Questions Flashcards

(74 cards)

1
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate is administered by all of the following routes EXCEPT…

A

Orally

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2
Q

A patient takes 100mg of a drug with a half-life of 4 hours. After 24 hours how much of the drug will remain?

A

1.56mg

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3
Q

Which tissue receives the most blood flow?

A

Kidneys

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4
Q

The process of facilitated diffusion…

A

Can become saturated

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5
Q

If a patient has cirrhosis of the liver…

A

Plasma half life increases

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6
Q

Consider the oral administration of drugs…

A

The drug should be largely lipid soluble

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7
Q

Phase I reactions…

A

The products can be more chemically reactive than the parent drug

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8
Q

Name an inhaled general anaesthetic

A

Enflurane, Desflurane, isoflurane

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9
Q

What is not a common use for a local anaesthetic?

A

Intravenous injection

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10
Q

Name an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

A

GABA

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11
Q

What can Hypothyroidism be caused by?

A

Iodine deficiency

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12
Q

Glucocorticoids…

A

Must be withdrawn gradually

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13
Q

The combined oral contraceptive pill…

A

Can interact with some hepatic enzyme inducers

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14
Q

Heparin…

A

Inhibits action of thrombin, Factors X & IX

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15
Q

Fibrinolytic drugs…

A

Are used to treat cardiovascular thrombosis

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16
Q

Which drugs interferes with the COX enzyme?

A

Aspirin

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17
Q

Calcium channel blockers (e.g. nifedipine) work by…

A

reducing the force of contraction of the heart

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18
Q

Captopril is an anti-hypertensive drug which blocks the formation of…

A

Angiotensin 11

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19
Q

Which organ is not a target for anti-hypertensive drugs?

A

Liver

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20
Q

Which drug might be used to treat angina pectoris?

A

GTN

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21
Q

Which technique might be used to diagnose a cardiac dysrhythmia?

A

ECG

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22
Q

Which channels are NOT targets for anti-dysrhythmic drugs?

A

Chloride channels

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23
Q

Salbutamol acts on β-receptors. These receptors found in all of the following locations except…

A

The skin

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24
Q

Name a likely side effect of prolonged corticosteroid treatment?

A

Muscle wasting

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25
Name a preventer drug rather than a reliever drug...
Beclametasone
26
Which drug acts on the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Bumetanide
27
Sprironolactone...
Is an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic
28
Diuretics...
May cause postural hypotension
29
Antacids...
Relieve dyspepsia
30
Antispasmodics such dicycloverine reduce intestinal spasm in...
Irritable bowel syndrome
31
Opioid derivatives...
May be used to treat acute diarrhea
32
Which of the following statements can be applied to aspirin?
Aspirin is effective against mild pain
33
What is the correct pathway for the transfer of sensory information from the nociceptor to the brain?
Nociceptor – Dorsal horn of spinal cord – Spinothalamic tract – Ventral posterior lateral nucleus in the thalamus – Sensory cortex.
34
Morphine...
Can cause respiratory depression
35
Nociceptors...
Are sensitive to the chemical substances released by damaged cells or tissues
36
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are NOT usually associated with...
Constipation
37
Indapamide (thiazide-like diuretic) can have what adverse effect?
Erectile dysfunction
38
What is the main difference between unfractionated and low molecular weight (LMW) heparin?
Unfractionated forms a complex with antithrombin III, in comparison to LMW which forms a complex with Xa
39
What is not a method of administering Calcitonin?
Oral
40
Vasopressin and desmopressin are used for what medical condition?
Central diabetes insipidus
41
In cardiac arrest atropine is given because
It blocks Vagus activity increasing cardiac rate
42
Digoxin is given daily as its half-life is...
36 hours
43
Statins work by...
Blocking the enzyme in the liver that is responsible for making cholesterol
44
What is not a side effect of Antimuscarinic drugs?
Hypotension
45
How long does it take for the onset of Warfarin's anticoagulant effect?
3-4 days
46
Losartan is often preferred to Enalapril in the treatment of hypotension because it...
Does not cause a dry cough
47
Which drug needs to be taken with a potassium supplement?
Bendroflumethazide
48
What class of drug is Omalizumab?
A humanized antibody
49
Atropine is used to treat...
Bradycardia
50
What is the most common side effect of opioid analgesics?
Constipation
51
In which region of the GI tract to antispasmodics act?
Lower GI tract
52
Oedema is a common side effect of which class of anti-hypertensive drug?
Calcium Channel Blockers
53
What is Epoprostenol’s mechanism of action?
Inhibits Phosphodiestersase enzyme (PDE)
54
What is the mechanism of action for Opioid Analgesics?
Binding to receptors in synapse in the dorsal horn
55
What other class of drug is commonly prescribed to those with long term NSAID use?
H+ pump inhibitors
56
What effects do inotropic agents have?
Affect intracellular calcium levels causing increased muscle contractility Decrease cardiac workload Decreases blood volume
57
Streptokinase...
Should not be used in patients after a streptococcal infection
58
What is the mechanism of action of Ramipiril?
Inhibits the ACE enzyme
59
Clomiphene acts as a...
Oestrogen antagonist at receptors in the Hypothalamus
60
Proton Pump Inhibitors interfere with the metabolism of which of the following?
Diazepam Phenytoin Warfarin
61
What is the method of action of Sucralfate?
Acts locally to coat ulcers
62
What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab?
Binds to receptors on mast cells to prevent inflammatory mediator release
63
Which routes of administration are most suitable for general anaesthetics?
Intravenous and inhalation
64
A common side-effect of the opioid analgesic, morphine is
Constipation
65
Binding of drugs to proteins in the plasma...
reduces the amount of free or active drug circulating in the plasma
66
Which organ is the main site of absorption for orally administered drugs?
Small intestine
67
A patient takes 20mg of a drug with a half-life of 2 hours. After 8 hours, how much of the drug will remain?
1.25mg
68
The following can be used to treat hyperthyroidism
Carbimazole
69
What is NOT an adverse reaction to oral glucocorticoids?
Hypotension
70
The neurotransmitter that is found at postganglionic nerve terminals in the sympathetic nervous system is...
Noradrenaline
71
Name an oestrogen antagonist...
Tamoxifen
72
Name a drug used in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies...
Oestradiol
73
Name a progestogen used in combined oral contraceptive pills
Gestodene
74
Name a drug used to treat adrenal insufficiency
Aldosterone (fludrocortisone)