Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology II Exam III Pulmonary Medications > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A long-acting B2 adrenoceptor agonist

A. Acetylcysteine
B. Albuterol
C. Salmeterol
D. Zileuton

A

Salmeterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An opioid derivative with no addiction liability, used as an antitussive

A. Acetylcysteine
B. Albuterol
C. Codeine
D. Dextromethorphan

A

Dextromethorphan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A bronchodilator drug that can block Nn acetylcholine receptors

A. Albuterol
B. Ipratropium
C. Salmeterol
D. Theophylline

A

Ipratropium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A drug that blocks high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptors of sensitized mast cells

A

Omalizumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In patients with aspirin-induced asthma what leukotriene antagonists are most frequently used in maintenance therapy?

A

Montelukast or Zafirlukast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A 51- year old man was admitted to the hospital with an asthma attack. The man had been suffering from seasonal asthma for 1-year. On questioning, he reported that he took two aspirn tablets the previous eveing for a headache. A diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity was made, an appropriate therapy was insinuated, and later was discharged from the hospital. Which of the following treatments would be most appropriate?

A. Oral zafirlukast
B. Oral triamcinolone
C. Parenteral ipratropium
D. Oral theophylline

A

Oral Zafirlukast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A 34-year old women who has been suffering from persistent asthma for 4-years was admitted to the ED because of impeding respiratory failure. She was treated with oxygen, nebulized albuterol, intravenous (IV) theophylline, and IV hydrocortizone. A half hour later, a substantial clinical improvement was noted. Blockade of which of the following receptors most likely contributed to the bronchodialating effect of theophylline in this patient?

A. M3 cholinergic
B. Adenosine A1
C. Leukotriene B4
D. Beta-e adrenergic

A

Adenosine A1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why are systemic corticosteroids given in cases of severe asthma exacerbation?

A
  • Improve the responsiveness of B2 receptors
  • Inhibit many phases of the inflammatory response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A 34-year-old asthmatic man was brought to the ED with a severe asthma exacerbation. The patient’s forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) did not improve upon administration of inhaled albuterol, and the attending physician decided to administer parenteral glucocorticoids. Which of the following would be the most likely benefit provided by parental glucocorticoids in this setting?

A. Direct bronchodilation
B. Decreased sympathetic tone of airway smooth muscle
C. Increased mucociliary clearance
D. Increased bronchial responsiveness to albuterol

A

Increased bronchial responsiveness to albuterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A 51-year-old woman with a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was admitted to the hospital for an acute exacerbation. The patient’s medications on admission were inhaled ipratropium and oral theophylline. Which of the following molecular actions on bronchial smooth muscle most likely contributed to the bronchodilating effect of theophylline in this patient?

A. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4)
B. Inhibition of catecholamine release
C. Stimulation of nitric oxide release
D. Activation of B2 adrenoceptors

A

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A 3-day old baby girl born after 30 weeks of pregnancy had five episodes of apnea. The episodes lasted about 30 seconds and required oxygen administration. Between apneic spells, the neonate appeared well, and physical exam and lab tests were normal for gestational age. An appropriate therapy was started that included intravenous administration of theophylline. Which of the following actions most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of the drug in this patient?

A. Bronchodilation
B. Inhibition of mucociliary clearance
C. Stimulation of the medullary respiratory center
D. Stimulation of diaphragm contractility

A

Stimulation of the medullary respiratory center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adenosine is a known inhibitor of the respiratory center, and therefore this drug is a competitive antagonist at adenosine receptors which increases the respiratory drive.

A

Theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The clearance of theophylline can be affected by many conditions; some decrease the clearance, and some increase the clearance. What are some factors that will increase the clearance of theophylline.

A
  • Smoking
  • Concomitant treatment with drugs that induce the P-450 system such as barbituates and rifampin
  • Age, kids have higher clearance rate than adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A 43-year-old woman with a long history of severe persistent asthma was admitted to the ED with serious labored respiration. PE showed a distressed patient with dyspnea and severe cyanosis. Vital signs were BP 140/90 mmHg, HR 130 bpm, respirations 30/min. The patient’s cyanosis indicated a serious ventilation/perfusion mismatch, and inhaled albuterol, given immediately, was able to improve cyanosis and to decrease dyspnea. Which of the following actions most likely mediated these drug effects in the patient’s disorder?

A. Increased bronchial secretions
B. Decreased pulmonary perfusion
C. Increased pulmonary ventilation
D. Decreased pulmonary artery pressure

A

Increased pulmonary ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In severe bronchospastic disorders, is the ventilation/perfusion ratio decreased or increased because of the narrowing of the bronchial lumen?

A

Decreased, B2 agonists will therefore help increase the ratio by increasing ventilation. A high ratio increases the partial pressure of oxygen, which in turn decreases cyanosis and dyspnea. -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Albuterol dilates the bronchial tree, all bronchodilators can increase what on PFT’s?

A

Forced expiratory volume in 1-minute (FEV1)

17
Q

What is the most useful parameter in diagnosing and monitoring patients with obstructive pulmonary disease?

A

FEV1

18
Q

Which of the following adverse effects would most likely be associated with high dose albuterol therapy?

A. Hypertension
B. Sleepines
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypoglycemia
E. Hypokalemia

A

Hypokalemia

19
Q

A patient who is artificially ventilated cannot clear bronchial secretions, mainly because effective cough cannot be performed. What drug class will improve mucociliary clearance and are therefore often given to patients on artificial ventilation to decrease airway resistance and to remove secretions from bronchial mucosa?

A

B2 Agonists (Albuterol most commonly)

20
Q

A 57-year old man complained to his physician that his chronic mucoid cough had gotten worse, and he had increased breathing difficulty. The man had a long history of smoking and currently smoked one pack daily. Spirometry showed a forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 50% the predicted value. The physician decided to start a therapy with a drug that can block acetylcholine-mediated increase in Ca+2 availability in bronchial smooth muscle. Which of the following drugs was most likely administered?

A. Beclomethasone
B. Ipratropium
C. Theophylline
D. Albuterol

A

Ipratropium

21
Q

A 63-year old woman complained to her physician of recurrent wheezing that caused frequent nocturnal awakening. She also noted that wheezing occurred when she was anxious or tense. The woman had been suffering from allergic rhinitis for 4 years and from Afib for 1 year. A diagnosis of mild allergic asthma was made. Which of the following drug treatments would be most apporpriate for relief of her bronchospasm?

A. Oral glucocorticoids
B. Oral theophylline
C. Inhaled Ipratropium
D. Inhaled Albuterol

A

Inhaled Ipratropium

If she did not have AFib then albuterol would be most appropriate but is contraindicated in this case.

22
Q

A 13-year old boy recently diagnosed with asthma started a therapy that included inhaled fluticasone. Which of the following molecular actions most likely contributed to the theraputic effects of the drug in the patients disease?

A. Blockade of M3 actylcholine receptors
B. Blockade of leukotriene receptors
C. Inhibition of phospholipase A2
D. Activation of B1 adrenoreceptors

A

Inhibition of phospholipase A2

23
Q

A 43-year-old woman with mild persistent asthma started a daily treatment with low-dose inhaled glucocorticoids. Which of the following adverse effects was most likely to occur in this patient?

A. Hypokalemia
B. Weight gain
C. Oral candidiasis
D. Restlessness

A

Oral candidiasis

24
Q

A 43-year-old man complained to his physician that the therapy he was taking improved his breathing, but that he still had an annoying cough from time to time. He asked the physician for a cough suppressant. Two weeks earlier, the man was diagnosed with moderate persistent asthma and started therapy with inhaled albuterol and fluticasone. Which of the following drugs would be appropriate to treat the patient’s cough?

A. Codeine
B. Theophylline
C. Dextromethorphan
D. Ipratropium

A

Dextromethorphan

Pharmacology II Exam III Pulmonary Medications (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions