Questions Flashcards
1
Q
Atmosphere percentages
A
78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Others
2
Q
When does the Troposphere end
A
36,000 ft
3
Q
What is lapse rate of Troposphere
A
1.98 degrees decrease per 1000 feet in Troposphere
4
Q
Where is the water vapour content zero
A
Stratosphere
5
Q
What is the equation for density
A
Mass divided by volume
6
Q
When pressure rises, what happens to density
A
Density rises
7
Q
When temperature increases, what happens to density
A
Density drops
8
Q
When humidity increases , what happens to density?
A
Density drops
9
Q
What is the average temperature on a standard day
A
15 degrees
10
Q
What measures humidity (water vapour)
A
Hygrometer
11
Q
What is the equation for total pressure
A
Total pressure = dynamic pressure + static pressure
12
Q
What is a Transition point
A
Point where boundary layer turns to turbulent flow
13
Q
What is a Stagnation point
A
Where boundary layer starts
14
Q
What is a Seperation Point
A
Boundary layer breaks away from surface of wing
15
Q
What is a laminar boundary layer
A
Orderly motion
16
Q
What is a turbulent boundary layer
A
Non orderly motion
17
Q
Atmosphere Pressure Units:
Atmosphere or Bar
A
1
18
Q
Atmosphere Pressure Units:
Kg/cm ²
A
1.033
19
Q
Atmosphere Pressure Units:
PSI
A
14.7
20
Q
Atmosphere Pressure Units:
HG ( Inches of Mercury)
A
29.92
21
Q
Atmosphere Pressure Units:
KPA ( Kilo Pascal)
A
101.32
22
Q
Atmosphere Pressure Units:
HPA (Hecto Pascal)
A
10132
23
Q
Atmosphere Pressure Units:
H²O (inches of water)
A
406.8
24
Q
Atmosphere Pressure Units:
MB ( Milibars)
A
1013.2
25
Atmosphere Pressure Units:
mmHG (mm of mercury)
760
26
Lift acts on _______ to relative airflow
90 degrees
27
What is relative wind
Direction of the airflow with repsect to an airfoil
28
What is Downwash
Form of drag produced by lift
29
What is Upwash
Deflection of the oncoming airstream over the wing
30
How are Vortices formed
From top and bottom airflows meeting at trailing edge
31
What way are vortices on the right wing
Anticlockwise
32
What way are vortices on the left wing
Clockwise
33
What wings shape is best for vortices
Staight or Epileptical
34
What do wing tip fences do
Save 10% to 15% fuel efficency
35
What is an airfoil
Any surface designed to obtain a reaction from the air it is passing through
36
What is a Chordline
From center of leading edge to trailing edge
37
What is the Mean Aerodynamic Chord
Cross section of airfoil
38
What is Camber
Curvature of upper and lower surfaces of an airfoil from leading edge to trailing edge
39
What is the Angle of Incidence
The angle between Longitudinal Axis and Chord Line of Wing
40
What is Washin
Angle of incidence increases from root to tip
41
What is Washout
Angle of incidence decreases from root to tip
42
What is a planform
Shape of wing when viewed from top
43
What is better, a high stalling speed or a low stalling speed
Low stalling speed
44
How does a pilot counteract a stall
By going nose down
45
What is form drag
Passes around a solid object , forms vertices , no longer streamline flow
46
What is Interference Drag
Drag created by bumps in service Eg: wing to body
47
What is skin friction
Molecules sticking to material of aircraft
48
If you fly slow, you need a larger _____ and _______ increases
Angle of attack, Induced drag
49
If you fly fast, the _______ increases
Parasite Drag
50
What is the most dangerous kind of ice
Clear ice
51
What are the 4 acting forces on an aircraft?
Lift, Weight , Thrust , Drag
52
What are the 2 couples of force on an aircraft
Thrust = Drag
Lift = Weight
53
What controls pitch
Elevators
54
What controls roll
Ailerons
55
What controlls Yaw
Rudder
56
What gives Longitudinal Control
Elevators
57
What gives Lateral Control
Ailerons
58
What gives Directional Control
Rudder
59
What is used to move on the Lateral Axis
Elevators
60
What is used to move on the Longitudinal Axis
Ailerons
61
What is used to move on the Vertical Axis
Rudder
62
What is used to move on the Normal Axis
Rudder
63
What is the large aircraft glide ratio
10:1
64
What is a normal turn
Centrifugal Force = Horizontal Lift
65
What is a Slipping Turn
Centrifugal Force < Horizontal Lift
66
What is a Skidding Turn
Centrifugal Force > Horizontal Lift
67
What is shown on a VG diagram/ Graph
Airspeed (x) and Load factor (y)
68
What is FEP
Flight Envalope Protection
69
What do High Lift devices do
Provide extra lift during take off and landing, also increases drag
70
What are examples of high lift devices (3)
Leading Edge Flaps
Leading Edge Slats
Trailing Edge Slots
71
What is Mcrit
Mach Critical Speed
72
What is Dutch Roll
Interaction between Roll and Yaw
| Directional and Lateral Stability
73
What does the Yaw Damper do
Stops rudder from sending aircraft in a circle
74
What is Positive Static Stability
When disturbed it returns to equilibrum
75
What is Negative Static Stability
When disturbed the object tends to continue in the same direction of distrubance
76
What is Neutral Static Stability
When disturbed , will not try to move further away nor return to original position
77
What is Dynamic Stability a Subcatagory of
Positive Static Stability
78
What is Positive Dynamic Stability
Overshoot at first, join flight path by the end
79
What is Negative Dynamic Stability
Overshoot flightpath more and more each time, doesnt join orginal flight path
80
What is Neutral Dynamic Stability
Overshoots flight path the same amount each time, doesnt join orignal flight path
81
What does the RATE Gyro do
Gives info to Yaw Damper
82
A symmetrical aerofoil section at 0 degrees angle of attack will....
Produce no lift
83
The ratio of the average chord to wingspan is the...?
Aspect Ratio
84
The ratio of the Root Chord to tip chord on a wing is the...?
Taper Ratio
85
What is the benefits of a high aspect ratio wing is to reduce the...?
Induced Drag
86
When Extension flaps are deployed without leading edge devices the ....
Centre of pressure moves rearward causing the nose to pitch down
87
The most efficent angle of attack for an aerofoil may be obtained by referring to the...
Graph of lift/drag ratio to angle of attack
88
Lift produced by an aerofoil varies…
Directly with the area of the aerofoil
89
When an aeroplane stalls, the CofP will move, causing the
Stall warning system to operate
90
What does deploying Extension Fowler flaps do
Increase wing area
Increase CL
Lower stalling speed
91
What helps Longitudinal Stability around Lateral Axis
CofG
Pitch of Wings
Horizontal Stabiliser
92
What helps Lateral Stability around Longitudinal Axis?
Dihedral Angle
Sweptback Wings
Kneel Effect
93
What helps Directional Stability around the Vertical Axis
Vertical Stabiliser
Lateral Stability
