questions Flashcards
Endogamy
The practice of only marrying within your own race,religion, culture or class.
Exogamy
the Practice of marrying outside your own culture or race
Serial monogamy
The concept of being married more than once but at seperate times (not bigamy)
what is a nuclear family
It is a concept coined by Murdoch which suggests the ideal family consists of a married mother, father and children. This is a very outdated view.
Family of orientation
Is the family which you are born into e.g. parents, sister, brother etc
Family of procreation
The family you create yourself e.g. partner their family and your own children by birth or adoption.
Protean family
This is the idea that families are in a constant state of flux. Protean comes from the protels the mythological creature who could change into anything.
Secondary affinity
is your spouses immediate family members e.g. their parents and siblings. The in-laws
Collateral affinity
Your spouses extended family e.g. second cousins, great aunts and uncles etc.
Discuss why we study families and kinship?
We study families and kinship as we all have a family in one form or another and therefore will have an interest. It is also to gain a deeper understanding of how family shapes individuals and the fact they are the first agent of socialisation means that they embed our norms and values.
How was the meaning of sex changed
The easily accessible contraception, from the 1960s onwards, How sex is no longer just for reproduction, The changing of parenthood
What percentage of marriages end in divorce?
52%
Hypergamy
Known as marrying up- marrying someone of a higher class or social status e.g.in some indian families there is something known as a dowry, it is the idea that men look for young, attractive women and women marry rich, well-educated older men.
Hypogamy
Marrying down- in an indian dowry a rich old man, marrys a young poor girl. He is marrying down.
how many marriages were civil ceremonies in 1872?
10%
How many marriages were civil ceremonies in 1908?
20%
How many marriages were civil ceremonies in 1963?
30%
How many marriages were civil ceremonies in 1976?
50%
How many marriages were civil ceremonies in 2011?
70%
How many marriages were civil ceremonies in 2013?
72%
What percentage of marriages are first marriages for both partners?
67%
What year was gay marriage legalised?
2014
When was the first gay divorce?
2015
Virilocal
The concept of a bride living with her husband and his family
avunculocal
The practice of a bride living with her husband and his uncle.
uxorilocal
The practice of a husband living with the bride and her family.
Neolocal
When a married couple live alone without either ones parents
Cherlin has three transitional eras in the meaning of marriage. what are they?
Institutional: early 20th C Companionate: mid 20th C Individualised: since 1960s
What are the key characteristics of kefalas marriage naturalists ?
They are traditionalists living in rural areas. They see marriage as a natural progression in a relationship. Aren’t worried about how and when they will get married. No self-doubt.
Key characteristics of marriage planners
They only marriage after family is tested. Wedding only occurs after one has become an adult, and each partner has built lives as individuals separately. Being successful is more important than a job.
Intensive motherhood
An ideology of motherhood that is founded on “child-centred, expert-guided, emotionally absorbing, labour-intensive, and financially expensive” child rearing methods.
‘the cultural contradictions’
Pull between self-less, dedicated, warm and all-consuming motherhood and the cool-headed, calculated, competitive labour market .
Ethnic penalties
The economic and non-economic disadvantages that ethnic minorities experience in the labour market compared to other ethnic groups.
Crenshaw’s intersectionality
refers to interlocking relations between different social categories, such as gender, ethnicity and class.a way of understanding and analysing the complexity in the world, in people, and in human experiences.
Identify the seven categories of abuse
Physical, psychological,sexual, material/financial, Institutional, discriminatory and neglect.
Main characteristics of Domestic violence, crime and victims act
Gave powers to the courts to impose restraining orders more widely. Allows judges, rather than a specially empanelled jury, to decide if a defendant is fit to plead.Expands the circumstances in which trials can be heard without a jury. • Creates an offence of “causing or allowing the death of a child or vulnerable adult”.
Three main functions of social policy
Distribution/redistribution of resources, Regulation of behaviour, Creation or modification of procedures or structure.
Why is genealogical knowledge important in some societies?
proof of paternity- biological fathers.
Family inheritance- passing on legacy to children. Incest taboos- to prove families weren’t involved.
social status. to define roles and responsibilities.
George Murdoch argued that there are 6 components for the nuclear family.What are they?
- Common residence
- Economic co-operation
- Reproduction
- Adults of both sexes
- approved sexual relationships
- one or more kids
What are the limitations of Murdock’s nuclear family?
It's outdated it's sexist There are extended families Marriage is less common nowadays Not all couples want kids ignored less traditional values it is generally limited
What do emic and etic mean?
Emic= Perspective within a culture Etic= Perspective outside of a culture
What are Murdock’s 6 kinship structures
Hawaiian system irquios kinship Sudanse kinship eskimo kinship Crow kinship Omaha kinship
Discuss possibilities for the increased divorce rates
Decline in ‘traditional certainties’
Medical advances e.g. surrogacy, ivf
Better legislation making it easier
Define plastic sexuality
It is a term by giddens which described:
Flexibility of erotic expression,
Individual choice,
context of social change,
Define the state and it’s relationship to family
A political apparatus ruiling over a given territory, with an authority backed by law and the ability to use force
(Giddens).
The state defines, controls and helps family.
Define: Gestational mother
carries and gives birth to the child
Social mother
the mother who raises child
biological mother
contributes the ovum/ genetic mother
supriousness hypothesis
Child’s dysfunctions aren’t linked to family structure and whether parents were actively disruptive
selection hypothesis
Parents have traits that lead to divorce and also contribute to poor parenting causing child’s dysfunctions.
Schneider argued that the biological assumptions of ‘us american family that is formed according to the laws of nature’ are culturally specific. Explain what he means.
American kinship is compromised of blood ties, marriage and procreation.
Three profound shifts in the western conceptualization of contraception, reproduction and parenthood.
The three shifts for marriage. It’s contraception made available to every woman, fragmentation and organic unity.
