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PCP > questions > Flashcards

questions Flashcards

1
Q

How long is pain for MI vs angina ?

A

MI >20 mins, angina - minutes

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2
Q

What are the cardiovascular risk factors

A 
Smoking
Hypertension 
Hyperlipidaemia
Diabetes
Sedentary lifestyle
Poor diet
Family history 
Age 
Gender
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3
Q

How is severity measured for intermittent claudication

A

Distance patient can walk before developing pain

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4
Q

How do you measure BMI

A

Weight (kg) / height 2 (m)

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5
Q

Classifications for BMI

A
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6
Q

How to measure WHR

A

Waist /hip circumference

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7
Q

What do you look for in hands in cardio exam

A

Nicotine stains, clubbling, anaemia

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8
Q

What are the heart borders

A
  • Superior - line joining 2nd left and 3rd right costal cartilages, 2cm from sternal edge
  • Right - line joining 3rd right and 6th right costal cartilages, 2cm from sternal edge
  • Inferior - 6th right costal cartilage to 5th left intercostal space in mid clavicular line, 2cm from sternal edge
  • Left - 5th left intercostal space in mid clavicular line to 2nd left costal cartilage, 2cm from sternal edge
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9
Q

Where are valves - surface anatomy

A

Line in oblique line behind sternum, from 2nd left to right 6th costal cartilage
From superior to inferior - PAMT

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10
Q

Where listen for each valve

A

Mitral - apex
Tricuspid - left side of sternum at 5th costal cartilage
Pulmonary - left of sternum in 2nd intercostal space
Aortic - right of sternum in 2nd intercostal space
(MTPA)

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11
Q

What are you looking for in hands in resp exam

A

Clubbing, nicotine stains, anaemia

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12
Q

Surface anatomy - apex of lungs

A

2.5cm above medial 3rd of clavicles

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13
Q

Medial right left borders of lungs

A

Medial - lateral border of sternum to 4th costal cartilage
Right - downwards to 6th rib in mid clavicular line, 8th in mid-axillary, 10th rib adacent to vertebral column posteriorly
Left - similar except deviates laterally at 4th costal cartilage to form cardiac notch

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14
Q

Posterior border of lung

A

C7 to T10 4cm from midline

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15
Q

Oblique fissure

A

Spinous process of T2 to 6th costal cartilage anteriorly

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16
Q

Right horizontal fissure

A

4th costal cartilage back to oblique fissure

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17
Q

Lines of pleural reflection

A

Parallel those of lungs, but pass further inferiorly to 8th rib in mid-clavicular line, 10th in mix-axillary, 12th in paravertebral

18
Q

definition of chronic cough

A

> 8 weeks

19
Q

haemoptysis vs haematemesis what does blood look like

A

haemoptysis - bright red and frothy

haematemesis - dark red, not frothy

20
Q

abdo exam - what looking for in hands

A

leuconychia, clubbing, palmar erythema, pallor of palmar creases, dupuytren’s contracture

21
Q

what causes metabolic flap

A

advanced liver disease - caused by hepatic encephalopathy which occurs when high levels of ammonia interfere with brain cell function

22
Q

where are spider naevi usually, what sign of

A

neck, chest, arms, back

sign of chronic liver disease (can occur with pregnancy, pill)

23
Q

two types of dysphagia

A

oropharyngeal - problem with initiation

oesophageal - problem after initiation

24
Q

some causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia

A

MS, stroke, parkinsons, myesthenia gravis

25
Q

two reasons for oesophageal dysphagia

A

mechanical obstruction - problem with solids only, all the time
motility disorder - problem with solids and liquids, intermittent

26
Q

margins of liver

A

plane between nipples, protrudes from costal margin only on deep inspiration

27
Q

margins of call bladder

A

projects just below liver where mid-clavicular line crosses costal margin

28
Q

mcBurney’s point

A

1/3rd way along line from right ASIS to umbilicus

29
Q

position of kidneys

A

left - rib 11 to L3

right - rib 12 to L3

30
Q

position of spleen

A

posteriorly along line of left 9th to 11th rib, following contour of 10th rib, antero-laterally to left kidney, extending around to mid-axillary line

31
Q

acute subacute and chronic diarrhoea classification

A

acute - less or equal to 10 days
subacute - 2-4 weeks
chronic - > 4 months

32
Q

cause of post-hepatic jaundice

A

obstruction

33
Q

cause of pre-hepatic jaundice

A

haemolysis

34
Q

cause of hepatic jaundice

A

decreased uptake conjugation or secretion of bile

35
Q

causes of post-hepatic jaundice

A

stones, cancer, cholangitis

36
Q

causes of pre-hepatic jaundice

A

haemoglobinopathies, drugs, malaria

37
Q

causes of hepatic jaundice

A

hepatitis, cirrhosis, cancer, gilberts

38
Q

conjugated or unconjugated in types of jaundice

A

pre - unconjugated
hepatic - mixed
post - conjugated

39
Q

stool colour in types of jaundice

A

pre - normal
hepatic- pale stool, dark urine
post - pale stool, dark urine

40
Q

itchyness in types of jaundice

A

pre - nothing
hepatic - transient
post - HEAPS

41
Q

what can bring on jaundice in gilberts

A

viral illness, fasting

42
Q

4 Ps of jaundice

A

pee, poo, pruritus, pain

PCP (2 decks)

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