questions

Question 0

what is the leading cause of musculoskeletal pain?

Answer 0

osteoarthritis

Question 1

define: cephalgia

Answer 1

Head pain

Question 2

which antiseizure drug commonly used to treat neuropathic pain should be avoided during pregnancy?

Answer 2

phenytoin

Question 3

define: acute pain

Answer 3

sudden pain that results from injury or inflammation and is usually self-limiting

Question 4

what are adverse reactions of all NSAIDs and aspirins?(3)

Answer 4

nausea
G.I. bleeding
ulceration

Question 5

what is crepitus?

Answer 5

creaking joints

Question 6

define: plasticity

Answer 6

ability of the brain to restructure itself and adapt to injury

Question 6

which drug has the following side effects: ataxia, bruising, jaundice, and visual disturbances

Answer 6

carbamazepine

Question 8

define: cluster headache

Answer 8

intensely painful vascular headache that occurs in groups and produces pain on one side of the head

Question 8

where the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 8

lips, eyes, nose, scalp, forehead, upper jaw, and lower jaw

Question 9

what are the three classifications of opioids ?

Answer 9

1. agonists
2. antagonists
3. mixed agonist/antagonist

Question 11

define: diabetic neuropathy

Answer 11

peripheral nerve disorder caused by diabetes and causing numbness, pain, or tingling in the feet or legs

Question 12

define: euphoria

Answer 12

State of intense happiness or well-being; the opposite of dysphoria

Question 12

_______ can cause hepatotoxicity.

Answer 12

acetaminophen

Question 13

define: breakthrough pain

Answer 13

pain that occurs between scheduled doses of analgesics

Question 13

histamine and bradykinin produce______, _______, and ______.

Answer 13

1. inflammation
2. vasodilation
3. pain

Question 16

define: analgesic

Answer 16

drug that reduces pain

Question 17

how is shingles caused?

Answer 17

The herpes zoster virus, which causes chickenpox, lays dormant in nerve endings until activated. shingles cannot be cured

Question 18

define: hyperalgesia

Answer 18

heightened sensitivity to pain that can result from treatment of chronic pain with high-dose opioids.

Question 18

Burning and stinging are side effects to what commonly used drug to treat neuropathic pain?

Answer 18

capsaicin

Question 19

opiates are _______ substances, and have been used for more than 2000 years to induce sleep and euphoria and to relieve diarrhea.

Answer 19

naturally occurring substances that are derived from opium poppy

Question 20

define: endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphin

Answer 20

substances released by the body in response to painful stimuli that act as natural painkillers

Question 22

______ and _______ are released in response to tissue injury and are part of the immune system response.

Answer 22

1. histamine

2. bradykinin

Question 23

define: inflammation

Answer 23

A response to tissue irritation or injury that is marked by signs of redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

Question 23

what is the average onset of action of orally administered opioids?

Answer 23

30 minutes

Question 24

define: migraine

Answer 24

vascular headache that is often accompanied by nausea and visual disturbances

Question 25

define: neuropathic pain

Answer 25

type of pain associated with nerve injury caused by trauma, infection, or chronic diseases such as diabetes

Question 27

on which commonly used non-opioid analgesic would you find the warning label "swallow whole; do not crush or chew"?

Answer 27

oxicams: | meloxicam and piroxicam

Question 28

process of pain signal transmission(4 steps)

Answer 28

1. transduction 2. transmission 3. modulation 4. perception

Question 29

it is the most common type of pain?

Answer 29

back pain | -only 20% of people experiencing lower back pain seek medical attention

Question 30

define: NSAID

Answer 30

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Question 31

define: acupuncture

Answer 31

Nonpharmacological treatment for pain that involves the application of needles to precise points on the body

Question 31

what are adverse reactions caused by morphine, codeine, and fentanyl?(5)

Answer 31

``` euphoria respiratory depression pupillary constriction constipation physical dependence ```

Question 33

define: arthritis

Answer 33

condition that is associated with joint pain

Question 34

what are some adverse reaction of Pentazocine?(3)

Answer 34

sedation constipation G.I. upset -chronic use me additionally produce hyperalgesia, sexual dysfunction, and decrease immune response

Question 35

define: opioid

Answer 35

naturally occurring or synthetically derived analgesic with properties similar to those of morphine

Question 36

define: nociceptors

Answer 36

The nerve fibers in skin, muscle, and other body tissues to carry pain signals

Question 37

T/F: osteoarthritis pain occurs after activity

Answer 37

false | May occur after activity or at rest

Question 38

T/F: opioids decrease painful sensations and rise the threshold for pain

Answer 38

true .

Question 39

define: PCA

Answer 39

patient controlled analgesia

Question 40

define: substance P

Answer 40

peptide that is involved in the production of pain sensations and controls pain perception

Question 40

what warning labels can be found on opioid antagonists?(3)

Answer 40

1. May cause drowsiness 2. May impair ability to drive 3. avoid alcohol

Question 41

define: chronic pain

Answer 41

pain that persists for a long period of time that is worsened by psychological factors and is resistant to many medical treatments

Question 41

define: trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 41

painful condition that produces intense, stabbing pain in areas of the face innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve

Question 42

what type of burns are the most severe?

Answer 42

third-degree burns are the most severe because the skin has been destroyed

Question 42

______ can cause fluid retention, leading to increased blood pressure

Answer 42

NSAIDs

Question 43

define: dysphoria

Answer 43

feeling of emotional or mental discomfort, restlessness, and depression; the opposite of euphoria

Question 45

what are some symptoms of osteoarthritis?(4)

Answer 45

joint pain stiffness swelling crepitus

Question 46

define: shingles

Answer 46

reoccurring and painful rash caused by the herpes zoster virus

Question 48

what is the onset of action of parenterally administered opioids?

Answer 48

10-15 minutes , a few begin working in less than five minutes.

Question 50

define: biofeedback

Answer 50

Nonpharmacological treatment of pain that involves relaxation techniques and gaining self-control over muscle tension, heart rate, and skin temperature

Question 51

T/F: aspirin is eliminated in the urine

Answer 51

true

Question 52

what are some risk factors for osteoarthritis?(5)

Answer 52

1. previous joint injury/surgery 2. obesity 3. increasing age 4. muscle weakness 5. occupations that involve excessive joint use

Question 53

what are some warning labels found on diclofenac?(3)

Answer 53

1. take with food 2. May cause dizziness or drowsiness 3. avoid aspirin and related drugs

Question 54

define: opiate naïve

Answer 54

no current exposure to opioids

Question 56

_______ enhances the response to painful stimuli.

Answer 56

Glutamate

Question 66

_______is the most common of all arthritic conditions.

Answer 66

osteoarthritis