questions Flashcards
management for child with nose bleed
nasal cautery
Pott’s puffy tumour
subperisteal abcess
complication from frontal osteomyelitis
presents with will-defined, tender and localised swelling of the forehead
rhinosinusitis
inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses
sensorineural hearing loss
caused by problem with the sensory system or vestibulocochlear nerve in the inner ear
conductive hearing loss
relates to a problem with sound travelling fom the environment to the inner ear
causes of sensorineurl hearing loss
presbycusis
noise-induced hearing loss
drug induced (aminoglycosides)
vestibular schwannoma
Weber’s test: unilateral conductive hearing loss
tuning fork sound will be heard louder in the deaf ear
Weber’s test: unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
tuning fork will be heard louder in the normal ear
Normal Rinne’s test
air louder than bone
normal Weber’s test
sound heard in midline
Rinne’s test: conductive hearing loss
Bone louder than air
Rinne’s test: sensorineural hearing loss
air louder than bone
where do vestibular schwannomas occur
cerebellopontine angle
what is cholesteatoma
abnormal collection of squamous epithelial cells in the middle ear
non-cancerous but can invade local tissue and nerves and erode the bones of the middle ear
presentation of cholesteatoma
foul discharge from the ear
unilateral conductive hearing loss
presentation of thyroid lump
midline neck lump
ascends on swallow but not on protrusion of the tongue
presentation of thyroglossal lump
midline, ascends both on swallow and tongue protrusion
Waldeyer’s ring
ring of lymphoid aggregation in the subepithelial layer of oropharynx and nasopharynx
classic history of peritonsillar abscess
unilateral throat pain and odynophagia
trismus
3-7 days of preceding acute tonsillitis
umbo
most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane
cone of light
normally directed anterioinferiorly
where does the vagus nerve leave the cranial cavity
jugular foramen
first (most superior) nerve to branch off of the vagus nerve
superior laryngeal nerve
Most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting days-weeks
labyrinthitis and vestibular neuronitis
Condition(s) associated with hearing loss and/or Tinnitus
Meniere’s and labyrinthitis
Most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting just seconds to minutes
BPPV
Most likely diagnosis for vertigo lasting 20 minutes to several hours
Meniere’s disease
first line treatment in children with persistent glue ear
grommet insertion
second line treatment in children with persistent glue ear
adenoidectomy and repeat grommet insertion
In diagnosing glandular fever what might be seen on blood film
Atypical lymphocytes
neck lump moving upwards on swallowing
goitre
Usually a lump located between isthmus of thyroid and hyoid bone
thyroglossal cyst
Cystic hygroma
benign congenital lymphatic lesion, most commonly located in left posterior triangle of neck. Usually diagnosed within the first 2 years of life.
The most common cause of neck swellings
Reactive lymphadenopathy
Pulsatile lateral neck lump
Carotid aneurysm
Neck lump that is associated with dysphagia, aspiration and chronic cough
Pharyngeal pouch
The most common bacterial cause for a sore throat is
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)
Most common cause of otitis externa
Staphylococcus aureus
Gram positive cocci chains
Streptococcus pyogenes
The organism that produces a potent exotoxin
Corynebacterium Diptheriae
Most common bacterial cause of otitis media
Haemophilus influenzae
At what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage located?
C4/5/6
At what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage located?
C3
when should a nasal fracture be assessed to see if local manipulation is indicated
7-14 days
do you give antibiotics in acute presentation of rhinosinusitis
no because the majority are of viral origin
anatomical cause of prominent pinna
lack of antihelical fold
enlarged concha bone
first line management of allergic rhinitis
allergen avoidance
nerve responsible for referred otalgia from oropharynx
glossopharyngal nerve
most useful investigation for neck mass of unknown origin
USS FNA
most likely cause of parotid swelling
pleomorphic adenoma
bigger the gland..
more likely benign
phases of swallowing
oral phase
pharyngeal phase oesophageal phase
patient not improving after 3 days with otitis externa and conservative measures… next step
topical sofradex
type B tympanogram indicate
flat trace
fluid in middle ear
what type of hearing loss in a patient with presbycusis
high frequency sensironeural hearing loss
rinnes test positive on right and neg on left
webers going to the left
likely hearing loss?
conductive on the left
vertigo minutes to hours
history of migraines
management?
lifestyle and dietary changes
- migraine induced vertigo
- if that didnt work would give triptans
vertigo when head held in particular position
BPPV
Hallpike manoeuvre
BPPV
presentation of otosclerosis
- Patient under 40
- Unilateral or bilateral
- Hearing loss
- Tinnitus
- Lower pitch sounds
- Can be genetic
Worsened by pregnancy
investigation of otosclerosis
first line is audiometry
management of otosclerosis
hearing aides
stapedectomy
presentation of meniere’s disease
unilateral vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus!!!
episodes of 20 mins- hours
fullness of ear
spontaneous nystagmus
management of meniere’s disease
prophylactic medication:
- prochlorperazine
- antihistamines
tinnitus therapy
hearing aides
management of perforated tympanic membrane
should heal within 6 weeks
keep dry
week course of antibiotics- amoxicillin?
