Questions 111-220 Flashcards by Jon C

Which of the following substitutions will most decrease the sodium content of a biscuit?

I - low sodium milk for whole milk
II - egg substitute for egg
III- low sodium baking powder for baking powder

a- I
b- I, II
c- all of the above
d- I,III

d- I,III

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Which pasta contains egg?

a- noodles
b- spaghetti
c- macaroni
d- linguini

a- noodles

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A patient who is iron deficient should consume ______ with a good iron source.

a- apple juice
b- orange juice
c- milk
d- cheese

b- orange juice

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A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L indicates:

a- sepsis
b- dehydration
c- hypertension
d- hyperglycemia

b- dehydration

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Cabbage should be cooked:

a- covered
b- in a small amount of water
c- in a large amount of water
d- covered in a small amount of water

c- in a large amount of water

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To decrease sodium intake, substitute:

a- carrots for celery
b- unsalted margarine for regular margarine
c- diet margarine for regular margarine
d- carrots for pepper

b- unsalted margarine for regular margarine

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Apples stored in a controlled environment would:

a- ripen quickly
b- last one to two years
c- have extended life and improved marketing quality
d- only be used as processed fruit

c- have extended life and improved marketing quality

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The following oils can be winterized:

a- corn, soy, cottonseed
b- olive, corn, soy
c- cottonseed, olive
d- olive, corn

a- corn, soy, cottonseed

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Which would you give to a person who is mildly hypokalemic?

a- 1 cup blueberries
b- 1 cup cranberries
c- 1/2 cup applesauce
d- 1 piece cantaloupe

d- 1 piece cantaloupe

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A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L is a sign of:

a- high sodium intake
b- low sodium intake
c- hyponatremia
d- hypernatremia

d- hypernatremia

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To increase potassium intake, consume a snack of:

a- cheese and crackers, plums, cranberry juice
b- a bagel, milk, and an apple
c- a grilled cheese and tomato sandwich and strawberries
d- tuna salad, a wheat roll, and cola

c- a grilled cheese and tomato sandwich and strawberries

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If protein intake is doubled, which nutrient needs to be increased?

a- pyridoxine
b- folic acid
c- niacin
d- vitamin C

a- pyridoxine

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Illness due to Bacillus Cereus is due to contaminated:

a- rice products and starchy foods
b- fruits
c- dairy products
d- eggs

a- rice products and starchy foods

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The Cori Cycle converts:

a- glucose into galactose
b- lactate into pyruvate
c- lactic acid into glycogen
d- glycogen into glucose

b- lactate into pyruvate

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Fats high in monounsaturated fatty acids include:

a- olive and canola
b- safflower and corn
c- coconut and palm
d- soy and peanut

a- olive and canola

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Fats high in polyunsaturated fatty acids include:

a- olive and canola
b- safflower and corn
c- coconut and palm
d- soy and peanut

b- safflower and corn

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Green beans cooked in tomato sauce turn _____ due to _____.

a- bright green; chlorophyllin
b- olive green; pheophytin
c- brown; carotenoids
d- black; anthoxanthins

b- olive green; pheophytin

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If you are on a low phosphorus diet, what food should you avoid most?

a- beef
b- orange juice
c- yogurt
d- bread

a- beef

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A 5 month old is dx with salmonella. What is likely the cause?

a- fruit juice
b- milk
c- table food
d- evaporated milk

c- table food

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An 8 month old baby contracts botulism. What is the likely cause?

a- cereal and evaporated milk
b- cereal and honey
c- cereal and table food
d- cereal and fruit juice

b- cereal and honey

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Which is the best source of emulsification?

a- eggs
b- milk
c- salt
d- flour

a- eggs

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The kidneys respond to respiratory acidosis by:

a- increasing secretion of Magnesium
b- exchanging sodium for calcium
c- increasing retention of bicarbonate
d- exchanging potassium for hydrogren

c- increasing retention of bicarbonate

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A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L may be due to:

a- an increase in intake of sodium rich foods
b- decreased steroid formation
c- an increased level of aldosterone
d- a decrease in intake of sodium-rich foods

c- an increased level of aldosterone

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Green peas held on the serving line may turn olive green due to:

a- pheophytin
b- chlorophyllin
c- anthoxanthins
d- flavones

a- pheophytin

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In cereal production, enrichment adds: a- vit A b- vit D c- iron d- iodine

c- iron

Cured meat is pink due to: a- sugar b- salt c- vinegar d- nitrites

d- nitrites

A serum sodium level of 115 mEq/L may be due to: a- overhydration b- dehydration c- very high sodium intake d- sodium intake of 5.5g per day

a- overhydration

Butter has fatty acids in this order of predominance: a- PUFA MUFA SAT b- SAT MUFA PUFA c- MUFA SAT PUFA d- MUFA PUFA SAT

b- SAT MUFA PUFA

Margarine has fatty acids in this order of predominance: a- PUFA MUFA SAT b- SAT MUFA PUFA c- MUFA SAT PUFA d- MUFA PUFA SAT

a- PUFA MUFA SAT

Lactic acid is produced by: a- glycolysis b- gluconeogenesis c- glycogenesis d- lactolysis

a- glycolysis

Which of the following amino acids is a precursor for serotonin? a- phenylalanine b- methionine c- tryptophan d- tyrosine

c- tryptophan

When on Dicumarol, avoid increasing intake of: a- spinach b- beets c- corn d- beef

a- spinach

Food was held at 70F for a long time in anaerobic conditions. Eight hours after eating it you became ill. What is the culprit? a- salmonella b- staphylococcus c- clostridium perfringens d- campylobacter jejuni

c- clostridium perfringens

Energy expenditure of humans can be measured by: a- heat intake b- food intake c- nitrogen output d- oxygen consumption

d- oxygen consumption

Gastric proteolysis requires: a- pyridoxine b- ascorbic acid c- hydrochloric acid d- intrinsic factor

c- hydrochloric acid

Patients with early signs of xerophthalmia should consume? a- chicken, fish, summer squash b- liver, milk, eggs c- oatmeal, almonds, berries d- high fiber cereals, salad greens

b- liver, milk, eggs

Sorbitol is: a- less sweet than sucrose, lower GI than sucrose b- less sweet than sucrose, higher GI than sucrose c- sweeter than sucrose d- sweeter than sucrose, higher GI than sucrose

a- less sweet than sucrose, lower GI than sucrose

Which mineral is absorbed through the intestine and transported with ceruloplasmin in the blood? a- copper b- iodine c- pyridoxine d- calcium

a- copper

The Schilling test detects defects in the absorption of: a- folic acid b- cyanocobalamin c- pyridoxine d- iron

b- cyanocobalamin

Which of the following should be avoided on a low sodium diet? a- pork loin b- turkey roll c- beef sirloin d- lamb chop

b- turkey roll

What is the effect of excess caffeine intake? a- insomnia b- nausea c- bloating d- weight gain

a- insomnia

The toxic level of vitamin A has been identified as: a- 5000 IU b- 10000 IU c- 15000 IU d- 20000 IU

b- 10000 IU

The best way to prevent the spread of food borne illness is to: a- wash hands regularly b- cook all foods thoroughly c- purchase food from trusted vendors d- prepare food shortly before serving

a- wash hands regularly

The amino acid tryptophan can be converted into: a- serotonin b- catecholamines c- phenylalanine d- tyrosine

a- serotonin

A muffin has long tunnels from top to bottom. Next time you make this recipe you should: a- add more baking soda b- avoid over mixing batter c- add less butter d- cook for shorter time

b- avoid over mixing batter

Prevention of an outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes requires special care because: a- it is insensitive to light b- it is sensitive to low temperatures c- it can grow at 34-113F d- it can grow at 140-160F

c- it can grow at 34-113F

Phenylalanine is a precursor for: a- serotonin b- catecholamines c- tryptophan d- tyrosine

d- tyrosine

A cutting board was used to cut up raw chicken. It was then used to cut up raw vegetables. Guests eating the meal became ill most likely from: a- Clostridium botulinum b- Clostridium perfringens c- Salmonella d- Streptococcus

c- Salmonella

Decreased levels of serotonin are associated with: a- decrease in carbohydrate appetite b- increase in carbohydrate appetite c- decreased sensation of taste d- increased sensation of taste

b- increase in carbohydrate appetite

Carbohydrate, fat, and protein are all converted into: a- pyruvic acid b- acetyl CoA c- oxaloacetic acid d- ketoflutamic acid

b- acetyl CoA

If energy needs increase, which vitamins are needed in higher amounts? a- A, C, folate b- A,C, thiamin c- thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid d- pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin

c- thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid

How many mEq of sodium are in 1 gram of sodium? a- 25 b- 43 c- 65 d- 110

b- 43

How can you preserve thiamin when cooking pork? a- use drippings after fat removed b- insert a meat thermometer and cook to 160F in 325F oven c- increase cooking temp to lessen cooking time d- add a small quantity of water during cooking

b- insert a meat thermometer and cook to 160F in 325F oven

A good source of vitamin A for preschool children would be: a- grapes b- watermelon c- cantaloupe pieces d- banana

c- cantaloupe pieces

Which amino acid is especially glucogenic? a- alanine b- threonine c- valine d- methionine

a- alanine

If carbohydrate intake is increased, which vitamin needs to be increased? a- thiamin b- niacin c- riboflavin d- pyridoxine

a- thiamin

The rate of oxidation of which branched chain amino acid increases significantly during moderate exercise? a- leucine b- phenylalanine c- tyrosine d- threonine

a- leucine

What should you do with leftover sliced beef from lunch? a- throw it out b- let meat cool at room temp and serve within 2 days c- refrigerate immediately and serve within 2 days d- keep it in warmer until dinner time

c- refrigerate immediately and serve within 2 days

A food is bacteria safe if it is: a- neutral and moist b- neutral and dry c- acidic and dry d- acidic and moist

c- acidic and dry

French fries made from stored potatoes would have changes in I - taste II - appearance III- texture a- I, II, III b- II, III c- I d- I, III

a- I, II, III

What percent of protein and fat convert to glucose? a- 58% pro, 10% fat b- 10% pro, 60% fat c- 30% pro, 30% fat d- 20% pro, 40% fat

a- 58% pro, 10% fat

Excess amounts of zinc may lead to deficiency of: a- copper b- magnesium c- iron d- cobalt

a- copper

When adding bran to a flour mixture, what should be changed? a- baking temp b- increase fat and liquid c- increase oxidizing agent d- increase flour and liquid

d- increase flour and liquid

Glycerol, amino acids, and free fatty acids will have what effect on the hypothalamus gland? a- increase satiety b- decrease satiety c- increased activity level d- increased lethargy

b- decrease satiety

Which of the following is a digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas? a- pepsin b- amylase c- lactase d- maltase

b- amylase

Clostridium perfringens is often found in: a- meat and gravied mixtures in large quantities b- fresh fruits and vegetables c- dairy mixtures d- uncured cheeses

a- meat and gravied mixtures in large quantities

Salmonella sources are often: a- reheated foods b- starchy foods and mixtures (casserole) c- cooled slowly and reheated foods d- raw produce and uncooked foods of animal origin

d- raw produce and uncooked foods of animal origin

What must be fortified with folic acid? a- skim milk b- cornmeal c- orange juice d- canned vegetables

b- cornmeal

Pie crust is moist the day after cooking. Why? a- overcooking of crust b- retrogradation of filling c- too much egg in recipe d- inadequate flour

b- retrogradation of filling

What is the main purpose of water in the body? a- acts as medium for cell metabolism b- helps transport calcium through cell membranes c- maintains electrolyte balance d- maintain body temperature

a- acts as medium for cell metabolism

What is fluid seeping from a congealed product called? a- retrogradation b- syneresis c- coagulation d- gelatinization

b- syneresis

Which of the following is a common cause of salmonella in a salad bar? a- fresh fruit b- egg salad c- lettuce and tomato d- pickles

b- egg salad

Which food-borne pathogen would most likely contaminate cooked rice or pasta in open pans at room temperature? a- clostridium perfringens b- bacillus cereus c- stapylococcus, bacillus cereus d- campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus

b- bacillus cereus

Frozen chicken has been thawed in warm water. You should: a- prepare it immediately b- discard it c- refreeze it d- refrigerate it

b- discard it

When substituting butter for lard in pastry: a- use the same amount b- use less c- use more d- use less and decrease water content

c- use more

The purpose of an emulsifier in margarine is to: a- keep water and fat from separating b- keep water and fat separated c- sustain the natural flavor of ingredients d- retain color

a- keep water and fat from separating

Which of the following must be reduced to simpler components before it can be transported across epithelial cells of the intestine? a- dipeptides b- whey c- casein hydrolysate d- crystalline amino acids

b- whey

Adding bran to a recipe will: a- increase volume b- decrease volume c- require an increase in oven temp d- require a decrease in oven temp

b- decrease volume

An angel food cake is made without cream of tartar. What is the result? a- yellowy cake b- bright white cake c- cake with large volume d- tender cake

a- yellowy cake

All baking powders contain: a- sodium bicarbonate b- tartrate c- phosphate d- acetate

a- sodium bicarbonate

Beef bottom round should be cooked: a- at high temp for short time b- in water for extended time c- in dry heat d- in moist heat for short time

b- in water for extended time

Which of the following combines with CoA in two carbon fragments to make acetyl CoA to enter Krebs cycle to make energy? a- lactic acid b- fatty acids c- glucose d- fructose

b- fatty acids

What is the best way to cook a roast? a- sear meat first, roast at 400F b- cook slowly in oven at 325F c- cook at 400F for 10 min then 350F d- brown the meat, then cook at 350F

b- cook slowly in oven at 325F

A #10 can holds how many cups? a- 10 b- 11 c- 13 d- 15

c- 13

Which of the following has the most bacteria? a- roast chicken b- ground beef c- roast veal d- roast pork

b- ground beef

What is the product of pyruvate breakdown? a- acetyl CoA b- glycogen c- NADPH d- g-6-p

a- acetyl CoA

Which of the following is true? a- fructose has sucrose b- fructose is less concentrated than glucose c- fructose takes longer to digest than glucose d- fructose is sweeter than glucose

d- fructose is sweeter than glucose

Which of the following is correct? a- glucose is less sweet than sucrose b- lactose is sweeter than glucose c- glucose is sweeter than fructose d- lactose is sweeter than fructose

a- glucose is less sweet than sucrose

Which of the following is a grade for fresh produce? a- US Select b- US Grade A c- US No. 1 d- US Standard

c- US No. 1

Which is most likely to be a cause of salmonella? a- fresh fruit salad b- canned fruit salad c- caesar salad d- avocado salad

c- caesar salad

What gives the structure to quick breads? a- flour and milk b- flour and water c- egg and flour d- egg

c- egg and flour

When taking an anticoagulant, avoid the following: a- thiamin supplements b- vit E supplements above 400IU/day c- supplements of calcium and Vit D d- niacin supplements

b- vit E supplements above 400IU/day

What is a function of cream of tartar in a recipe? a- prevents Maillard reaction b- enhances Maillard reaction c- increases alkalinity allowing for better leavening d- enhances gelation

a- prevents Maillard reaction

The flour with the most starch is: a- cake b- whole wheat c- instantized d- durum

a- cake

Salmonella contamination in a foodservice can be best controlled by focusing on: a- meat delivery procedures b- sanitizing the meat slicer c- serving less meat d- meat storage procedures

b- sanitizing the meat slicer

Homemade rolls are crumbly and fall apart easily. The most likely cause of poor texture in the yeast bread is: a- high protein flour b- low protein flour c- insufficient proofing time d- excess proofing time

b- low protein flour

According to Chinese beliefs, food and herbs that may be used to treat illness are grouped as: a- yin (bright hot), yang (dark cold) b- yin (dark cold), yang (bright hot) c- action, maintenance d- harmful, beneficial

b- yin (dark cold), yang (bright hot)

A commercial muffin mix is described as a "rich formula", which means it contains: a- high proportions of sugar and shortening b- high fructose corn syrup instead of crystalline sugar c- high amounts of whey instead of nonfat dry milk solids d- more chemical leavening than is used in a "lean formula"

a- high proportions of sugar and shortening

The greatest effect on the yield of meat cooked to a uniform internal temperature is produced by the : a- type of oven and source of heat b- weight of meat and oven load c- degree of tempering and grade of meat d- cooking time and oven temp

d- cooking time and oven temp

The most likely source of Clostridium perfringens is: a- egg b- meat c- fruit d- vegetable

b- meat

Which of the following will stabilize the egg in a recipe? a- a base b- an acid c- sugar d- salt

b- an acid

A natural plant hormone that is used to ripen fruits is: a- methanol b- ethylene c- acetyl acid d- ethanol

b- ethylene

Aseptically packaged milk should be stored: a- dry storage b- refrigerator c- freezer d- below 40F

a- dry storage

Which of the following has slow onset and is anaerobic? a- staphylococcus aureus b- clostridium perfringens c- clositridium botulinum d- salmonella

c- clositridium botulinum

A frozen meal contains steak, mashed potatoes, BHA, BHT, and TVP. The TVP is used to: a- add color b- improve taste c- retain water and add protein d- act as an emulsifier

c- retain water and add protein

If broccoli in a vegetable mixture turns olive green during holding, it may be due to: a- lemon juice b- baking soda c- salt d- sugar

a- lemon juice

In the alanine cycle, alanine is released from muscle, taken up by the liver, and: a- excreted in urine b- deaminated to release glucose c- converted into adipose d- oxidized into Nitric acid

b- deaminated to release glucose

In the Cori Cycle, lactate is converted into: a- ribose b- NADPH c- pyruvate d- acetyl CoA

c- pyruvate

Normal saline has ______ mEq/L sodium. a- 154 b- 100 c- 50 d- 200

a- 154

An amylase deficiency would result in: a- decreased gluconeogenesis b- decreased lipolysis c- decreased glycolysis d- decreased proteolysis

c- decreased glycolysis