questions Flashcards
what are the limitations for theory of planned behaviour?
it assumes that:
1. intentions are explicit
2. it is not focused on external limitations
3. timeframe between intent and behaviour
4. good intentions are not always translated into behaviour
what is a sample?
a sample is a selection from some population
what are the features of explicit measures?
- easier to obtain
- requires the ability and motivation to provide information
- may not be fully conscious processes
- social desirability problem in responding
- how exactly do we put things into words
what are the key features of implicit measures?
- more difficult to obtain (more resources, time, money needed)
- they overcome biases
- not always measuring what they claim to measure
what are the 3 steps to operationalisation?
- identify the concepts you want to study
- choose variable to represent them
- choose how the variables are measured
how can central tendency be measured?
- mode
- median
- mean
what is the mode?
the most frequently occurring score in a group of scores
what are the advantages of the mode?
- not affected by outliers
- can be applied to non numerical data
what are the disadvantages of the mode?
- there can be more than one mode, or no mode
- completely disregards other scores
what is the mean?
the average score of a group of scores
what are the disadvantages of the mean?
can be influenced by extreme scores and skewed distributions
what are the advantages of the mean?
gives weight to each score in relation to its
what is the median?
the median is the middle number in a list of numbers when placed in order
what are the advantages of the median?
good to use with ordinal data
- relatively unaffected by extreme/rogue scores
- useful for things like salaries, income
what are the disadvantages of the median?
less representative for datasets with no/small outliers
what are the measures of dispersion?
range, variation, standard deviation
what is the range?
difference between the minimum and maximum values
what is a limitation of the range?
does not give an indication of the data between the minimum and maximum scores, which might be very high or very low values in relation to rest the data set
how do you calculate variance?
- calculate mean
- subtract each data point from the mean
- square wash difference from the mean
- take an average of these numbers
how do you find standard deviance?
calculate the variance then square root the answer
what does variance indicate?
the spread of the whole group of scores
what does data points far from the mean show?
a large variance
what does data points close to the mean show?
a small variance
why do we need distribution visualisation?
can quickly see range, central tendency, bimodality, extreme values
what are episodic memories?
memories of particular events in our life. they have emotional valence
what are semantic memories?
conceptual knowledge about the meaning of things. networks of associations (over time)
what is a schemata?
patterns of expectations
what is the aim of Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour?
attempts to predict work related behaviours as a function of attitudes towards that behaviour, subjective norms and perceived control
what does Hackman and Oldham’s job characteristics model aim to do?
attempts to predict job satisfaction as a function of certain important features of jobs
what are the three steps to operationalisation?
- identify the concepts you want to study
- choose variables to represent them
- choose how the variables are measured
