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Oceanography - Biology > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which ancient greek philosopher focused on marine biology?

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

On what boat did Darwin sail and where did he spend most of his time?

A

Beagle

Galapagos

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3
Q

Which type of books had mythical creatures inside?

A

Beastiaries

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4
Q

Which two additions to ships helped advance oceanography in the 19th century?

A

Steamship - smokestack

Steel wire rope

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5
Q

Which vessel was the first to probe the depths of the deepest part of the ocean?

A

Challenger

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6
Q

How old is the universe

A

14 billion years

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7
Q

How old is the earth

A

4.6 billion years

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8
Q

when was the oxygen revolution on Earth?

A

2.5 billion years

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9
Q

Which organism were responsible for the oxygen revolution

A

cyanobacteria

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10
Q

What are stromatolites

A

Rocks of cemented cyanobacteria, layered bio-chemical accretionary structures

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11
Q

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

prokaryotes have naked DNA

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12
Q

What organism is left out of the tree of life

A

virus

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13
Q

examples of cyanobacteria

A

trichodesmium

prochloroccus

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14
Q

What eukaryotic marine organism can cause red tides and doesn’t form sediments

A

dinoflagellates

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15
Q

Marine phytoplankton that has a whip + sediment type

A

coccolithophores + calcium carbonate

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16
Q

Marine phytoplankton that doesn’t have a whip + sediment type

A

diatom + siliceous ooze

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17
Q

Name two animal plankton that form sediment

A

radiolarian - siliceous

forminifera - calcium carbonate

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18
Q

Most abundant omnivore in eh ocean

A

copepod

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19
Q

most abundant carnivore

A

arrow worm

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20
Q

how do seastars and molluscs move

A

tube feet

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21
Q

adaption of cuttlefish

A

ink for concealment

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22
Q

how to shellfish such as scallops move

A

clapping jaws

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23
Q

instead of ships what are used

A

satellite and submarines

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24
Q

what did Darwin proposed

A

earth older than 1000 years
single family tree
evolution

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25
Q

name other big boats

A

challenger, blake, meteor, discovery, atlantis, galathea

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26
Q

give reason for expedition

A

deep sea telegraph cable

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27
Q

how old is the ocean

A

4 billion years

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28
Q

how old are cyanobacteria

A

3.4 billion years

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29
Q

what bacteria makes you seasick and decomposes dead and harms coral

A

vibrio

30
Q

which cyanobacteria fix nitrogen

A

trichodesmium

31
Q

what is the most common cyanobacteria

A

prochlorococcus - low nutrient requirement

32
Q

where are marine fungi found?

A

rotting wood

33
Q

what are acantarians

A

strange radiolarians with sketeons that dissolve quickly after the animal dies

34
Q

give an example of green algae that makes calcium carbonate

A

halimeda

35
Q

which red algae sticks coral together

A

red coralline algae

36
Q

which brown algae washes up on the beach

A

giant kelp

37
Q

where are sea grasses found

A

shallow in meadows with flowers, fruits and seeds

38
Q

what are mangrove trees like

A

flowering, bugger coasts from damage, provide nutrients, food chain, baby fish

39
Q

what sketelon do sponges have

A

calcium carbonate or silica

40
Q

give examples of cnidarians

A

anemones, jellyfish, siphonophores, coral

41
Q

what are siphonophores made of

A

gas filled float and tenticles

42
Q

examples of molluscs

A

snails, slugs, clams, squid, octopus, sea butterflies, bivalves

43
Q

examples of arthropods

A

sea striders, and crustaceans; lobsters, crabs, shrimp and copepods, barnacles

44
Q

which worm lives in hydrothermal vents

A

riftia

45
Q

examples of echinoderms

A

sea urchins, sea cucumbers and starfish

46
Q

examples of vertebrates

A

iguanas, sea snakes, fishes, sharks, mammals

47
Q

in 1 milliter how many viruses are there?

A

10 million

48
Q

in 1 milliter how many bacteria are there?

A

1 million

49
Q

in 1 milliter how many cyanobacteria are there?

A

100,000

50
Q

in 1 milliter how many phytoplankton are there

A

1000

51
Q

what are the 4 main life styles in the sea

A

pleuston
plankton
nekton
benthos

52
Q

where is pleuston

A

only at air water interface

53
Q

where is plankton

A

surface and gradually throughout sea

54
Q

where is nekton

A

mainly at surface and bottom

55
Q

what is the epipelagic zone

A

0-200m

56
Q

what is the mesopelagic zone

A

200-1000m

57
Q

what is the bathypelagic zone

A

1000- bottom

58
Q

where is the benthos zone

A

intertidal to 50m

59
Q

general characteristics of pleuston

A

mostly animals, 1 plant, few species, many individuals of each species, tropical/sub-tropical, blue or purple, natural UV blockers

60
Q

animals in pleuston

A

siphonophores, molluscs (snails), purple sea slug, sea strider

61
Q

which plant lives in pleuston?

A

Sargasso weed

62
Q

Main plankton?

A

prochlorococcus

trichodesium

63
Q

which is bigger? Animal or plant plankton

A

animal

64
Q

where do permeanent animal plankton remain

A

top

65
Q

where do temporary animal plankton remain

A

developmental stages at the top and adults on the bottom

66
Q

Why do animal plankton migrate?

A

avoid day predators, avoid plankton poison, use deep countercurrent to stay in one geographical location

67
Q

give examples of nekton

A

big shrimp, squid, siphonophores, fish, sharks and mammals

68
Q

characteristics of animals in epipelagic zone

A

streamlined and countershaded

69
Q

characteristics of fish/animals in mesopelgic

A

unstreamlined, silver fish

red animals

70
Q

what is the deep scattering layer caused by

A

animals containing gas bubbles cause sound waves the reflect at gas-water boundary

Oceanography - Biology (1 decks)

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