Questions Flashcards
A methodology in research is
a set of principles that directs research
A quantitative methodology
is only concerned with phenomena that can be objectively measured
What is not a key feature of quantitative research?
The results must only be clearly described in words
Case control studies
are a type of observational study.
What is not one of the Bradford Hill criteria for causation?
The triangulation of the relationship
Null Hypothesis testing is
where a statement is made about there being ‘no difference’ between groups.
In quantitative research terms, an AIM is
the overall /broad statement of what you intend to do
The ‘study sample’ is
patients drawn from the study population.
The main reason for using randomisation to allocate treatments to patients in a controlled trial is to
prevent certain types of bias
A method of allocation LEAST LIKELY to achieve balance of important patient characteristics between groups is to use
Simple randomisation
Reliability addresses whether
repeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result given the same initial circumstances
The main outcome for a study is called
The primary outcome
Validity in a study means
The measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure
What is a threat to internal validity in a trial?
Maturation
The Hawthorne effect is
A participant’s response to being in a study
A type 2 error is
a false negative result
What ‘p values’ is be the MOST statistically significant?
p≤0.001
Statistics that produce ‘p values’ are called
inferential statistics
Baseline data is
the data that is collected before the intervention but after the recruitment
Which level of measurement has a fixed zero?
Ratio
Qualitative research is useful when
little is known about a subject or problem
Samples in qualitative studies are
usually small
Qualitative researchers believe that
the social world is constructed through human activity
A methodological approach that studies the lived experience of individuals is
phenomenology
Qualitative samples
do not need to represent the population from which they came
The strongest sampling strategy in Qualitative Research is
purposive
The sample size in qualitative research is BEST determined by
data saturation
Purposive sampling involves
selecting participants who can give you the most information
The weakest form of sampling is
Convenience sampling
An interview topic guide is
a set of headings that guides the discussion
Focus groups can be useful
to encourage discussion about a topic
The OPTIMAL size for a focus group is
8-10
Which of the following is NEVER an aim of qualitative data analysis
to attribute cause
In qualitative data analysis
counting can be useful
Software packages in qualitative data analysis
help with organizing the data
An audit trail is
the decisions made by the researcher to reach the conclusions presented
Triangulation involves
researching the topic from different perspectives
It is important to present quotes from
a variety of participants
In a qualitative paper you would expect the relationship between the researcher and participants to be
Described
What is purposive sampling
Selecting people who will be most informative
Snowball sampling
Where participants are asked for others with similar experiences
Homogenous sampling
Focus on a particular group and understand them well
Theoretical sampling
Used to find participants who will help the researcher to develop a theory
What is the power of a study?
Probability of being able to detect differences between study groups
