Questions

Question 1

Glyceryl trinitrate is administered by all of the following routes EXCEPT…

Answer 1

Orally

Question 2

A patient takes 100mg of a drug with a half-life of 4 hours. After 24 hours how much of the drug will remain?

Answer 2

1.56mg

Question 3

Which tissue receives the most blood flow?

Answer 3

Kidneys

Question 4

The process of facilitated diffusion…

Answer 4

Can become saturated

Question 5

If a patient has cirrhosis of the liver…

Answer 5

Plasma half life increases

Question 6

Consider the oral administration of drugs…

Answer 6

The drug should be largely lipid soluble

Question 7

Phase I reactions…

Answer 7

The products can be more chemically reactive than the parent drug

Question 8

Name an inhaled general anaesthetic

Answer 8

Enflurane, Desflurane, isoflurane

Question 9

What is not a common use for a local anaesthetic?

Answer 9

Intravenous injection

Question 10

Name an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

Answer 10

GABA

Question 11

What can Hypothyroidism be caused by?

Answer 11

Iodine deficiency

Question 12

Glucocorticoids…

Answer 12

Must be withdrawn gradually

Question 13

The combined oral contraceptive pill…

Answer 13

Can interact with some hepatic enzyme inducers

Question 14

Heparin…

Answer 14

Inhibits action of thrombin, Factors X & IX

Question 15

Fibrinolytic drugs…

Answer 15

Are used to treat cardiovascular thrombosis

Question 16

Which drugs interferes with the COX enzyme?

Answer 16

Aspirin

Question 17

Calcium channel blockers (e.g. nifedipine) work by…

Answer 17

reducing the force of contraction of the heart

Question 18

Captopril is an anti-hypertensive drug which blocks the formation of…

Answer 18

Angiotensin 11

Question 19

Which organ is not a target for anti-hypertensive drugs?

Answer 19

Liver

Question 20

Which drug might be used to treat angina pectoris?

Answer 20

GTN

Question 21

Which technique might be used to diagnose a cardiac dysrhythmia?

Answer 21

ECG

Question 22

Which channels are NOT targets for anti-dysrhythmic drugs?

Answer 22

Chloride channels

Question 23

Salbutamol acts on β-receptors. These receptors found in all of the following locations except…

Answer 23

The skin

Question 24

Name a likely side effect of prolonged corticosteroid treatment?

Answer 24

Muscle wasting

Question 25

Name a preventer drug rather than a reliever drug...

Answer 25

Beclametasone

Question 26

Which drug acts on the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Answer 26

Bumetanide

Question 27

Sprironolactone...

Answer 27

Is an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic

Question 28

Diuretics...

Answer 28

May cause postural hypotension

Question 29

Antacids...

Answer 29

Relieve dyspepsia

Question 30

Antispasmodics such dicycloverine reduce intestinal spasm in...

Answer 30

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 31

Opioid derivatives...

Answer 31

May be used to treat acute diarrhea

Question 32

Which of the following statements can be applied to aspirin?

Answer 32

Aspirin is effective against mild pain

Question 33

What is the correct pathway for the transfer of sensory information from the nociceptor to the brain?

Answer 33

Nociceptor – Dorsal horn of spinal cord – Spinothalamic tract – Ventral posterior lateral nucleus in the thalamus – Sensory cortex.

Question 34

Morphine...

Answer 34

Can cause respiratory depression

Question 35

Nociceptors...

Answer 35

Are sensitive to the chemical substances released by damaged cells or tissues

Question 36

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are NOT usually associated with...

Answer 36

Constipation

Question 37

Indapamide (thiazide-like diuretic) can have what adverse effect?

Answer 37

Erectile dysfunction

Question 38

What is the main difference between unfractionated and low molecular weight (LMW) heparin?

Answer 38

Unfractionated forms a complex with antithrombin III, in comparison to LMW which forms a complex with Xa

Question 39

What is not a method of administering Calcitonin?

Answer 39

Oral

Question 40

Vasopressin and desmopressin are used for what medical condition?

Answer 40

Central diabetes insipidus

Question 41

In cardiac arrest atropine is given because

Answer 41

It blocks Vagus activity increasing cardiac rate

Question 42

Digoxin is given daily as its half-life is...

Answer 42

36 hours

Question 43

Statins work by...

Answer 43

Blocking the enzyme in the liver that is responsible for making cholesterol

Question 44

What is not a side effect of Antimuscarinic drugs?

Answer 44

Hypotension

Question 45

How long does it take for the onset of Warfarin's anticoagulant effect?

Answer 45

3-4 days

Question 46

Losartan is often preferred to Enalapril in the treatment of hypotension because it...

Answer 46

Does not cause a dry cough

Question 47

Which drug needs to be taken with a potassium supplement?

Answer 47

Bendroflumethazide

Question 48

What class of drug is Omalizumab?

Answer 48

A humanized antibody

Question 49

Atropine is used to treat...

Answer 49

Bradycardia

Question 50

What is the most common side effect of opioid analgesics?

Answer 50

Constipation

Question 51

In which region of the GI tract to antispasmodics act?

Answer 51

Lower GI tract

Question 52

Oedema is a common side effect of which class of anti-hypertensive drug?

Answer 52

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 53

What is Epoprostenol’s mechanism of action?

Answer 53

Inhibits Phosphodiestersase enzyme (PDE)

Question 54

What is the mechanism of action for Opioid Analgesics?

Answer 54

Binding to receptors in synapse in the dorsal horn

Question 55

What other class of drug is commonly prescribed to those with long term NSAID use?

Answer 55

H+ pump inhibitors

Question 56

What effects do inotropic agents have?

Answer 56

Affect intracellular calcium levels causing increased muscle contractility Decrease cardiac workload Decreases blood volume

Question 57

Streptokinase...

Answer 57

Should not be used in patients after a streptococcal infection

Question 58

What is the mechanism of action of Ramipiril?

Answer 58

Inhibits the ACE enzyme

Question 59

Clomiphene acts as a...

Answer 59

Oestrogen antagonist at receptors in the Hypothalamus

Question 60

Proton Pump Inhibitors interfere with the metabolism of which of the following?

Answer 60

Diazepam Phenytoin Warfarin

Question 61

What is the method of action of Sucralfate?

Answer 61

Acts locally to coat ulcers

Question 62

What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab?

Answer 62

Binds to receptors on mast cells to prevent inflammatory mediator release

Question 63

Which routes of administration are most suitable for general anaesthetics?

Answer 63

Intravenous and inhalation

Question 64

A common side-effect of the opioid analgesic, morphine is

Answer 64

Constipation

Question 65

Binding of drugs to proteins in the plasma...

Answer 65

reduces the amount of free or active drug circulating in the plasma

Question 66

Which organ is the main site of absorption for orally administered drugs?

Answer 66

Small intestine

Question 67

A patient takes 20mg of a drug with a half-life of 2 hours. After 8 hours, how much of the drug will remain?

Answer 67

1.25mg

Question 68

The following can be used to treat hyperthyroidism

Answer 68

Carbimazole

Question 69

What is NOT an adverse reaction to oral glucocorticoids?

Answer 69

Hypotension

Question 70

The neurotransmitter that is found at postganglionic nerve terminals in the sympathetic nervous system is...

Answer 70

Noradrenaline

Question 71

Name an oestrogen antagonist...

Answer 71

Tamoxifen

Question 72

Name a drug used in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies...

Answer 72

Oestradiol

Question 73

Name a progestogen used in combined oral contraceptive pills

Answer 73

Gestodene

Question 74

Name a drug used to treat adrenal insufficiency

Answer 74

Aldosterone (fludrocortisone)