Questions Flashcards
The structural cell units of the nervous system that transmits electrical signals are the
Neurons
The nervous system of the body is made up of two sections. These are the
Central nervous system (CNS) and the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
The central nervous system is composed of the
Brain and spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system is composed of the
Cranial and spinal nerves
The peripheral nervous system is also divided into two divisions. These two are
Sensory and the motor
The motor division of the peripheral nervous system is divided into
Somatic and the autonomic
The protective and supporting cells of the nervous system are called
Neuralgia
State why brain cancer originate from the neuroglia and meninges, not the neurons
Neuroglia undergo mitosis. Neurons amitotic (no centrioles)
Identify the structural feature of the neuron on the previous page that indicates that this neuron belongs to peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
Describe the role(s) of the myelin sheath (figure 8.7)
White fatty material around axon of some neurons insulates axon to speed up nerve impulse (signal) transmission
Describe the events associated with an action potential (or nerve signal)
Electrical event, once initiated spreads along neuron toward axon terminal, due to the influx of na+
Name the chemical substance that is in the synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal
Neurotransmitter
Name three neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
Adrenalin (epinephrine), nor adrenaline (nor epinephrine)
Seretonin
Dopamine
Name the five essential components of somatic reflex arc
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Integration centre
Motor neuron
Effector
Name muscle that contracts
Quadriceps
Name the mixed nerve that Carries this sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) information towards and away from the spinal cord
Femoral
Name three areas of brain stem
Mid brain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Explain why trauma to the base of the brain is often more dangerous than to the front
Medulla oblongata respiratory, cardiac, Vasomotor etc centres (nuclei) reticular activating system (RAS) extends length of brain stem (consciousness)
List functions of CSF
buoyancy for brain (arrow down brain weight)
Protects
Oxygen, glucose, proteins, electrolytes, waste etc
List structures through which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates
Ventricles of brain, subarachnoid space, central canal of spinal cord. Reabsorbed into veins via arachnoid granulations
Protective and supportive cells of the nervous system
Neuroglia
Nerve cells that transmit information as electrical signals
Neurons
Most abundant support cell: covers brain surface, helps form blood brain barrier
Astrocyte
Ciliated support cell that lines the inside of cavities of brain and spinal cord; helps produce CSF
Ependymal cell
Support cell that engages in phagocytosis of pathogens and cell debris
Microglia
Support cell that forms the myelin sheath around neurons in the PNS
Schwann
Octopus shaped support cell that forms the myelin sheath around neurons in the CNS
Oligodendrocyte
Clusters of neurosoma (grey matter) within the CNS
Nuclei
Clusters of neurosoma within the PNS
Ganglia
State the most obvious effect from damage to the occipital area
Visual disturbances
State the most obvious effect from damage to the temporal lobe
Hearing, speech, language, memory, disturbances
