questions Flashcards

1
Q

first line management BPH

A
  • alpha-1 antagonists e.g. tamsulosin, alfuzosin
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2
Q

presentation triad HUS

A
  • AKI
  • MAHA
  • thrombocytopenia
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3
Q

most common cause HUS

A
  • ecoli
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4
Q

first, second and third line treatment uti

A
  • trimethoprim
  • nitrofurantoin
  • cefalexin
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5
Q

management bone disease in CKD

A
  • reduce dietary intake phosphate
  • vit D e.g. calcitriol
  • phosphate binders
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6
Q

what is type 1 RTA

A
  • inability to secrete hydrogen ions in distal tubule
  • causes hypokalaemia
  • causes renal stones
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7
Q

what is type 2 RTA

A
  • decreased reabsorption HCO3- in PCT
  • causes hypokalaemia
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8
Q

what is type 4 RTA

A
  • reduction in aldosterone leads to reduced proximal tubular ammonium secretion
  • causes hyperkalaemia
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9
Q

which diuretic is used in ascites

A

spironolactone

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10
Q

which diuretic is used in ascites

A

spironolactone

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11
Q

Side-effects of thyroxine therapy

A

hyperthyroidism: due to over treatment
reduced bone mineral density
worsening of angina
atrial fibrillation

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12
Q

presentation anti-GBM disease/goodpastures

A

haemoptysis, AKI, haematuria, and proteinuria

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13
Q

analgesia used in kidney stones

A

IM diclofenac

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14
Q

management stage 1 AKI

A
  • fluid challenge to restore renal perfusion
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15
Q

causes of bilateral enlarged kidneys on ultrasound

A

ADPKD
diabetic nephropathy
amyloidosis
HIV-associated nephropathy

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16
Q

causes of bilaterally shrunken kidneys

A

CKD (most cause)
glomerulonephritis
hypertension induced nephropathy
bilateral renal artery stenosis

17
Q

management autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

A

tolvaptan

18
Q

Can’t give trimethoprim if pt on which other medication (and why)

A

Methotrexate- affects folic acid production