Questions

Question 1

What is the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 1

The neuromuscular junction is the site where nerve impulses are transmitted from motor neurons to muscle fibres resulting in muscle contraction. its the crucial link between the nervous system and the muscular system

Question 2

How does a neuromuscular junction work?

Answer 2

When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, it triggers the release of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine.
the acetylene molecules bind to receptors on the muscle fibres, causing a depolarisation of the muscle membrane and leading to muscle contraction.

Question 3

Why is the neuromuscular junction important for human movement

Answer 3

The neuromuscular junction plays a key role in allowing us to control our movements and carry out voluntary actions
without the nmj, Nerve impulses would not be able to stimulate muscle contraction leading to paralysis.

Question 4

What happens if the neuromuscular junction is not functioning properly

Answer 4

If the neuromuscular junction is not functioning properly, it can lead to a variety of disorders, such as myustheeneeyuh grauvis, a condition that causes muscle weakness and fatigue and buchulizm, a type of food poisoning that causes muscle paralysis

Question 5

How does botulism affect the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 5

Botulism is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulism.
This toxin interferes with the normal function of the NMJ, by preventing the release of acetylcholine, resulting in muscle paralysis

Question 6

What is the role of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 6

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting the nerve impulse from the motor neuron to the muscle fibre. It’s released from the axon terminal of the motor neuron and binds to receptors on the muscle fibre, causing a depolarisation of the muscle membrane and leading to muscle contraction.

Question 7

Can drugs affect the neuromuscular junction

Answer 7

Yes, certain drugs can affect the NMJ by altering the levels or activity of acetylene. For example, some drugs used to treat myasthenia gravis increase the levels of acetylene at the NMJ, while others interfere with the breakdown of acetylene to enhance its effects.

Question 8

How does aging affect the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 8

It can lead to decline in the function of the NMJ. Which can result in decreased muscle strength and increased muscle fatigue, as well as a decline in fine motor, control and coordination. However, regular physical activity and a healthy diet can help to maintain the function of the NMJ and slow down the effect of aging.

Question 9

The structure of NMJ can be divided into three main parts. A pre synaptic part
The post signup tech part and an area between the nerve terminal and motor and plate…?

Answer 9

These components work together to facilitate the transmission of signals from the nerve to the muscle

Question 10

Muscle fibre arrangement

Answer 10

the arrangement of muscle fibres around the neuromuscular junction is optimised for efficient, signal, propagation, and coordinated and muscle contraction

Question 11

As it implies, a neuromuscular junction is

Answer 11

A synaptic connection points between a motor neuron, and a muscle facilitating the transmission of action potentials to initiate muscle contraction

Question 12

What makes muscle tissue unique compared to all the other tissues is that has ability to contract or shorten, and length, when stimulated by an electrical impulse known as an action potential so where does this electrical impulse or action potential come from?

Answer 12

The action potential is initiated in an area in the brain called the primary motor cortex from the primary motor cortex. The action potential will travel down the spinal cord through a motor neuron, and that motor neuron will sign up with another motor you know from the peripheral nervous system before reaching the muscle. Once at the muscle

Question 13

Once at the muscle,

Answer 13

 the action potential will initiate a cascade of events that causes a muscle contraction so let’s take a closer look.

Question 14

So let’s take a closer look at the nerve supply for a muscle fibre,

Answer 14

Skeletal muscles contract when stimulated by motor neurons, and as mentioned before an previous slide, Motor neurons are nerve cells that send action potentials to the muscle fibre in this illustration shown here

Question 15

In this illustration shown here, there are two motor neurons. One red and the other is purple. A muscle is not. ?

Answer 15

A muscle isn’t controlled by a single motor neuron. Instead, it’s controlled by many motor neurons which control numerous muscle fibres.
a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres it innervates is called a motor unit. The word innervate means

Question 16

The word innervate means ?

Answer 16

Connects to and stimulates,
so another definition of a motor unit, its a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres that it connects to and stimulates.

In this illustration shown here there.

Question 17

And this illustration shown here there are two motor units. The first motor unit includes

Answer 17

The red motor neuron and three muscle fibres that innervates and the second motor unit is controlled by purple motor neuron and the two muscle fibres it innervates.

Now we’re going to take a closer look at a motor unit.

Question 18

No, let’s take a closer look at a motor unit where an action potential

Answer 18

Were an action potential is transferred from a motor neuron to the muscle fibre. This area is called the neuromuscular junction

Question 19

This area is called a neuromuscular junction. The nmj is

Answer 19

A signups between a motor neuron and a muscle fibre. First, we’re going to take a look at all the parts of a neuromuscular junction that are associated with the motor neuron. The first part is called.

Question 20

The first part is called the axon terminal the axon terminal

Answer 20

The axon terminal is the end of a motor neuron. The membrane of the axon terminal is called the pre synaptic membrane. At the synaptic membrane you will find the following structures

Question 21

At the synaptic membrane, you’ll find the following structures.
The first structure is called

Answer 21

The first structure is called the synaptic vesicles
Synaptic vesicles are filled with a neurotransmitter
A neuroransmitter is a chemical messenger
Also at the axon terminal you will find

Question 22

Also, at axon terminal you will find

Answer 22

You will find voltage gated calcium ion channels. Voltage gated calcium ion channels open in response to a voltage or an action potential. Surrounding the axon terminal you will find

Question 23

Surrounding the axon terminal, you’ll find

Answer 23

Free, floating calcium ions. And finally at the end of the axon terminal you’ll find an open space where neurotransmitters will diffuse across called the synaptic cleft. Next we look at the parts of the neuromuscular junction that are associated with the muscle fibre

Question 24

Next, we look at the parts associated with the muscle fibre. The area of the

Answer 24

The area of the muscle fibre where the motor neuron synapses with, is sometimes referred to as the motor end plate
The first part of the nmj which is associated with the skeletal muscle fibre is the sarcolemma. The sarcolemma is the

Question 25

The sarcolemma is the .
On there youll find

Answer 25

The sarcolemma is the cell membrane of the muscle fibre. On the sarcolemma you will find chemical gated sodium ion channels. Chemical gated sodium ion channels open in response or in the presence of a neurotransmitter. So when a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the chemical gated sodium ion channels. The chemical gated sodium ion channel will open. And finally within the synaptic cleft

Question 26

And finally, within the synaptic cleft

Answer 26

Youll find free floating sodium ions

So what are the events that take place at the neuromuscular juction during a muscle contraction?

Question 27

So where does this action potential come from?

Answer 27

The action potential is initiated in an area of the brain called the primary motor cortex. From the primary motor cortex, the action potential will travel down the spinal cord thru a motor neuron.
And that motor neuron will synapse with another motor neuron from the peripheral nervous system before reaching the muscle. Once at the muscle, the action potential will initiate a cascade of events that causes a muscle contraction