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Nervous system > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The structural cell units of the nervous system that transmits electrical signals are the

A

Neurons

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2
Q

The nervous system of the body is made up of two sections. These are the

A

Central nervous system (CNS) and the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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3
Q

The central nervous system is composed of the

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

The peripheral nervous system is composed of the

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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5
Q

The peripheral nervous system is also divided into two divisions. These two are

A

Sensory and the motor

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6
Q

The motor division of the peripheral nervous system is divided into

A

Somatic and the autonomic

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7
Q

The protective and supporting cells of the nervous system are called

A

Neuralgia

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8
Q

State why brain cancer originate from the neuroglia and meninges, not the neurons

A

Neuroglia undergo mitosis. Neurons amitotic (no centrioles)

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9
Q

Identify the structural feature of the neuron on the previous page that indicates that this neuron belongs to peripheral nervous system

A

Schwann cells

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10
Q

Describe the role(s) of the myelin sheath (figure 8.7)

A

White fatty material around axon of some neurons insulates axon to speed up nerve impulse (signal) transmission

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11
Q

Describe the events associated with an action potential (or nerve signal)

A

Electrical event, once initiated spreads along neuron toward axon terminal, due to the influx of na+

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12
Q

Name the chemical substance that is in the synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal

A

Neurotransmitter

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13
Q

Name three neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine
Adrenalin (epinephrine), nor adrenaline (nor epinephrine)
Seretonin
Dopamine

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14
Q

Name the five essential components of somatic reflex arc

A

Receptor
Sensory neuron
Integration centre
Motor neuron
Effector

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15
Q

Name muscle that contracts

A

Quadriceps

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16
Q

Name the mixed nerve that Carries this sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) information towards and away from the spinal cord

A

Femoral

17
Q

Name three areas of brain stem

A

Mid brain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

18
Q

Explain why trauma to the base of the brain is often more dangerous than to the front

A

Medulla oblongata respiratory, cardiac, Vasomotor etc centres (nuclei) reticular activating system (RAS) extends length of brain stem (consciousness)

19
Q

List functions of CSF

A

buoyancy for brain (arrow down brain weight)
Protects
Oxygen, glucose, proteins, electrolytes, waste etc

20
Q

List structures through which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates

A

Ventricles of brain, subarachnoid space, central canal of spinal cord. Reabsorbed into veins via arachnoid granulations

21
Q

Protective and supportive cells of the nervous system

A

Neuroglia

22
Q

Nerve cells that transmit information as electrical signals

A

Neurons

23
Q

Most abundant support cell: covers brain surface, helps form blood brain barrier

A

Astrocyte

24
Q

Ciliated support cell that lines the inside of cavities of brain and spinal cord; helps produce CSF

A

Ependymal cell

25
Q

Support cell that engages in phagocytosis of pathogens and cell debris

A

Microglia

26
Q

Support cell that forms the myelin sheath around neurons in the PNS

A

Schwann

27
Q

Octopus shaped support cell that forms the myelin sheath around neurons in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocyte

28
Q

Clusters of neurosoma (grey matter) within the CNS

A

Nuclei

29
Q

Clusters of neurosoma within the PNS

A

Ganglia

30
Q

State the most obvious effect from damage to the occipital area

A

Visual disturbances

31
Q

State the most obvious effect from damage to the temporal lobe

A

Hearing, speech, language, memory, disturbances

Nervous system (2 decks)

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