Questions

Question 1

A 15kg dog Pethidine at 2mg/kg. The pethidine is supplied as a 50mg/ml solution. How much is required?
A)0.3ml
B)0.6ml
C)1.0ml
D)1.6ml

Answer 1

B)0.6ml

Question 2

A 2.5% solution contains;
A)2.5g of solute in 1000ml solvent
B)2.5g of solute in 100ml solvent
C)25mg of solute in 1000ml solvent
D)25mg of solute in 100ml solvent

Answer 2

B)2.5g of solute in 100ml solvent

Question 3

A 30kg dog requires injections three times daily at a dose rate of 25mg/kg/24hours. The drug is in a 5% solution. What volume should be given each time?
A)2ml
B)3ml
C)4ml
D)5ml

Answer 3

D)5ml

Question 4

A 40kg dog requires injections two times daily at a drug doe rate of 25mg/kg/24hours. The drug is a suspension containing 150mg/ml. What volume should be given each time?
A)2.5ml
B)3.3ml
C)4.0ml
D)5ml

Answer 4

B)3.3ml

Question 5

A cat weighs 4.0kg, and needs an antibiotic by mouth at 50mg/kg/24hours for 10days- to be divided to give two daily doses. The tablets available are 100mg. How many tablets will be required for the course.
A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40

Answer 5

B)20

Question 6

Epistaxis is;
A)an inability to stand up
B)bleeding from the ears
C)bleeding from the nostrils
D)persistent vomiting

Answer 6

C)bleeding from the nostrils

Question 7

Following urinary catheterisation, systemic antibiotics should be given
A)if the catheter is indwelling
B)if blood is seen in the urine or on the catheter
C)should the animal require repeated catheterisations
D)in every case

Answer 7

D)however carefully it is done, the introduction of a catheter may introduce infection or cause damage to the urethral or bladder wall that may predispose to opportunist infection

Question 8

For injection, you are given a drug in a 7.5% solution. The dose required for the dog you are treating is 10mg/kg and the dog weighs 18kg. What volume of the drug should you give?
A)1.2ml
B)2.4ml
C)3.6ml
D)4.6ml

Answer 8

B)2.4ml

Question 9

How much Dextrose powder is required to make up 50ml of a 2.5% solution?
A)1.25g
B)2.5g
C)12.5g
D)25g

Answer 9

A)1.25g

Question 10

How much of a drug would you give to an animal weighing 20kg if the dose rate was 50mg/kg and was presented as a 10% solution?
A)2.5ml
B)10ml
C)15ml
D)20ml

Answer 10

B)10ml

Question 11

Hydropropulsion is;
A)swimming physiotherapy
B)the use of water as an aerosol, as in ultrasonic dental scalers
C)using a stream of water, introduced into a urinary catheter, to try to force a urethral obstruction (e.g. a urinary calculus) back into the bladder
D)using cold water to cool an animal with hyperthermia

Answer 11

C)using a stream of water, introduced into a urinary catheter, to try to force a urethral obstruction (e.g. a urinary calculus) back into the bladder

Question 12

To which class of drugs dose frusemide belong?
A)corticosteroids
B)diuretics
C)narcotic analgesics
D)NSAIDS

Answer 12

B)diuretics

Question 13

Which one of the following enteral feeding tubes dose not normally require a general anaesthetic for its placement?
A)duodostomy tube
B)gastrostomy tube
C)nasogastric tube
D)pharyngostomy tube

Answer 13

C)nasogastric tube but it does sometimes require sedation

Question 14

Which one of the following is a common indicator of pain in small animals?
A)bradycardia
B)brick red mucous membranes
C)pupillary constriction
D)tachypnoea

Answer 14

D)tachypnoea

Question 15

Which one of the following methods of providing enteral nutrition carries with it the risk of peritonitis?
A)gastrostomy tube
B)nasogastric tube
C)orogastric tube
D)pharyngostomy tube

Answer 15

A)gastrostomy tube

Question 16

Which one of the following might be part of the after-care for a patient following anal sac surgery?
A)enema 
B)faecal consistency regulator
C)kaolin mixture
D)purgative

Answer 16

B)faecal consistency regulator

Question 17

Which one of the following statements concerning ill and recumbent animals is the least accurate?
A)recumbent animals have a reduced requirement for calories, as they are expending little energy
B)ill and recumbent animals often require increased protein in the diet, to cope with tissue breakdown and repair
C)ill and recumbent animals require reduced amounts of protein in the diet
D)ill and recumbent animals should have reduced carbohydrate in the diet to avoid obesity

Answer 17

C)ill and recumbent animals should have reduced carbohydrate in the diet to avoid obesity

Question 18

Which one of the following statements is the most accurate, concerning the nursing of a recumbent dog?
A)long term recumbent patients should not be paid an excessive amount of attention, as they do not learn then to settle quietly in their kennel
B)recumbent animals take up less nursing time than an active post-operative patient
C)the dog should be positioned in a quiet area, where it i not over stimulated by constant activity outside its kennel
D)the dog will often appreciate being house where it can see a lot of activity going on, and passing people can talk to it. This helps relieve boredom.

Answer 18

D)the dog will often appreciate being house where it can see a lot of activity going on, and passing people can talk to it. This helps relieve boredom.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a good choice as an enema solution in a very young cat?
A)mineral oil
B)liquid paraffin
C)saline solution
D)warm water

Answer 19

C)saline solution may be dangerous in a young animal as the electrolytes can be absorbed in the colon, ad disrupt the electrolyte balance of the body

Question 20

Which of the following is the least valuable in the prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcers in the recumbent patient?
A)deep, soft bedding
B)harden any area of skin which look likely to develop ulcers by the regular application of surgical spirit
C)protection on bony prominences with padded dressings
D)regular massage of areas at risk

Answer 20

B)harden any area of skin which look likely to develop ulcers by the regular application of surgical spirit

Question 21

Which of the following is not important in the prevention of hyspostatic pneumonia in a recumbent animal?
A)encourage the animal to lie in sternal rather than lateral recumbency
B)carry out daily effluage
C)stimulate coughing by daily coupage
D)turn the animal at least every four hours

Answer 21

B)carry out daily effluage

Question 22

Coupage is;
A)the debriding of a contaminated wound and the removal of devitalised tissue before suturing
B)the flushing of a contaminated wound to remove particulate debris
C)the placement of a surgical
D)vigorously hitting the chest with cupped hand in order to stimulate the circulation, and reduce the pooling of blood in the lungs of an inactive animal

Answer 22

D)vigorously hitting the chest with cupped hands in order to stimulate the circulation, and reduce the pooling of blood in the lungs of an inactive animal

Question 23

At what percentage dehydration does loss of skin elasticity first occur in a dehydrated animal?
A)2%
B)5%
C)7%
D)10%

Answer 23

B)5%

Question 24

How much 50% dextrose solution must be added to a bag of sterile water (once an identical volume of water has been withdrawn) to make 500ml of a 2.5% dextrose solution?
A)12.5ml
B)25ml
C)50ml
D)100ml

Answer 24

B)25ml

Question 25

``` In the assessment of the degree of fluid deficit, tenting skin, and a capillary refill time of more than 2 seconds suggests a deficit of approximately? A)5% B)5-8% C)10-12% D)12-15% ```

Answer 25

C)10-12%

Question 26

``` Plasma may be stored at; A)-70 deg c for 6 months before use B)+4 deg c for 6 weeks before use C)+4 deg c for 3 weeks before use D)at room temperature for up to 24 hours before use ```

Answer 26

A)-70 deg c,plasma starts to deteriorate very fast in store unless it is frozen

Question 27

``` The largest fluid compartment in the body is the; A)extracellular fluid B)interstitial fluid C)intracellular fluid D)plasma fluid ```

Answer 27

C)intracellular fluid

Question 28

``` What is the maximum number of days that an IV catheter should be left in place? A)2 B)4 C)6 D)8 ```

Answer 28

A)2

Question 29

``` What is the normal pH of plasma in dogs? A)7.2-7.25 B)7.25-7.3 C)7.3-7.35 D)7.35-7.4 ```

Answer 29

D)7.35-7.4

Question 30

``` What is the normal range of central venous pressure in a healthy dog? A)3-7mm water B)3-7mm mercury C)3-7cm water D)3-7cm mercury ```

Answer 30

C)3-7cm water

Question 31

``` Which one of the following anticoagulants is normally used for collecting blood for transfusion? A)citrate B)EDTA C)fluoride D)heparin ```

Answer 31

A)citrate

Question 32

``` Which one of the following conditions is most likely to lead to metabolic alkalosis? A)apnoea B)diarrhoea C)hypoglycaemia D)vomiting ```

Answer 32

D)vomiting

Question 33

``` Which one of the following is a crystalloid solution? A)dextran B)haemaccel C)0.9% sodium chloride D)whole blood ```

Answer 33

C)0.9% sodium chloride

Question 34

Which of the following statements is least accurate? A)PCV can be used to estimate fluid deficit, but will not be accurate in animals suffering from anaemia B)PCV can give an accurate measure of fluid deficit as it rises by 1% for each 10ml/kg fluid loss C)PCV can only be used to give a rough estimate of fluid deficit, as the normal PCV varies from individual to individual D)PCV is of most use in assessing the degree of dehydration if the individuals normal PCV is known

Answer 34

B)PCV can give an accurate measure of fluid deficit as it rises by 1% for each 10ml/kg fluid loss

Question 35

``` A laboratory test shows an increase in serum protein. Which one of the following is a possible cause? A)anaemia B)dehydration C)over hydration D)renal failure ```

Answer 35

B)dehydration | Anaemia, over hydration and renal failure will show a decrease in serum protein

Question 36

``` How long can a serum sample be stored in a refrigerator without deterioration? A)a few hours B)3 days C)7days D)28days ```

Answer 36

A)a few hours | For longer storage plasma should be frozen

Question 37

Howell Jolly bodies are; A)nuclear remnants in young erythrocytes B)signs of intracellular parasites of red blood cells C)small sections of neutrophil segmented nuclei D)erythrocytes of a cheerful disposition

Answer 37

A)nuclear remnants in young erythrocytes They are usually seen when immature erythrocytes are released into circulation following a loss of circulating erythrocytes- for example after a RTA or a haemolytic episode.

Question 38

``` Into which anticoagulant would you collect dog or cat blood for routine haematological examination? A)EDTA B)heparin C)sodium citrate D)sodium fluoride ```

Answer 38

A)EDTA

Question 39

``` Leishman’s stain is commonly used for; A)bacterial stain B)differential white cell count C)identifying red blood cells D)urinalysis ```

Answer 39

B)differential white cell count

Question 40

Polycythaemia is; A)an increase in the number of platelets B)an increase in the number of red blood cells C)an increase in the number of white blood cells D)variable sizes of red blood cells in the blood

Answer 40

A)an increase in the number of platelets

Question 41

``` Routine haematological examination reveals the following; low PCV, low rbc, relatively high reticulocyte count. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of the animals condition? A)bone marrow hypoplasia B)chronic renal disease C)FeLV D)road traffic accident ```

Answer 41

D)a low PCV and low RBC suggests a recent loss of red blood cells

Question 42

``` Specimens for toxicological examination should be preserved in; A)ethanol B)formal saline C)formalin D)neutral buffered formalin ```

Answer 42

C)formalin

Question 43

``` Sudan III is used in the laboratory to estimate the quantity of which one of the following? A)faecal fat B)protein in urine C)reticulocytes in peripheral blood D)serum bicarbonate ```

Answer 43

A)faecal fat