questions Flashcards
T/F: Dermatophytes thrive on dead keratin found on the top layer of skin, nails, and hair.
True
what antifungals belong to the thiocarbamate class?
tolnaftate is the only anti fungal is this class
what kind of fungal infection thrives in warm moist areas?
Candida (yeast)
what causes most fungal infections of the skin?
dermatophytes
where are Candida fungal infections found?(5)
- vagina
- groin
- penis
- skin folds
- mouth
how are mycoses caused by the Dermatophyte tinea named?
The site of infection
what are some tinea fungal infections?
- Tinea manus - hands
- Tinea corporis - body
- Tinea captitis - head (“cap”)
- Tinea unguium - nails
- Tinea pedis - foot
T/F: athletes foot is a common fungal infection that affects athletes
false
affects athletes and nonathletes
who is more susceptible to athletes foot?
individuals who have abrasions on the feet
T/F: many fungi are beneficial and do not cause disease
true
eg., mushrooms, penicillin
however others can cause severe illness
fungal infections are called______.
mycoses
what kind of infections are common and affect up to 20% of the population?
Dermatophyte
what are some ways to prevent athletes foot?(6)
- keep feet dry and clean
- wear open sandals to permit fee to breathe
- avoid walking barefoot across public facilities
- wear cotton socks
- change socks daily
- use antifungal powders to prevent recurrent infections
what causes ringworm infections?
tinea fungi
what are the five places ringworm may occur?
- scalp
- body
- feet
- fingernails
- toenails
is ringworm contagious? if so how is it spread?
yes, it is spread by physical contact with infected services or lesions
T/F: cats and dogs maybe carriers of ringworm and can spread it to humans
true
ringworm can spread between animals and humans
infections caused by T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, and M. canis get their common name how?
patches and plaques form in a distinctive circular pattern, giving the name ‘ring’ worm
T/F: ringworm is caused by an infectious worm
false
caused by a fungus
what is Tinea capitis?
occurs on the scalp and can cause bald patches
how are echinocandins administered??
parenterally
what is vulvovaginal candidiasis?
-also known as yeast vaginitis or moniliasis
what are the signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis?(4)
- itching
- cottage cheese like vaginal discharge
- Burning
- pain during intercourse
what is a candida infection and where is it found?
- thrush
- oral cavity
T/F: thrush is an opportunistic infection that occurs in adults with diseases that affect the immune system
true
what is another name for fungal infections of the nails?
onychomycosis
with which route of administration of drugs is it hard to treat onychomycosis? why?
hard to treat with topically applied antifungals because it is difficult for drugs to penetrate the nail and nail bed
T/F: age, diabetes, and poor hygiene are risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis
true
other factors include-decreased immune status, pregnancy, sexual activity, drug therapy
what kinds of drug therapy increase the risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis?(5)
- hormone replacement therapy
- oral contraceptives
- antibiotics
- immunosuppressives
- corticosteroids
what three fungal infections are cured using OTC drugs?
- Vulvovaginal candidiasis
- jock itch
- athletes foot
what are the three mechanisms of action for antifungal agents?
- destroying the fungi cell membrane
- interference with the synthesis of nucleic acids needed for replication
- inhibit the synthesis of the fungi cell wall
which imidazoles are RX only?(3)
- econazole
- oxiconazole
- sulconazole
what imidazoles are OTC?(5)
- butoconazole
- clotrimazole
- ketoconazole
- miconazole
- tioconazole
what is the method of administration of caspofungin?
parenterally(IV)
what are the five RX only triazoles?
- fluconazole
- irtaconazole
- posaconazole
- terconazole
- voriconazole
______&______ interfere with ergosterol, an essential components needed for the synthesis of the fungal cell membrane
imidazoles & triazoles
how do allylamine antifungals work?
stunt the growth of susceptible fungi are blocking an enzyme needed for the synthesis of ergosterol
what is the mechanism of action for thiocarbamates?
stunts the growth of susceptible dermatophytes
T/F: Turbinafine is effective against fungal infections of the nails
true
how long after discontinuing terbinafine to therapeutic levels persist in the skin?
2-3 weeks
how are polyene antifungal’s derived?
-from the fungi like bacteria streptomyces
what is nystatin used for?
treats candida infections of the skin and mucosas membranes.
what are amphotericin B drugs used in the treatment for?
systemic infections caused by candidiasis, histoplasma, and aspergilla.
what are four types of fungi?
- Mold
- mildew
- yeast
- mushrooms
where is the antibiotic penicillin derived from?
Mold
what is Aspergillus fumigatus?
A mold that also causes serious respiratory infection
how is candida identified?
A potassium hydroxide (KOH) stain is applied to a sample of cells from the infected area
T/F: thrush is most common infants
true
what are the adverse effects of thiocarbamates?
adverse reactions are mild; they include irritation of the site of application, itching, or burning
what is a common ending for some antifungal agents?
-azole
what are the adverse effects of echinocandins?
they can cause elevated liver enzyme levels, diarrhea, and hypokalemia
