
prednisone
PPI
SSRI
heparin
anti-epileptic drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the most likely predictor of a low energy fracture? 1 vertebral compression fx increases chances of hip fracture by ___

A
  • previous fragility fracture

- 5 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T score is ____ and Z score is ___, use ___ score for treatment,

A
  • not the same age
  • same age
  • T
17
Q

FRAX score dx of osteoporosis: 10 year risk of hip fracture and major osteoporotic fx

A
  • 3%

- 20%

18
Q

Bisphosphonates: 2 types, which makes the ATP analogue and causes apoptosis?

A
  • nitrogen and non-nitrogen containing

- non-nitrogen containing

19
Q

Prolia aka ____ is an ___ antibody to ____

A
  • denosumab
  • IgG
  • RANKL
20
Q

2 types of people forteo is contraindicated in and why?

A
  • paget’s and prior mets

- secondary osteosarcoma transformation

21
Q

Tendons: 95% type ___ collagen; ___ is the proteoglycan that regulates tendon diameter, ___ binds to water for proteogycans, weakest at ___ days and back to original strength at ___ days; strongest at ___ months

A
  • I
  • decorin
  • aggrecan
  • 7-10
  • 21 days
  • 6
22
Q

what is the % of organic and inorganic components of bone? what is the formula for the main inorganic component of bone?

A
  • 40/60

- Ca10 (PO4)6 OH2

23
Q

OPG is made by ___ and it decoy binds to ___ to prevent the activation of osteoclasts, what hormone in females has this same effect?

A
  • osteoblasts
  • RANKL
  • estrogen
24
Q

vitamin ___ helps with the hydroxylation of collagen, made ___ but assembled ___

A
  • C (deficiency results in scurvy)
  • intra-cellular
  • extra-cellular
25
Q

Motor endplate conditions: Myasthenia gravis? botox?

A
  • antibodies against the Ach receptors

- prevents the release of Ach

26
Q

Post polio rehab is ___

A
  • daily exercise at sub-exhaustion level
27
Q

Reserve Zone Disorders: PKGD

A
  • Pseudoachondroplasia: COMP
  • Kniest syndrome: COL2
  • Gaucher: beta-glucocerbrosidase
  • diastrophic dysplasia: DTDST sulfate transport gene
28
Q

Proliferative Zone Disorders: MeGA

A
  • MHE: EXT 1, 2, 3 (AD)
  • Gigantism
  • Achondroplasia: FGFR3 (AD)
29
Q

Hypertrophic zone disorders: 3 S’s

where do endocrine/secondary SCFE’s occur?

A
  • SH fractures
  • SCFE
  • Schmid
  • secondary spongiosa*
30
Q

What regulates physeal maturation in the hypertrophic zone? poisoning with what inhibits PTHrP?

A
  • PTHrP

- Lead

31
Q

PTH: made by ___ cells, ___ Ca resorption in the kidney and ___ PO4 resorption, increases ___ production and activates ___ which in turn make RANKL and activate ___

A
  • chief
  • increases
  • decreases
  • vitamin D
  • osteoblasts
  • osteoclasts
32
Q

PTH promotes the conversion of 25 to 1,25 vit D in the ___, this increases the intestinal absorption of ___ and ___

A
  • kidney

- Ca and PO4

33
Q

Nutritional rickets: low ___ thus have less intestinal absorption of ___ and ___, PTH and alk phos would ___

A
  • vitamin d3
  • Ca and PO4
  • increase
34
Q

Renal osteodystrophy: kidneys fail thus you get ___ retention, low ___, high ___ and ___

A
  • PO4
  • Ca
  • PTH and alk phos
35
Q

what must occur for cartilage injury to heal?

A
  • it must go past the tidemark
36
Q

Aggrecan has a ___ charge in cartilage, what is responsible for preventing diffuse swelling of articular cartilage?

A
  • negative

- type II collagen

37
Q

low strain and high O2 = ____, medium strain and low O2 = ____, high strain = ____

A
  • osteoblasts
  • chondrocytes
  • fibroblast
38
Q

Hypophosphatasia: inheritance? phosphate level? alkaline phosphatase level and why?

A
  • AR
  • normal
  • low because the mutation is in these enzyme leading to low bone turnover

Bone and Soft Tissue Biology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions