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10: Pain > questions > Flashcards

questions Flashcards

0
Q

what is the leading cause of musculoskeletal pain?

A

osteoarthritis

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1
Q

define: cephalgia

A

Head pain

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2
Q

which antiseizure drug commonly used to treat neuropathic pain should be avoided during pregnancy?

A

phenytoin

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3
Q

define: acute pain

A

sudden pain that results from injury or inflammation and is usually self-limiting

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4
Q

what are adverse reactions of all NSAIDs and aspirins?(3)

A

nausea
G.I. bleeding
ulceration

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5
Q

what is crepitus?

A

creaking joints

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6
Q

define: plasticity

A

ability of the brain to restructure itself and adapt to injury

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6
Q

which drug has the following side effects: ataxia, bruising, jaundice, and visual disturbances

A

carbamazepine

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8
Q

define: cluster headache

A

intensely painful vascular headache that occurs in groups and produces pain on one side of the head

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8
Q

where the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

lips, eyes, nose, scalp, forehead, upper jaw, and lower jaw

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9
Q

what are the three classifications of opioids ?

A
  1. agonists
  2. antagonists
  3. mixed agonist/antagonist
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11
Q

define: diabetic neuropathy

A

peripheral nerve disorder caused by diabetes and causing numbness, pain, or tingling in the feet or legs

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12
Q

define: euphoria

A

State of intense happiness or well-being; the opposite of dysphoria

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12
Q

_______ can cause hepatotoxicity.

A

acetaminophen

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13
Q

define: breakthrough pain

A

pain that occurs between scheduled doses of analgesics

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13
Q

histamine and bradykinin produce______, _______, and ______.

A
  1. inflammation
  2. vasodilation
  3. pain
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16
Q

define: analgesic

A

drug that reduces pain

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17
Q

how is shingles caused?

A

The herpes zoster virus, which causes chickenpox, lays dormant in nerve endings until activated. shingles cannot be cured

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18
Q

define: hyperalgesia

A

heightened sensitivity to pain that can result from treatment of chronic pain with high-dose opioids.

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18
Q

Burning and stinging are side effects to what commonly used drug to treat neuropathic pain?

A

capsaicin

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19
Q

opiates are _______ substances, and have been used for more than 2000 years to induce sleep and euphoria and to relieve diarrhea.

A

naturally occurring substances that are derived from opium poppy

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20
Q

define: endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphin

A

substances released by the body in response to painful stimuli that act as natural painkillers

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22
Q

______ and _______ are released in response to tissue injury and are part of the immune system response.

A
  1. histamine

2. bradykinin

23
Q

define: inflammation

A

A response to tissue irritation or injury that is marked by signs of redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

23
Q

what is the average onset of action of orally administered opioids?

A

30 minutes

24
Q

define: migraine

A

vascular headache that is often accompanied by nausea and visual disturbances

25
Q

define: neuropathic pain

A

type of pain associated with nerve injury caused by trauma, infection, or chronic diseases such as diabetes

27
Q

on which commonly used non-opioid analgesic would you find the warning label “swallow whole; do not crush or chew”?

A

oxicams:

meloxicam and piroxicam

28
Q

process of pain signal transmission(4 steps)

A
  1. transduction
  2. transmission
  3. modulation
  4. perception
29
Q

it is the most common type of pain?

A

back pain

-only 20% of people experiencing lower back pain seek medical attention

30
Q

define: NSAID

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

31
Q

define: acupuncture

A

Nonpharmacological treatment for pain that involves the application of needles to precise points on the body

31
Q

what are adverse reactions caused by morphine, codeine, and fentanyl?(5)

A 
euphoria
respiratory depression
pupillary constriction
constipation
physical dependence
33
Q

define: arthritis

A

condition that is associated with joint pain

34
Q

what are some adverse reaction of Pentazocine?(3)

A

sedation
constipation
G.I. upset
-chronic use me additionally produce hyperalgesia, sexual dysfunction, and decrease immune response

35
Q

define: opioid

A

naturally occurring or synthetically derived analgesic with properties similar to those of morphine

36
Q

define: nociceptors

A

The nerve fibers in skin, muscle, and other body tissues to carry pain signals

37
Q

T/F: osteoarthritis pain occurs after activity

A

false

May occur after activity or at rest

38
Q

T/F: opioids decrease painful sensations and rise the threshold for pain

A

true .

39
Q

define: PCA

A

patient controlled analgesia

40
Q

define: substance P

A

peptide that is involved in the production of pain sensations and controls pain perception

40
Q

what warning labels can be found on opioid antagonists?(3)

A
  1. May cause drowsiness
  2. May impair ability to drive
  3. avoid alcohol
41
Q

define: chronic pain

A

pain that persists for a long period of time that is worsened by psychological factors and is resistant to many medical treatments

41
Q

define: trigeminal neuralgia

A

painful condition that produces intense, stabbing pain in areas of the face innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve

42
Q

what type of burns are the most severe?

A

third-degree burns are the most severe because the skin has been destroyed

42
Q

______ can cause fluid retention, leading to increased blood pressure

A

NSAIDs

43
Q

define: dysphoria

A

feeling of emotional or mental discomfort, restlessness, and depression; the opposite of euphoria

45
Q

what are some symptoms of osteoarthritis?(4)

A

joint pain
stiffness
swelling
crepitus

46
Q

define: shingles

A

reoccurring and painful rash caused by the herpes zoster virus

48
Q

what is the onset of action of parenterally administered opioids?

A

10-15 minutes , a few begin working in less than five minutes.

50
Q

define: biofeedback

A

Nonpharmacological treatment of pain that involves relaxation techniques and gaining self-control over muscle tension, heart rate, and skin temperature

51
Q

T/F: aspirin is eliminated in the urine

A

true

52
Q

what are some risk factors for osteoarthritis?(5)

A
  1. previous joint injury/surgery
  2. obesity
  3. increasing age
  4. muscle weakness
  5. occupations that involve excessive joint use
53
Q

what are some warning labels found on diclofenac?(3)

A
  1. take with food
  2. May cause dizziness or drowsiness
  3. avoid aspirin and related drugs
54
Q

define: opiate naïve

A

no current exposure to opioids

56
Q

_______ enhances the response to painful stimuli.

A

Glutamate

66
Q

_______is the most common of all arthritic conditions.

A

osteoarthritis

10: Pain (2 decks)

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