Questions Flashcards
what two arteries branch off of the subscapular artery?
(1) subscapular circumflex
(2) thoracodorsal
what branches off the first part of the axillary artery?
supreme thoracic artery
where does the upper subscapular branch off of?
C5 of posterior cord
what are the boundaries of the 3rd part of the axillary artery?
inferior border of the pec minor to the inferior border of the teres major
what is involved with a type 2 AC joint seperation?
(1) tear of AC joint capsule
(2) tear of AC ligament
(3) coracoclavicular ligament intact/strained with slight elevation of clavicle
which muscles produce scapular retraction?
(1) middle traps
(2) rhomboids
what are the attachments of the annular ligament of the elbow?
anterior/posterior portion of the radial notch (holds radial head in place)
where do the 7 proper palmar digital arteries stem from?
(1) 6 branch off of the common palmar digital artery
(2) 1 branches directly off the superficial palmar arch and runs up the medial side of pinky finger
which muscles produce downward rotation of the scapula? (4)
(1) pec minor
(2) rhomboids
(3) levator scapulae
(4) lats
what causes medial epicondylitis?
forceful/repeated pronation and finger flexion
what muscles lie in the 3rd tunnel?
(1) extensor pollicis longus
what nerve pierces through the coracobrachialis?
musculotaneous
what structures are found in the thenar compartment? (6)
1) abductor pollicisbrevis
2) flexor pollicisbrevis
3) opponenspollicis
4) tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
5) recurrent branch of the median nerve
6) princeps pollicis artery
which ramus does the dorsal scapular nerve come off of
C5 before it branches to superior trunk
what goes through the triangular space? (1)
circumflex scapular artery
what nerves and arteries are found in the posterior brachial compartment?
radial nerve, ulnar nerve (travels from anterior compartment), and profunda brachii artery
what branches off the 3rd part of the axillary artery?
(1) subscapular artery
(2) anterior humeral circumflex artery
(3) posterior humeral circumflex artery
where does the ulnar nerve run?
medial side of biceps (anterior), at middle of arm it crosses to posterior compartment and runs along medial triceps, then goes into cubital tunnel
what muscles does the motor branch of the axillary nerve innervate?
(1) deltoids
(2) teres minor
what action do the dorsal interossi muscles perform?
abduction (think DAB)
what is it called when the superficial ulnar and radial palmar arteries connect? when they don’t connect?
complete superficial palmar artery; incomplete superficial palmar artery
the sensory branch of radial innervates what?
(1) humeroradial joint
(2) humeroulnar joint
(3) proximal radioulnar joint
when the lateral bands of the extensor assembly are pulled to the dorsal side, what deformity occurs?
Swan neck deformity
what nerves innervate the AC joint? (2)
lateral pectoral, axillary nerve
what are 3 arteries that branch off the deep palmar arch on the radial side of the hand?
(1) radialis indicis artery
(2) princeps pollicis artery
(3) dorsalis pollicis artery
what structures of the HAND does the median nerve innervate?
1st and 2nd lumbricals
what structures are found in the adductor compartment? (2)
(1) Adductor pollicis
(2) Deep ulnar nerve
what muscles are in the intermediate group of the (anterior) medial compartment?
flexor digitorum superficialis
what does the circumflex scapular artery supply blood to?
(1) supraspinatus
(2) infraspinatus
what does carpal tunnel syndrome result in?
paresthesia at the palmar surface of the thumb, index and middle finger and the radial half of the ring finger
what side of the arm are the pronator teres & pronator quadratus?
flexor side (anterior)
where is the brachial plexus located
ventral rami of C5 through T1
what muscles of the (anterior) medial compartment does the ulnar nerve innervate?
(1) flexor carpi ulnaris
2) PARTIALLY flexor digitorum profundus (4th and 5th DIP joints
what makes up the medial cord?
anterior division of the inferior trunk
what does the axillary nerve branch off of?
C5, C6 of the posterior cord
the sensory branch of median (proximal sensory before split) innervates what?
(1) proximal radioulnar joint
what muscles are innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve?
all deep muscles of the extensors except supinator
(1) extensor indicis
(2) abductor pollicis longus
(3) extensor pollicis longus
(4) extensor pollicis brevis
which of the segments are infraclavicular
divisions, cords, terminal nerves
what bones make up the radiocarpal joint?
(1) scaphoid
(2) lunate
(3) triquetrum
(4) radius
what 3 deep muscles of the (anterior) medial compartment are innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve?
(1) flexor pollicis longus
(2) pronator quadratus
(3) PARTIALLY flexor digitorum profundus (2nd and 3rd DIP joints)
what are the attachments of the radial collateral ligament of the elbow?
lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament
where does the common flexor tendon attach?
medial epicondyle
what muscles attach to the extensor assembly? (4)
(1) Extensor Digitorum
(2) Extensor Digiti Minimi
(3) Lumbricals
(4) Interossei (palmar/dorsal)
what structure lie in the cubital fossa?
(1) the biceps tendon and bicipital aponeurosis
(2) the median nerve
(3) the radial nerve with its deep radial (posterior interosseous nerve) and superficial radial branches
(4) the radial and ulnar arteries
(5) the common interosseous artery off the ulnar artery
(6) median cubital vein
what is involved with a type 3 AC joint seperation?
(1) tear of AC joint capsule
(2) tear of AC ligament
(3) tear of coracoclavicular ligament with marked elevation of clavicle
what does the suprascapular nerve innervate? (2)
(1) supraspinatus
(2) infraspinatus
what makes up the posterior cord?
posterior division of superior, middle and inferior trunks
what is the retromammary space?
between breast tissue and fascia containing small amount of adipose to allow for movement with reduced friction
what group of muscles make up the posterolateral compartment of the forearm?
the extensors
what muscles attach to the common flexor tendon?
superficialis & intermediate groups of flexors
what makes up the median nerve?
C6, C7 of lateral cord & medial cord
which trunk does the subclavius nerve branch off of
the superior trunk
how may a CVA (stroke) affect the integrity of the shoulder joint?
loss of muscle tone causes the humerus to shift inferiorly
what structures does the subscapular artery supply blood to?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, lats
the sensory branch of ulnar innervates what?
(1) humeroradial joint
(2) humeroulnar joint
what goes through the suprascapular notch?
Suprascapular nerve
what muscles lie in the 1st tunnel?
(1) abductor pollicis longus
(2) extensor pollicis brevis
what does the median nerve travel alongside with?
brachial artery; both travel down medial aspect of arm
the superficial palmar arch is a continuation of what?
superficial ulnar artery
which rami make up the long thoracic nerve
ventral RAMUS of C5, C6, C7
what muscles lie in the 2nd tunnel?
(1) ECRL
(2) ECRB
where do the 3 common palmar digital arteries stem from?
superficial palmar arch
what does the sensory branch of the musculocutanoeus nerve innervate? (3)
(1) humeroulnar joint
(2) humeroradial joint
(3) proximal radioulnar joint
what are the borders of the quadrangular space?
medial: long head of triceps
lateral: humerus
superior: teres minor
inferior: teres major
what muscles upwardly rotate the scapula?
(1) serratus anterior
2) traps (upper & lower together
which trunk does the suprascapular nerve branch off
the superior trunk
what muscles make up the superficial posterolateral compartment? (6)
(1) brachioradialis
(2) ECRL
(3) ECRB
(4) ECU
(5) extensor digitorum (6) extensor digiti minimi
the sensory branch of musculocutaneous innervates what?
(1) humeroradial joint
(2) humeroulnar joint
(3) proximal radioulnar joint
what action do the palmar interossi muscles perform?
adduction (think PAD)
what are the boarders of the triangular space?
lateral: long head of triceps
superior: teres minor
inferior: teres major
what are the boarders of the triangular interval?
medial: long head of triceps
lateral: lateral head of triceps
superior: teres major
what structures are found in the hypothenar compartment?
1) abductor digiti minimi
2) flexor digiti minimi brevis
3) opponens digiti minimi
4) palmaris brevis
5) superficial ulnar nerve and its proper digital branch to the little finger
6) deep ulnar nerve
7) proper palmar digital artery
what are the attachments of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow?
3 bands; anterior, posterior, oblique
(1) attaches from medial epicondyle to coronoid process/trochlear notch
where does the radial nerve run?
enters posterior compartment via triangular interval, runs between medial & lateral tricep heads, crosses into distal part of anterior compartment, then before cubital fossa it splits into superficial and deep branches
what nerve innervates MOST of the muscles in the posterior compartment?
radial nerve
what goes through the triangular interval? (2)
radial nerve and profunda brachial artery
what movements are compromising to a hypertrophic coracobrachialis?
(1) abduction
(2) hyperextension
Both movements are opposite action
what muscles lie in the 6th tunnel?
(1) extensor carpi ulnaris
what muscles are innervated by the deep radial nerve? (5)
(1) ECRB
(2) extensor digitorum
(3) extensor digiti minimi
(4) ECU
One deep Muscle
(5) supinator
what nerves are found in the anterior brachial compartment? (4)
musculotaneous, median, radial, ulnar
where does the lateral pectoral branch off of?
the lateral cord
which rami form the superior trunk
C5-C6
where does the common extensor tendon attach?
lateral epicondyle
what are the divisions of the superior trunk
anterior & posterior divisions of the upper trunk
what goes through the quadrangular space? (2)
axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
what are two potential sources of injury to the musculocutaneous nerve?
(1) Trauma
(2) Coracobrachialis muscle hypertrophy
what muscles make up the deep posterolateral compartment? (5)
(1) supinator
(2) extensor indicis
(3) abductor pollicis longus
(4) extensor pollicis longus
(5) extensor pollicis brevis
where does the thoracodorsal branch off of?
C6,C7,C8 of posterior cord
what structures does the supreme thoracic artery supply blood to?
1st and 2nd intercostal spaces; serratus anterior
the sensory branch of median (distal branch) innervates what?
(1) carpal tunnel
what structures does the anterior humeral circumflex artery supply blood to?
deltoid, GH joint
what artery is distal to the axillary artery?
brachical artery
which bursae have direct communication with the GH joint? (4)
subscapular, infrascapular, subcoracoid, bicepital
where do the median pectoral, medial cutaneous of the arm & medial cutaneous of the forearm branch?
the medial cord
what structures does the thoracoacromial artery supply blood to?
pec major, deltoid, AC joint, SC joint, acromion
what structures of the HAND does the recurrent branch of the median nerve innervate? (3)
(1) abductor pollicis brevis
(2) flexor pollicis brevis
(3) opponens pollicis
what are the two muscles in the (anterior) medial compartment of the arm that ARE NOT innervated by the median nerve?
flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus (The Ulnar nerve innervates these two)
what structures does the lateral thoracic artery supply blood to?
pec major, pec minor, serratus anterior
what nerves innervate the GH joint? (3)
lateral pectoral, axillary, suprascapular nerve
what are the articulations of the ulna?
humeroulnar, radioulnar (proximal & distal), interosseous membrane
what muscles lie in the 5th tunnel?
(1) extensor digiti minimi
what can lateral epicondylitis affect?
compress the radial nerve, affecting extensor muscles
wrist drop is palsy of what nerve?
radial (can’t extend wrist)
what vein runs laterally in the arm and forearm?
cephalic vein
what two muscle attach to the lateral supracondylar ridge?
The two muscles in the posterolateral compartment that don’t attach to the common extensor tendon:
(1) brachioradialis
(2) ECRL
what are the borders of the axillary artery?
(1) lateral border of first rib (2) lower margin of teres major
what artery is found in the anterior brachial compartment?
brachial artery
what are the divisions of the middle trunk
anterior & posterior divisions of the middle trunk
what muscles are in the superficial group of the (anterior) medial compartment?
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
which rami form the middle trunk
C7
what structures does the posterior humeral circumflex artery supply blood to?
deltoid, GH joint, triceps
which rami form the inferior trunk
C8-T1
the deep palmar arch is a continuation of what?
radial artery (it connects with ulnar artery to form deep palmar arch)
what vein runs medially in the arm and forearm?
basilic vein
what muscles elevate the scapula?
(1) traps
(2) rhomboids
(3) levator scapulae
what is the radial nerve a continuation of?
the posterior cord
where does the suprascapular artery run?
above the suprascapular notch
what are the articulations of the CMC joint?
1st - trapezium 2nd - trapezoid 3rd - capitate 4th - hamate 5th - hamate
what is the ulnar nerve a continuation of?
the medial cord
what side of the arm is the supinator?
extensor side (posterior)
what muscles are innervated by the upper subscapular nerve?
subscapularis
where is the ulnar nerve susceptible to injury? what types of injuries?
ulnar groove; blunt trauma or prolonged irritation
what are common radial nerve injuries and the effects of the injuries?
(1) humeral fracture; impaired sensation to the dorsum of the hand and weakness in the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers
(2) dislocation of the radial head with an annular ligament tear or a fx; deep radial nerve muscles affected
what does the sensory branch of the axillary nerve innervate? (2)
(1) GH joint
(2) AC joint
what does the superficial radial nerve innervate?
posterior skin of digits 1-3(4)
which nerves supply sensory input to humeroradial / humeroulnar joints? (3)
radial, ulnar, musculocutaneous
how are we able to extend the distal phalange if the extensor digitorum does not directly attach to the distal phalange?
the extensor assembly
what are the boundaries of the 2nd part of the axillary artery?
deep to pec minor
what is the musculocutaneous nerve a continuation of?
the lateral cord
what structures of the HAND does the deep ulnar nerve innervate? (7)
(1) abductor digiti minimi
(2) flexor digitimi minimi brevis
(3) opponens digiti minimi
(4) 3rd and 4th lumbricals
(5) palmar interossei
(6) dorsal interossei
(7) adductor pollicis
what are the boundaries of the 1st part of the axillary artery?
lateral aspect of 1st rib and superior border of pec minor
what muscles are innervated by the lower subscapular nerve?
(1) subscapularis
(2) teres major
what effects may occur to injury to the ulnar nerve?
(1) sensory changes to 5th digit and ulnar half of 4th
(2) weakness
what are the articulations of the radius? (4)
humeroradial, radioulnar (proximal & distal), carporadial, interosseus membrane
what causes lateral epicondylitis?
repeated forceful supination, wrist extension and radial deviation
what structures are found in the Intermetacarpal (interosseous) compartment?
(1) 3-palmar interroseus muscles
(2) 4-dorsal interosseus muscles
(3) Deep ulnar nerve
when the lateral bands of the extensor assembly are pulled to the palmar side, what deformity occurs?
Boutonniere’s deformity
what are the divisions of the inferior trunk
anterior & posterior divisions of the inferior trunk
which nerves supply sensory input to the proximal radioulnar joint?
musculocutaneous, median, radial
what is involved with a type 1 AC joint seperation?
(1) strain of joint capsule
(2) strain of AC ligament
(3) coracoclavicular ligament intact
what is DeQuarvain’s tenosynovitis?
tenosynovitis of the muscles in the 1st and 2nd tunnels:
(1) abductor pollicis longus
(2) extensor pollicis brevis
(3) ECRL
(4) ECRB
what muscles of the posterior lateral compartment are innervated by the radial nerve? (2)
(1) brachioradialis
(2) ECRL
what muscles attach to the common extensor tendon? (4)
All but 2 superficial muscles of posterolateral compartment:
(1) ECRB
(2) extensor digitorum
(3) extensor digiti minimi
(4) extensor carpi ulnaris
what are the attachments of the oblique cord of the elbow?
(extra-capsular)
(1) attaches from coronoid process to radial tuberosity
what artery is proximal to the axillary artery?
subclavian artery
where does the lower subscapular branch off of?
C6 of posterior cord
what muscles does the musculotaneous nerve innervate? (3)
anterior compartment muscles: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
what structure of the HAND does the superficial ulnar nerve innervate?
palmaris brevis
what group of muscles make up the (anterior) medial compartment of the forearm?
the flexors
the sensory branch of axillary innervates what?
(1) GH joint
(2) AC Joint
what makes up the lateral cord?
anterior division of superior & middle trunks
what branches off the 2nd part of the axillary artery?
(1) thoracoacromial artery (2) lateral thoracic artery
what muscles are in the deep group of the (anterior) medial compartment?
flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus
what muscles lie in the 4th tunnel?
(1) extensor digitorum
(2) extensor indicis
which of the segments above are supraclavicular
rami and trunks
what structures are found in the central compartment? (9)
(1) Median nerve
(2) Superficial ulnar
(3) Four common digital nerves (3 off median, 1 off ulnar)
(4) Superficial palmar arch
(5) 3 common digital arteries
(6) Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
(7) 2 bursae (ulnar and radial)
(8) 4 lumbricals
(9) Deep palmar arch
