Questions Flashcards
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
A) Cellular cytotoxicity. B) Immunocomplex C) Anaphylaxis D) Atopy E) Antibody -dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
B) Immunocomplex
10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed after the tuberculin injection? A) Atopic reaction B) Arthus phenomenon C) Seroreaction D) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction E) Type II hypersensitivity reaction
D) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
2 days after labour a woman developed shock along with DIC syndrome that caused her death. Autopsy revealed purulent endomyometritis, regional purulent lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and purulent thrombophlebitis. There were also dystrophic alterations and interstitial inflammation of parenchymal organs. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Hydatid mole B) Syphilis C) Tuberculosis of genital organs D) Chorioadenoma destruens E) Septicemia
E) Septicemia
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechani-sm underlies these changes? A) Cellular cytotoxicity B) Anaphylaxy C) Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity D) Immunocomplex cytotoxicity E) Granulomatosis
A) Cellular cytotoxicity
It is suspected that the workers of a serum drugs plant at a regional hemotransfusion station are carriers of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. In order to detect staphylococcus carriage, the material from the nasopharynx of the workers should be inoculated into the following medium: A) Meat infusion broth B) Endo agar C) Egg-yolk-salt agar D) Kessler medium E) Blood agar
C) Egg-yolk-salt agar
A 10 year old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed after the tuberculin injection? A) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction B) Arthus phenomenon C) Seroreaction D) Atopic reaction E) Type II hypersensitivity reaction
A) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the disease? A) Proteus vulgaris B) Salmonella enteritidis C) Escherichia coli D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa E) Yersinia enterocolitica
C) Escherichia coli
A 12-year-old child has developed nephritic syndrome (proteinuria, hematuria, cylindruria) 2 weeks after the case of tonsillitis, which is a sign of affected glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys. What mechanism is the most likely to cause the basement membrane damage? A) Reaginic B) Granulomatous C) Antibody-mediated D) Immune complex E) Cytotoxic
D) Immune complex
A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
A) It blocks DNA synthesis
B) It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
C) It blocks thiol enzymes
D) It blocks RNA synthesis
E) It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
‘E) It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
A 27- year-old woman has used peni-cillin containing eye drops. In a few minutes itching, skin burning, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decreasing BP appeared. What antibodies can lead to this allergic reaction? A) IgM and IgG B) IgE and IgG C) IgA and IgM D) IgM and IgD E) IgG and IgD
,, B) IgE and IgG
A 3-year-old child has conti-nuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in blood is significantly increased. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
A) Cytomegalovirus infection
B) Burkitt’s lymphoma
C) Herpetic lymphadenopathy
D) Generalized infection caused by herpes-zoster
E) Infectious mononucleosis
E) Infectious mononucleosis
A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long time. Then she got a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity was developed?
A) II type (antibody cytotoxicity)
B) I type (reaginic)
C) IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
D) III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)
E) Granulomatosis
C) IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
A 30-year-old patient has dyspnea fits, mostly at night. He has been di-agnosed with bronchial asthma. What type of allergic reaction according to the Gell-Coombs classification is most likely in this case? A) Anaphylactic B) Cytotoxic C) Stimulating D) Immune complex E) Delayed-type hypersensitivity
A) Anaphylactic
A 4 year old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following differenti- al diagnostic medium: A) Endo’s agar B) Blood tellurite agar C) Ploskyrev’s agar D) Sabouraud’s agar E) Levenshtein-Yensen agar
B) Blood tellurite agar
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutiti-ve problem. After his examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to a bacteriological laboratory. To determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following di-fferential diagnostic medium: A) Levenshtein-Yessen agar B) Endo’s agar C) Ploskyrev’s agar D) Sabouraud’s agar E) Blood tellurite agar
E) Blood tellurite agar
A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable? A) Sporotrichosis B) Aspergillosis C) Candidosis D) Actinomycosis E) Coccidioidomycosis
D) Actinomycosis
A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis based on her cli-nical symptoms and the results of urine analysis. Anamnesis states chronic tonsillitis. What microorganisms are the most likely cause for her kidney damage? A) Mycoplasma B) Staphylococci C) Escherichia D) Streptococci E) Meningococci
D) Streptococci
A 5 year old child has been diagnosed with acute right distal pneumonia. Sputum inoculation revealed that the causative agent is resistant to penicillin, but it is senstive to macrolides. What drug should be prescribed? A) Gentamycin B) Tetracycline C) Azithromycin D) Streptomycin E) Ampicillin
C) Azithromycin
A 50-year-old patient has been admi-nistered laevomycetin for the treatment of typhoid fever, but on the next day the pati-ent’s condition worsened, the temperature rose to 39, 60C. The deterioration of the patient’s condition can be explained by:
A) Effects of endotoxins of the causative agent
B) Allergic reaction
C) Insensitivity of the pathogen to laevomycetin
D) Secondary infection
E) Re-infection
A) Effects of endotoxins of the causative agent
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, the next day his condition became worse, temperature rose to 39, 60 . What caused the complication?
A) Allergic reaction
B) The effect of endotoxin agent
C) Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
D) Secondary infection addition
E) Reinfection
B) The effect of endotoxin agent
A 50-year-old woman is being treated for shingles in a neurology unit. What reactivated virus causes this disease?
A) Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox virus)
B) Herpes simplex virus type 1
C) Herpes simplex virus type 2
D) Measles virus
E) Cytomegalovirus
A) Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox virus)
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15 years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it? A) Cholera B) Typhoid fever C) Measles D) Rubella E) Brill’s disease
E) Brill’s disease
A 6-year-old child with suspected active tuberculous process has undergone di-agnostic Mantoux test. What immunobi-ological preparation was injected? A) DTP vaccine B) BCG vaccine C) Tuberculin D) Tularinum E) Td vaccine
C) Tuberculin
A 60-year-old patient was hospitali-sed to the surgical department because of infection caused by blue pus bacillus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is sensative to penicillin antibiotics. Indicate which of the given penicillins has marked activity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa? A) Methicillin B) Benzylpenicillin C) Phenoxymethylpenicillin D) Oxacillin E) Carbenicillin disodium
E) Carbenicillin disodium
A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcic angina. Doctor suspected development of rheumatism and admini-stered serological examination. The provi-sional diagnosis will be most probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcic antigen: A) Erythrogenic toxin B) C-carbohydrate C) M-protein D) O-streptolysin E) Capsular polysaccharide
D) O-streptolysin
A 71 year old man had been presenting with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital in grave condition and died 2 days later. Autopsy of the body revealed the following: diphtheritic colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus. Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigella. What was the main disease? A) Dysentery B) Typhoid fever C) Salmonellosis D) Nonspecific ulcerous colitis E) Yersiniosis
A) Dysentery
A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis. Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of enri- chment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is this method called? A) Homogenization B) Inactivation C) Flotation D) Filtration E) Neutralization
A) Homogenization
A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group: A) Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents B) Broad spectrum antibacterial agents C) Broad spectrum antifungal agents D) Antiviral agents E) Antituberculous agents
B) Broad spectrum antibacterial agents
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there was a need for revacci-nation. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
A) No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
B) Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
C) No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
D) No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
E) Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
D) No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
A child had been administered anti- diphtheric serum. What resistance was formed in the child? A) Pathologic B) Active C) Primary D) Passive E) Physiological
D) Passive
A child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hours the site of the allergen injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful. What are the main components that determine such response of the body?
A) Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B) Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
C) Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
D) B-lymphocytes, IgM
E) Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
A) Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should be selected for fi-nding out the tubercle (Koch’s) bacillus? A) Method of Burry-Gins B) Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa C) Method of Gram D) Method of Neisser E) Method of Ziel-Neelsen
E) Method of Ziel-Neelsen
A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of mouse sucklings were infected with an inoculum taken from a child with provisional diagnosis "enterovirus infection". There was no cytopathic effect on the cell culture but mouse sucklings died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child? A) Polioviruses B) Coxsackie B C) ECHO virus D) Coxsackie A E) Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
D) Coxsackie A
A doctor prescribed a cephalosporin antibiotic to the patient after appendectomy for infection prevention. Antimicrobial activity of this group of antibiotics is based upon the disturbance of the following process: A) Ribosome protein synthesis B) Nucleic acid synthesis C) Microbial wall formation D) Energy metabolism E) Choline esterase block
C) Microbial wall formation
A drug solution sterilized by means of boiling was tested for sterility. Inoculation on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed clostridia. Clostridia survived the boiling because they are: A) Spore-formers B) Thermophilic C) Anaerobic D) Prototrophic E) Acid-fast
A) Spore-formers
A factory producing typhoid fever vaccine cultivates bacteria of virulent strain in optimal nutrient medium. Then the cells are separated from culture fluid by means of centrifugation and processed with formalin. What type of vaccine is it? A) Autovaccine B) Attenuated C) Chemical D) Anatoxin E) Inactivated
E) Inactivated
A female patient bitten by a stray dog came to a surgery. Wide lacerated wounds were localized on the patient’s face. What treatment-and prevention aid should be rendered in order to prevent rabies?
A) Hospitalization, injection of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine
B) Combined antibiotic therapy
C) Immunization with the antirabic vaccine
D) Hospitalization, medical surveillance
E) Urgent injection of normal gamma-globulin
C) Immunization with the antirabic vaccine
A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse because of reacti-on of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in this reaction? A) B-lymphocytes B) Interleukin-1 C) Natural killers D) T-killers E) T-helpers
D) T-killers
A group of children in the kindergarten (6-year-olds) received Mantoux test; 15 children presented with negative results. What measures should be taken towards these children? A) BCG vaccination B) Tuberculosis antitoxin C) Isolation D) Repeat the test E) Referral for fluorography
A) BCG vaccination
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine must be given to prevent rabies? A) Td B) DTaP C) Anti-rabies vaccine D) BCG E) TABte
C) Anti-rabies vaccine
A local general practitioner recommends taking interferon for influenza prevention. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
A) Prevents adsorption of virus in cell receptors
B) Blocks virus stripping
C) Inhibits virion exit from cells
D) Blocks virus protein synthesis
E) Disrupts the process of virus assembly
D) Blocks virus protein synthesis
A male patient has been di-agnosed with gastric ulcer. Bacteriological examination of biopsy material from the affected part of stomach revealed small colonies of gram-negative, oxide reductase-positive flexibacteria that grew on the chocolate agar on the fifth day. Which of the following microorganisms is the most likely causative agent? A) Chlamydia trachomatis B) Campilobacter jejuni C) Campilobacter fetus D) Mycoplasma hominis E) Helicobacter pylori
E) Helicobacter pylori
A man died from an acute infectious disease accompanied by fever, jaundice, haemorrhagic rash on the skin and mucous membranes as well as by acute renal insufficiency. Histological examination of renal tissue (stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method) revealed some convoluted bacteria looking like C und S letters. What bacteria were revealed? A) Leptospira B) Treponema C) Spirilla D) Borrelia E) Campilobacteria
A) Leptospira
A man is suffering from diarrhea. In summer he spent his vacation in the south at the sea coast. Bacteria with the following properties were detected in his feces: gram-negative curved mobile monotrichous baci- lli that do not produce spores or capsules. They are undemanding to nutrient medium but require alkaline reaction (ðÍ 8,5-09,5). Described are the agents of the following enteric infection: A) Typhoid fever B) Shigellosis C) Cholera D) Colienteritis E) Pseudotuberculosis
C) Cholera
A patient consulted a dentist about limited mouth opening (trismus). He has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection may cause these symptoms? A) Brucellosis B) Tetanus C) Whooping cough D) Wound anaerobic infection E) Tularemia
B) Tetanus
A patient consulted a dentist about restricted mouth opening (trismus). Anamnesis states a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection may cause these symptoms? A) Whooping cough B) Brucellosis C) Tetanus D) Wound anaerobic infection E) Tularemia
C) Tetanus
A patient diagnosed with acute dysentery has been treated for 3 days in an infectious diseases hospital. On admission there were complaints of high temperature, stomachache and fluid excrements with mucus as often as 8-10 times a day. What sample should be taken for analysis? A) Blood B) Urine C) Bile D) Liquor E) Feces
E) Feces
A patient has been admitted to the infectious diseases department for malaise, fever up to 38oC, jaundice. A few months ago, the patient underwent blood transfusion. The doctor suspected viral hepatitis B. What are the principal methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?
A) Serological and gene diagnostics
B) Virus isolation in cell culture and its identification by the cytopathic effects
C) Detection of virions in blood by electron microscopy
D) Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization reaction)
E) Isolation of the virus in chicken embryos
A) Serological and gene diagnostics
A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis that developed after he had had streptococcal infection. It is most likely that the affection of basal glomerular membrane is caused by an allergic reaction of the following type: A) Delayed B) Anaphylactic C) Cytotoxic D) Immune complex E) Stimulating
D) Immune complex
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction should be used to reveal botulinum toxin? A) Immunofluorescence test B) Agglutination reaction C) Bordet-Gengou test D) Precipitation reaction E) Neutralization reaction
E) Neutralization reaction
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. Name this serological reaction: A) Immune-enzyme analysis B) Radioimmunoassay technique C) Immunofluorescence test D) Bordet-Gengou test E) Antigen-binding assay
A) Immune-enzyme analysis
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxi-dase or alkaline phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological reaction? A) Antigen-binding assay B) Radioimmunoassay technique C) Immunofluorescence test D) Bordet-Gengou test E) Immune-enzyme analysis
E) Immune-enzyme analysis
A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days. Doctor admini-stered inoculation of mucus from the patient’s nasopharynx on the agar. What microorganism is presumed? A) Klebsiella B) Pfeiffer’s bacillus C) Listeria D) Pertussis bacillus E) Staphylococcus
D) Pertussis bacillus
A patient has food poisoning. Laboratory analysis revealed a culture of anaerobic gram-positive spore- forming bacteria. What is the most likely kind of the isolated causative agent? A) C. perfringens B) Proteus vulgaris C) P. mirabilis D) Vibrio parahemolyticus E) Esherichia coli
A) C. perfringens
A patient has herpetic rash. What medication should be administered? A) Benzylpenicillin sodium salt B) Gentamycin C) Clotrimazole D) Acyclovir E) Biseptol
D) Acyclovir
A patient has severe catarrhal symptoms. Material growth on Bordet-Gengou agar showed mercury-drop- like colonies. Examination of the blood smears revealed some small ovoid gram-positive bacilli sized 1-3 microns. What microorganisms were isolated? A) Meningococcus B) Corynebacteria C) Mycobacteria D) Bordetella E) Brucella
D) Bordetella
A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken from a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of development of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of: A) Immunosuppressors B) Chemotherapy C) Ultrasound D) Enzymes E) X-ray therapy
A) Immunosuppressors
A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteri-ological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase- positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be? A) coli B) Proteus mirabilis C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa D) Str.pyogenes E) Mycoplasma pneumonie
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteri-ological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase- positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be? A) Str.pyogenes B) Proteus mirabilis C) coli D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa E) Mycoplasma pneumonie
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called? A) Superinfection B) Recidivation C) Reinfection D) Persisting infection E) Chronic infection
C) Reinfection
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following type of reactions: A) Anaphylactic reactions B) Cytotoxic reactions C) Immunocomplex reactions D) delayed-type hypersensitivity E) Autoimmune reactions
A) Anaphylactic reactions
A patient suffers from pulmonary tuberculosis. During treatment neuritis of visual nerve arose. What drug has caused this by-effect? A) Streptomycin B) Ethambutol C) Kanamycin D) Rifampicin E) Isoniazid
E) Isoniazid
A patient underwent appendectomy. In the postoperative period he has been taking an antibiotic. The patient complains about hearing impairment and vestibular disorders. What group of antibiotics has such by-effects? A) Tetracyclines B) Penicillins C) Aminoglycosides D) Macrolides E) Cephalosporins
C) Aminoglycosides
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease? A) Delayed type hypersensitivity B) Cytotoxic C) Immunocomplex D) Anaphylactic E) Stimulating
A) Delayed type hypersensitivity
A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions? A) Inflammation modulators B) Antibiotics C) Hormones D) Serum proteins E) Modified receptors of cell membranes
E) Modified receptors of cell membranes
A patient was prescribed with an antitumoral antibiotic that inhibits synthesis of nucleic acids in the cells. What of the following antibiotics has such a mechanism of action? A) Nystatin B) Tetracycline C) Actinomycin D) Lincomycin E) Erythromycin
C) Actinomycin
A patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency has unchanged number and functional activity of T and B lymphocytes. Dysfunction defect of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells was found duri-ng investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what cells is the most probable here?
A) NK-cells
B) Ò-lymphocytes, Â-lymphocytes
C) Macrophages, monocytes
D) Fibroblasts, Ò-lymphocytes, Â-lymphocytes
E) 0-lymphocytes
C) Macrophages, monocytes
A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to confirm the diagnosis? A) Detachment of myeloculture B) Detachment of blood culture C) Detachment of feces culture D) Detachment of urine culture E) Detachment of pure culture
B) Detachment of blood culture
A patient with provisional diagnosis "acute gastroenteritis"was admitted to infectious department. Inoculation of feces on bismuth-sulfite agar resulted in growth of black colonies with metallic lustre. What microorganisms might they be? A) Escherichia B) Shigella C) Salmonella D) Yersinia E) Brucella
C) Salmonella
A patient with skin mycosis has di-sorder of cellular immunity. The most typical characteristic of it is reduction of the following index: A) Plasmocytes B) Immunoglobulin G C) Immunoglobulin E D) B-lymphocytes E) T-lymphocytes
E) T-lymphocytes
A patient with suspected dysentery has been admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. Which basic method of laboratory diagnosis must be applied in the first place? A) Allergic B) Serological C) Bacteriological D) Biological E) Microscopic
C) Bacteriological
A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus? A) Lice B) Spiders C) Bed-bugs D) Cockroaches E) fly
A) Lice
A person was selling "homemade pork"sausages on the market. State sani-tary inspector suspected falcification of the sausages. What serological immune reaction can identifiy food substance? A) Precipitation test B) Indirect hemagglutination test C) Agglutination test D) Immunofluorescence test E) Complement- fixation test
A) Precipitation test
A pharmaceutical company received from a laboratory a delivery order of di-agnostic medications used for studying antigenic properties of causative agent. Name these preparations: A) Immunoglobulins B) Allergens C) Diagnosticums D) Diagnostic sera E) Bacteriophages
D) Diagnostic sera
A pharmaceutical enterprise produces a tetanus-specific preventive drug. Which drug of those listed below is it? A) Live vaccine B) Dead vaccine C) Anatoxin D) Immunoglobulin E) Recombinant vaccine
C) Anatoxin
A pharmacy produced a batch of vials with glucose diluent for injections. What is the best way for their sterilization?
A) Autoclave sterilization under 2 atmosphere pressure
B) Autoclave sterilization by flowing steam (fractional method)
C) Dry-heat sterilization
D) X-ray exposure
E) UV exposure
B) Autoclave sterilization by flowing steam (fractional method)
A plantation of medicinal plants was affected by a disease that caused yellow spots and necrosis areas on the leaves. Juice of affected plants remains infectious after passing through bacterial filter, but after its inoculation of nutrient media growth of causative agent is not regi-stered. What group of phytopathogenic microorganisms does the causative agent of this disease belong to? A) Actinomycetes B) Fungi C) Viruses D) Bacteria E) Mycoplasmas
C) Viruses
A pregnant woman was detected with IgM to rubella virus. An obstetrician-gynecologist recommended therapeutic abortion due to the high risk of teratogenic affection of the fetus. Detection of IgM was of great importance as it is these specific immunoglobulins that:
A) Indicate recent infection
B) Penetrate placental barrier
C) Have the largest molecular weight
D) Are associated with anaphylactic reacti-ons
E) Are the main factor of antiviral protection
A) Indicate recent infection
A pregnant woman was diagnosed with vaginal dysbacteriosis. What drug should be prescribed in this case? A) Interferon B) Antibiotic C) Bacteriophage D) Probiotic E) Polyvitamins
D) Probiotic
A sample of water used in drug production has been sent to a laboratory for sanitary and virological analysis. Presence of what virus group will be indicative of faecal contamination of water and, thus, the need for its additional purification? A) Orthomyxoviridae B) Herpesviridae C) Picornaviridae D) Retroviridae E) Flaviviridae
C) Picornaviridae
A sick man with high temperature and a lot of tiny wounds on the body has been admitted to the hospital. Lice have been found in the folds of his clothing. What disease can be suspected in the patient? A) Tularemia B) Epidemic typhus C) Scabies D) Malaria E) Plague
B) Epidemic typhus
A smear from the tonsillar coating of a patient with suspected diphtheria was found to contain blue bacilli with a thickening at the poles. What method of smear staining was used? A) Leffler B) Burri C) Hins D) Gram E) Neisser
A) Leffler
A smear of purulent excharge from urethra contains gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci with both extra- and intracellular positions. Make the provisi- onal microbiological diagnosis: A) Candidiasis B) Syphilis C) Chlamydiosis D) Trichomoniasis E) Gonorrhea
E) Gonorrhea
A smear of sputum from the patient with suspected lobar pneumonia was stained with the use of the following stains and reagents: solution of gentian violet, Lugol’s solution, 96o alcohol, water magenta. What staining method was applied in this case? A) Gram B) Ziehl-Nielsen C) Romanovsky D) Neisser E) Leffler
A) Gram
A smear of streptobacillus preparation stained by Ozheshko method has been studied microscopically with oil immersion. What structural feature of the bacteria has been studied? A) Structure of cell wall B) Capsule C) Flagella D) Inclusions E) Spores
E) Spores
A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorgani-sms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called? A) Spores B) Cilia C) Flagella D) Capsules E) Mesosomas
A) Spores
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses) taken from a pati-ent with provisional diagnosis “influenza”. What quick test will allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
A) Radioimmunoassay
B) Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
C) Hemagglutination inhibition assay
D) Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
E) ELISA
D) Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
A worker of a cattle farm fell acutely ill and then died from the progressing intoxication. Autopsy revealed enlarged, hyposthenic spleen of dark-cherry colour when dissected; excessive pulp scraping. At the base and fornix of brain pia maters are edematous, soaked with blood, dark-red ("scarlet hat"). Microscopic examination revealed serous haemorrhagic inflammation of brain tissues and tunics along with destruction of small vessel walls. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Brucellosis B) Tularemia C) Anthrax D) Plaque E) Cholera
C) Anthrax
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39oC accompani-ed by a strong headache. Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained smear of cerebrospinal fluid contained many neutrophils and Gram-positive diplococci. What bacteria could be the cause of this disease? A) Neisseria meningitidis B) Streptococcus pneumonia C) Haemophilus influenzae D) Staphylococcus aureus E) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A) Neisseria meningitidis
According to Pharmacopoeia requirements all drugs for topical administration should be monitored for "microbiological purity". Detection of the following microorganisms is the evidence of uselessness of this drug group in medical practice: A) Yeast fungi B) Aurococci C) Humicular staphylococci D) Mold fungi E) Sarcina
B) Aurococci
According to the Pharmacopoeia requirements, all drugs for topical administration should be tested for “microbiological purity”. Inapplicability of this drug group in the medical practice is indicated by presence of the following mi-croorganisms: A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Yeast fungi C) Saprophytic staphylococci D) Mold fungi E) Sarcinae
A) Staphylococcus aureus
According to the requirements of WHO and Pharmacopoeia different drug dosage forms of unsterile preparations are allowed to have a certain quantity of bacteria and fungi. What quantity of saprophytic bacteria and fungi in 1 g (ml) of a peroral preparation will ensure its safety? A) 500 bacteria and 200 mold fungi B) 500 bacteria and 50 mold fungi C) 250 bacteria and 25 mold fungi D) 1000 bacteria and 100 mold fungi E) 1500 bacteria and 150 mold fungi
D) 1000 bacteria and 100 mold fungi
Administration of doxycycline hydrochloride caused an imbalance of the symbiotic intestinal microflora. Specify the kind of imbalance caused by the anti-biotic therapy: A) Idiosyncrasy B) Sensibilization C) Dysbacteriosis D) Superimposed infection E) Bacteriosis
C) Dysbacteriosis
Aetiological factors for the infectious diseases are often microorganisms with various ultrastructure. Which of the following microorganism groups relates to the eucariots? A) Scotobacteria B) Viruses C) Viroids D) Prions E) Protozoa
E) Protozoa