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ENT > questions > Flashcards

questions Flashcards

1
Q

management for child with nose bleed

A

nasal cautery

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2
Q

Pott’s puffy tumour

A

subperisteal abcess
complication from frontal osteomyelitis
presents with will-defined, tender and localised swelling of the forehead

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3
Q

rhinosinusitis

A

inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses

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4
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

caused by problem with the sensory system or vestibulocochlear nerve in the inner ear

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5
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

relates to a problem with sound travelling fom the environment to the inner ear

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6
Q

causes of sensorineurl hearing loss

A

presbycusis
noise-induced hearing loss
drug induced (aminoglycosides)
vestibular schwannoma

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7
Q

Weber’s test: unilateral conductive hearing loss

A

tuning fork sound will be heard louder in the deaf ear

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8
Q

Weber’s test: unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

A

tuning fork will be heard louder in the normal ear

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9
Q

Normal Rinne’s test

A

air louder than bone

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10
Q

normal Weber’s test

A

sound heard in midline

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11
Q

Rinne’s test: conductive hearing loss

A

Bone louder than air

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12
Q

Rinne’s test: sensorineural hearing loss

A

air louder than bone

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13
Q

where do vestibular schwannomas occur

A

cerebellopontine angle

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14
Q

what is cholesteatoma

A

abnormal collection of squamous epithelial cells in the middle ear
non-cancerous but can invade local tissue and nerves and erode the bones of the middle ear

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15
Q

presentation of cholesteatoma

A

foul discharge from the ear

unilateral conductive hearing loss

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16
Q

presentation of thyroid lump

A

midline neck lump

ascends on swallow but not on protrusion of the tongue

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17
Q

presentation of thyroglossal lump

A

midline, ascends both on swallow and tongue protrusion

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18
Q

Waldeyer’s ring

A

ring of lymphoid aggregation in the subepithelial layer of oropharynx and nasopharynx

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19
Q

classic history of peritonsillar abscess

A

unilateral throat pain and odynophagia
trismus
3-7 days of preceding acute tonsillitis

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20
Q

umbo

A

most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane

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21
Q

cone of light

A

normally directed anterioinferiorly

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22
Q

where does the vagus nerve leave the cranial cavity

A

jugular foramen

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23
Q

first (most superior) nerve to branch off of the vagus nerve

A

superior laryngeal nerve

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24
Q

Most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting days-weeks

A

labyrinthitis and vestibular neuronitis

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25
Q

Condition(s) associated with hearing loss and/or Tinnitus

A

Meniere’s and labyrinthitis

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26
Q

Most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting just seconds to minutes

A

BPPV

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27
Q

Most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting 20 minutes to several hours

A

Meniere’s disease

28
Q

first line treatment in children with persistent glue ear

A

grommet insertion

29
Q

second line treatment in children with persistent glue ear

A

adenoidectomy and repeat grommet insertion

30
Q

In diagnosing glandular fever what might be seen on blood film

A

Atypical lymphocytes

31
Q

neck lump moving upwards on swallowing

A

goitre

32
Q

Usually a lump located between isthmus of thyroid and hyoid bone

A

thyroglossal cyst

33
Q

Cystic hygroma

A

benign congenital lymphatic lesion, most commonly located in left posterior triangle of neck. Usually diagnosed within the first 2 years of life.

34
Q

The most common cause of neck swellings

A

Reactive lymphadenopathy

35
Q

Pulsatile lateral neck lump

A

Carotid aneurysm

36
Q

Neck lump that is associated with dysphagia, aspiration and chronic cough

A

Pharyngeal pouch

37
Q

The most common bacterial cause for a sore throat is

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)

38
Q

Most common cause of otitis externa

A

Staphylococcus aureus

39
Q

Gram positive cocci chains

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

40
Q

The organism that produces a potent exotoxin

A

Corynebacterium Diptheriae

41
Q

Most common bacterial cause of otitis media

A

Haemophilus influenzae

42
Q

At what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage located?

A

C4/5/6

43
Q

At what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage located?

A

C3

44
Q

when should a nasal fracture be assessed to see if local manipulation is indicated

A

7-14 days

45
Q

do you give antibiotics in acute presentation of rhinosinusitis

A

no because the majority are of viral origin

46
Q

anatomical cause of prominent pinna

A

lack of antihelical fold

enlarged concha bone

47
Q

first line management of allergic rhinitis

A

allergen avoidance

48
Q

nerve responsible for referred otalgia from oropharynx

A

glossopharyngal nerve

49
Q

most useful investigation for neck mass of unknown origin

A

USS FNA

50
Q

most likely cause of parotid swelling

A

pleomorphic adenoma

51
Q

bigger the gland..

A

more likely benign

52
Q

phases of swallowing

A

oral phase

pharyngeal phase oesophageal phase

53
Q

patient not improving after 3 days with otitis externa and conservative measures… next step

A

topical sofradex

54
Q

type B tympanogram indicate

flat trace

A

fluid in middle ear

55
Q

what type of hearing loss in a patient with presbycusis

A

high frequency sensironeural hearing loss

56
Q

rinnes test positive on right and neg on left
webers going to the left
likely hearing loss?

A

conductive on the left

57
Q

vertigo minutes to hours
history of migraines
management?

A

lifestyle and dietary changes

  • migraine induced vertigo
  • if that didnt work would give triptans
58
Q

vertigo when head held in particular position

A

BPPV

59
Q

Hallpike manoeuvre

A

BPPV

60
Q

presentation of otosclerosis

A
  • Patient under 40
  • Unilateral or bilateral
  • Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus
  • Lower pitch sounds
  • Can be genetic
    Worsened by pregnancy
61
Q

investigation of otosclerosis

A

first line is audiometry

62
Q

management of otosclerosis

A

hearing aides

stapedectomy

63
Q

presentation of meniere’s disease

A

unilateral vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus!!!
episodes of 20 mins- hours
fullness of ear
spontaneous nystagmus

64
Q

management of meniere’s disease

A

prophylactic medication:

  • prochlorperazine
  • antihistamines

tinnitus therapy
hearing aides

65
Q

management of perforated tympanic membrane

A

should heal within 6 weeks
keep dry
week course of antibiotics- amoxicillin?

ENT (2 decks)

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