Questions 111-220 Flashcards
Which of the following substitutions will most decrease the sodium content of a biscuit?
I - low sodium milk for whole milk
II - egg substitute for egg
III- low sodium baking powder for baking powder
a- I
b- I, II
c- all of the above
d- I,III
d- I,III
Which pasta contains egg?
a- noodles
b- spaghetti
c- macaroni
d- linguini
a- noodles
A patient who is iron deficient should consume ______ with a good iron source.
a- apple juice
b- orange juice
c- milk
d- cheese
b- orange juice
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L indicates:
a- sepsis
b- dehydration
c- hypertension
d- hyperglycemia
b- dehydration
Cabbage should be cooked:
a- covered
b- in a small amount of water
c- in a large amount of water
d- covered in a small amount of water
c- in a large amount of water
To decrease sodium intake, substitute:
a- carrots for celery
b- unsalted margarine for regular margarine
c- diet margarine for regular margarine
d- carrots for pepper
b- unsalted margarine for regular margarine
Apples stored in a controlled environment would:
a- ripen quickly
b- last one to two years
c- have extended life and improved marketing quality
d- only be used as processed fruit
c- have extended life and improved marketing quality
The following oils can be winterized:
a- corn, soy, cottonseed
b- olive, corn, soy
c- cottonseed, olive
d- olive, corn
a- corn, soy, cottonseed
Which would you give to a person who is mildly hypokalemic?
a- 1 cup blueberries
b- 1 cup cranberries
c- 1/2 cup applesauce
d- 1 piece cantaloupe
d- 1 piece cantaloupe
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L is a sign of:
a- high sodium intake
b- low sodium intake
c- hyponatremia
d- hypernatremia
d- hypernatremia
To increase potassium intake, consume a snack of:
a- cheese and crackers, plums, cranberry juice
b- a bagel, milk, and an apple
c- a grilled cheese and tomato sandwich and strawberries
d- tuna salad, a wheat roll, and cola
c- a grilled cheese and tomato sandwich and strawberries
If protein intake is doubled, which nutrient needs to be increased?
a- pyridoxine
b- folic acid
c- niacin
d- vitamin C
a- pyridoxine
Illness due to Bacillus Cereus is due to contaminated:
a- rice products and starchy foods
b- fruits
c- dairy products
d- eggs
a- rice products and starchy foods
The Cori Cycle converts:
a- glucose into galactose
b- lactate into pyruvate
c- lactic acid into glycogen
d- glycogen into glucose
b- lactate into pyruvate
Fats high in monounsaturated fatty acids include:
a- olive and canola
b- safflower and corn
c- coconut and palm
d- soy and peanut
a- olive and canola
Fats high in polyunsaturated fatty acids include:
a- olive and canola
b- safflower and corn
c- coconut and palm
d- soy and peanut
b- safflower and corn
Green beans cooked in tomato sauce turn _____ due to _____.
a- bright green; chlorophyllin
b- olive green; pheophytin
c- brown; carotenoids
d- black; anthoxanthins
b- olive green; pheophytin
If you are on a low phosphorus diet, what food should you avoid most?
a- beef
b- orange juice
c- yogurt
d- bread
a- beef
A 5 month old is dx with salmonella. What is likely the cause?
a- fruit juice
b- milk
c- table food
d- evaporated milk
c- table food
An 8 month old baby contracts botulism. What is the likely cause?
a- cereal and evaporated milk
b- cereal and honey
c- cereal and table food
d- cereal and fruit juice
b- cereal and honey
Which is the best source of emulsification?
a- eggs
b- milk
c- salt
d- flour
a- eggs
The kidneys respond to respiratory acidosis by:
a- increasing secretion of Magnesium
b- exchanging sodium for calcium
c- increasing retention of bicarbonate
d- exchanging potassium for hydrogren
c- increasing retention of bicarbonate
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L may be due to:
a- an increase in intake of sodium rich foods
b- decreased steroid formation
c- an increased level of aldosterone
d- a decrease in intake of sodium-rich foods
c- an increased level of aldosterone
Green peas held on the serving line may turn olive green due to:
a- pheophytin
b- chlorophyllin
c- anthoxanthins
d- flavones
a- pheophytin
In cereal production, enrichment adds:
a- vit A
b- vit D
c- iron
d- iodine
c- iron
Cured meat is pink due to:
a- sugar
b- salt
c- vinegar
d- nitrites
d- nitrites
A serum sodium level of 115 mEq/L may be due to:
a- overhydration
b- dehydration
c- very high sodium intake
d- sodium intake of 5.5g per day
a- overhydration
Butter has fatty acids in this order of predominance:
a- PUFA MUFA SAT
b- SAT MUFA PUFA
c- MUFA SAT PUFA
d- MUFA PUFA SAT
b- SAT MUFA PUFA
Margarine has fatty acids in this order of predominance:
a- PUFA MUFA SAT
b- SAT MUFA PUFA
c- MUFA SAT PUFA
d- MUFA PUFA SAT
a- PUFA MUFA SAT
Lactic acid is produced by:
a- glycolysis
b- gluconeogenesis
c- glycogenesis
d- lactolysis
a- glycolysis
Which of the following amino acids is a precursor for serotonin?
a- phenylalanine
b- methionine
c- tryptophan
d- tyrosine
c- tryptophan
When on Dicumarol, avoid increasing intake of:
a- spinach
b- beets
c- corn
d- beef
a- spinach
Food was held at 70F for a long time in anaerobic conditions. Eight hours after eating it you became ill. What is the culprit?
a- salmonella
b- staphylococcus
c- clostridium perfringens
d- campylobacter jejuni
c- clostridium perfringens
Energy expenditure of humans can be measured by:
a- heat intake
b- food intake
c- nitrogen output
d- oxygen consumption
d- oxygen consumption
Gastric proteolysis requires:
a- pyridoxine
b- ascorbic acid
c- hydrochloric acid
d- intrinsic factor
c- hydrochloric acid
Patients with early signs of xerophthalmia should consume?
a- chicken, fish, summer squash
b- liver, milk, eggs
c- oatmeal, almonds, berries
d- high fiber cereals, salad greens
b- liver, milk, eggs
Sorbitol is:
a- less sweet than sucrose, lower GI than sucrose
b- less sweet than sucrose, higher GI than sucrose
c- sweeter than sucrose
d- sweeter than sucrose, higher GI than sucrose
a- less sweet than sucrose, lower GI than sucrose
Which mineral is absorbed through the intestine and transported with ceruloplasmin in the blood?
a- copper
b- iodine
c- pyridoxine
d- calcium
a- copper
The Schilling test detects defects in the absorption of:
a- folic acid
b- cyanocobalamin
c- pyridoxine
d- iron
b- cyanocobalamin
Which of the following should be avoided on a low sodium diet?
a- pork loin
b- turkey roll
c- beef sirloin
d- lamb chop
b- turkey roll
What is the effect of excess caffeine intake?
a- insomnia
b- nausea
c- bloating
d- weight gain
a- insomnia
The toxic level of vitamin A has been identified as:
a- 5000 IU
b- 10000 IU
c- 15000 IU
d- 20000 IU
b- 10000 IU
The best way to prevent the spread of food borne illness is to:
a- wash hands regularly
b- cook all foods thoroughly
c- purchase food from trusted vendors
d- prepare food shortly before serving
a- wash hands regularly
The amino acid tryptophan can be converted into:
a- serotonin
b- catecholamines
c- phenylalanine
d- tyrosine
a- serotonin
A muffin has long tunnels from top to bottom. Next time you make this recipe you should:
a- add more baking soda
b- avoid over mixing batter
c- add less butter
d- cook for shorter time
b- avoid over mixing batter
Prevention of an outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes requires special care because:
a- it is insensitive to light
b- it is sensitive to low temperatures
c- it can grow at 34-113F
d- it can grow at 140-160F
c- it can grow at 34-113F
Phenylalanine is a precursor for:
a- serotonin
b- catecholamines
c- tryptophan
d- tyrosine
d- tyrosine
A cutting board was used to cut up raw chicken. It was then used to cut up raw vegetables. Guests eating the meal became ill most likely from:
a- Clostridium botulinum
b- Clostridium perfringens
c- Salmonella
d- Streptococcus
c- Salmonella
Decreased levels of serotonin are associated with:
a- decrease in carbohydrate appetite
b- increase in carbohydrate appetite
c- decreased sensation of taste
d- increased sensation of taste
b- increase in carbohydrate appetite
Carbohydrate, fat, and protein are all converted into:
a- pyruvic acid
b- acetyl CoA
c- oxaloacetic acid
d- ketoflutamic acid
b- acetyl CoA
If energy needs increase, which vitamins are needed in higher amounts?
a- A, C, folate
b- A,C, thiamin
c- thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid
d- pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin
c- thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid
How many mEq of sodium are in 1 gram of sodium?
a- 25
b- 43
c- 65
d- 110
b- 43
How can you preserve thiamin when cooking pork?
a- use drippings after fat removed
b- insert a meat thermometer and cook to 160F in 325F oven
c- increase cooking temp to lessen cooking time
d- add a small quantity of water during cooking
b- insert a meat thermometer and cook to 160F in 325F oven
A good source of vitamin A for preschool children would be:
a- grapes
b- watermelon
c- cantaloupe pieces
d- banana
c- cantaloupe pieces
Which amino acid is especially glucogenic?
a- alanine
b- threonine
c- valine
d- methionine
a- alanine
If carbohydrate intake is increased, which vitamin needs to be increased?
a- thiamin
b- niacin
c- riboflavin
d- pyridoxine
a- thiamin
The rate of oxidation of which branched chain amino acid increases significantly during moderate exercise?
a- leucine
b- phenylalanine
c- tyrosine
d- threonine
a- leucine
What should you do with leftover sliced beef from lunch?
a- throw it out
b- let meat cool at room temp and serve within 2 days
c- refrigerate immediately and serve within 2 days
d- keep it in warmer until dinner time
c- refrigerate immediately and serve within 2 days
A food is bacteria safe if it is:
a- neutral and moist
b- neutral and dry
c- acidic and dry
d- acidic and moist
c- acidic and dry
French fries made from stored potatoes would have changes in
I - taste
II - appearance
III- texture
a- I, II, III
b- II, III
c- I
d- I, III
a- I, II, III
What percent of protein and fat convert to glucose?
a- 58% pro, 10% fat
b- 10% pro, 60% fat
c- 30% pro, 30% fat
d- 20% pro, 40% fat
a- 58% pro, 10% fat
Excess amounts of zinc may lead to deficiency of:
a- copper
b- magnesium
c- iron
d- cobalt
a- copper
When adding bran to a flour mixture, what should be changed?
a- baking temp
b- increase fat and liquid
c- increase oxidizing agent
d- increase flour and liquid
d- increase flour and liquid
Glycerol, amino acids, and free fatty acids will have what effect on the hypothalamus gland?
a- increase satiety
b- decrease satiety
c- increased activity level
d- increased lethargy
b- decrease satiety
Which of the following is a digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas?
a- pepsin
b- amylase
c- lactase
d- maltase
b- amylase
Clostridium perfringens is often found in:
a- meat and gravied mixtures in large quantities
b- fresh fruits and vegetables
c- dairy mixtures
d- uncured cheeses
a- meat and gravied mixtures in large quantities
Salmonella sources are often:
a- reheated foods
b- starchy foods and mixtures (casserole)
c- cooled slowly and reheated foods
d- raw produce and uncooked foods of animal origin
d- raw produce and uncooked foods of animal origin
What must be fortified with folic acid?
a- skim milk
b- cornmeal
c- orange juice
d- canned vegetables
b- cornmeal
Pie crust is moist the day after cooking. Why?
a- overcooking of crust
b- retrogradation of filling
c- too much egg in recipe
d- inadequate flour
b- retrogradation of filling
What is the main purpose of water in the body?
a- acts as medium for cell metabolism
b- helps transport calcium through cell membranes
c- maintains electrolyte balance
d- maintain body temperature
a- acts as medium for cell metabolism
What is fluid seeping from a congealed product called?
a- retrogradation
b- syneresis
c- coagulation
d- gelatinization
b- syneresis
Which of the following is a common cause of salmonella in a salad bar?
a- fresh fruit
b- egg salad
c- lettuce and tomato
d- pickles
b- egg salad
Which food-borne pathogen would most likely contaminate cooked rice or pasta in open pans at room temperature?
a- clostridium perfringens
b- bacillus cereus
c- stapylococcus, bacillus cereus
d- campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus
b- bacillus cereus
Frozen chicken has been thawed in warm water. You should:
a- prepare it immediately
b- discard it
c- refreeze it
d- refrigerate it
b- discard it
When substituting butter for lard in pastry:
a- use the same amount
b- use less
c- use more
d- use less and decrease water content
c- use more
The purpose of an emulsifier in margarine is to:
a- keep water and fat from separating
b- keep water and fat separated
c- sustain the natural flavor of ingredients
d- retain color
a- keep water and fat from separating
Which of the following must be reduced to simpler components before it can be transported across epithelial cells of the intestine?
a- dipeptides
b- whey
c- casein hydrolysate
d- crystalline amino acids
b- whey
Adding bran to a recipe will:
a- increase volume
b- decrease volume
c- require an increase in oven temp
d- require a decrease in oven temp
b- decrease volume
An angel food cake is made without cream of tartar. What is the result?
a- yellowy cake
b- bright white cake
c- cake with large volume
d- tender cake
a- yellowy cake
All baking powders contain:
a- sodium bicarbonate
b- tartrate
c- phosphate
d- acetate
a- sodium bicarbonate
Beef bottom round should be cooked:
a- at high temp for short time
b- in water for extended time
c- in dry heat
d- in moist heat for short time
b- in water for extended time
Which of the following combines with CoA in two carbon fragments to make acetyl CoA to enter Krebs cycle to make energy?
a- lactic acid
b- fatty acids
c- glucose
d- fructose
b- fatty acids
What is the best way to cook a roast?
a- sear meat first, roast at 400F
b- cook slowly in oven at 325F
c- cook at 400F for 10 min then 350F
d- brown the meat, then cook at 350F
b- cook slowly in oven at 325F
A #10 can holds how many cups?
a- 10
b- 11
c- 13
d- 15
c- 13
Which of the following has the most bacteria?
a- roast chicken
b- ground beef
c- roast veal
d- roast pork
b- ground beef
What is the product of pyruvate breakdown?
a- acetyl CoA
b- glycogen
c- NADPH
d- g-6-p
a- acetyl CoA
Which of the following is true?
a- fructose has sucrose
b- fructose is less concentrated than glucose
c- fructose takes longer to digest than glucose
d- fructose is sweeter than glucose
d- fructose is sweeter than glucose
Which of the following is correct?
a- glucose is less sweet than sucrose
b- lactose is sweeter than glucose
c- glucose is sweeter than fructose
d- lactose is sweeter than fructose
a- glucose is less sweet than sucrose
Which of the following is a grade for fresh produce?
a- US Select
b- US Grade A
c- US No. 1
d- US Standard
c- US No. 1
Which is most likely to be a cause of salmonella?
a- fresh fruit salad
b- canned fruit salad
c- caesar salad
d- avocado salad
c- caesar salad
What gives the structure to quick breads?
a- flour and milk
b- flour and water
c- egg and flour
d- egg
c- egg and flour
When taking an anticoagulant, avoid the following:
a- thiamin supplements
b- vit E supplements above 400IU/day
c- supplements of calcium and Vit D
d- niacin supplements
b- vit E supplements above 400IU/day
What is a function of cream of tartar in a recipe?
a- prevents Maillard reaction
b- enhances Maillard reaction
c- increases alkalinity allowing for better leavening
d- enhances gelation
a- prevents Maillard reaction
The flour with the most starch is:
a- cake
b- whole wheat
c- instantized
d- durum
a- cake
Salmonella contamination in a foodservice can be best controlled by focusing on:
a- meat delivery procedures
b- sanitizing the meat slicer
c- serving less meat
d- meat storage procedures
b- sanitizing the meat slicer
Homemade rolls are crumbly and fall apart easily. The most likely cause of poor texture in the yeast bread is:
a- high protein flour
b- low protein flour
c- insufficient proofing time
d- excess proofing time
b- low protein flour
According to Chinese beliefs, food and herbs that may be used to treat illness are grouped as:
a- yin (bright hot), yang (dark cold)
b- yin (dark cold), yang (bright hot)
c- action, maintenance
d- harmful, beneficial
b- yin (dark cold), yang (bright hot)
A commercial muffin mix is described as a “rich formula”, which means it contains:
a- high proportions of sugar and shortening
b- high fructose corn syrup instead of crystalline sugar
c- high amounts of whey instead of nonfat dry milk solids
d- more chemical leavening than is used in a “lean formula”
a- high proportions of sugar and shortening
The greatest effect on the yield of meat cooked to a uniform internal temperature is produced by the :
a- type of oven and source of heat
b- weight of meat and oven load
c- degree of tempering and grade of meat
d- cooking time and oven temp
d- cooking time and oven temp
The most likely source of Clostridium perfringens is:
a- egg
b- meat
c- fruit
d- vegetable
b- meat
Which of the following will stabilize the egg in a recipe?
a- a base
b- an acid
c- sugar
d- salt
b- an acid
A natural plant hormone that is used to ripen fruits is:
a- methanol
b- ethylene
c- acetyl acid
d- ethanol
b- ethylene
Aseptically packaged milk should be stored:
a- dry storage
b- refrigerator
c- freezer
d- below 40F
a- dry storage
Which of the following has slow onset and is anaerobic?
a- staphylococcus aureus
b- clostridium perfringens
c- clositridium botulinum
d- salmonella
c- clositridium botulinum
A frozen meal contains steak, mashed potatoes, BHA, BHT, and TVP. The TVP is used to:
a- add color
b- improve taste
c- retain water and add protein
d- act as an emulsifier
c- retain water and add protein
If broccoli in a vegetable mixture turns olive green during holding, it may be due to:
a- lemon juice
b- baking soda
c- salt
d- sugar
a- lemon juice
In the alanine cycle, alanine is released from muscle, taken up by the liver, and:
a- excreted in urine
b- deaminated to release glucose
c- converted into adipose
d- oxidized into Nitric acid
b- deaminated to release glucose
In the Cori Cycle, lactate is converted into:
a- ribose
b- NADPH
c- pyruvate
d- acetyl CoA
c- pyruvate
Normal saline has ______ mEq/L sodium.
a- 154
b- 100
c- 50
d- 200
a- 154
An amylase deficiency would result in:
a- decreased gluconeogenesis
b- decreased lipolysis
c- decreased glycolysis
d- decreased proteolysis
c- decreased glycolysis
