Questions Flashcards
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
A) Cellular cytotoxicity. B) Immunocomplex C) Anaphylaxis D) Atopy E) Antibody -dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
B) Immunocomplex
10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed after the tuberculin injection? A) Atopic reaction B) Arthus phenomenon C) Seroreaction D) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction E) Type II hypersensitivity reaction
D) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
2 days after labour a woman developed shock along with DIC syndrome that caused her death. Autopsy revealed purulent endomyometritis, regional purulent lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and purulent thrombophlebitis. There were also dystrophic alterations and interstitial inflammation of parenchymal organs. What is the most likely diagnosis? A) Hydatid mole B) Syphilis C) Tuberculosis of genital organs D) Chorioadenoma destruens E) Septicemia
E) Septicemia
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechani-sm underlies these changes? A) Cellular cytotoxicity B) Anaphylaxy C) Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity D) Immunocomplex cytotoxicity E) Granulomatosis
A) Cellular cytotoxicity
It is suspected that the workers of a serum drugs plant at a regional hemotransfusion station are carriers of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. In order to detect staphylococcus carriage, the material from the nasopharynx of the workers should be inoculated into the following medium: A) Meat infusion broth B) Endo agar C) Egg-yolk-salt agar D) Kessler medium E) Blood agar
C) Egg-yolk-salt agar
A 10 year old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed after the tuberculin injection? A) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction B) Arthus phenomenon C) Seroreaction D) Atopic reaction E) Type II hypersensitivity reaction
A) Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the disease? A) Proteus vulgaris B) Salmonella enteritidis C) Escherichia coli D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa E) Yersinia enterocolitica
C) Escherichia coli
A 12-year-old child has developed nephritic syndrome (proteinuria, hematuria, cylindruria) 2 weeks after the case of tonsillitis, which is a sign of affected glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys. What mechanism is the most likely to cause the basement membrane damage? A) Reaginic B) Granulomatous C) Antibody-mediated D) Immune complex E) Cytotoxic
D) Immune complex
A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
A) It blocks DNA synthesis
B) It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
C) It blocks thiol enzymes
D) It blocks RNA synthesis
E) It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
‘E) It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
A 27- year-old woman has used peni-cillin containing eye drops. In a few minutes itching, skin burning, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decreasing BP appeared. What antibodies can lead to this allergic reaction? A) IgM and IgG B) IgE and IgG C) IgA and IgM D) IgM and IgD E) IgG and IgD
,, B) IgE and IgG
A 3-year-old child has conti-nuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in blood is significantly increased. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
A) Cytomegalovirus infection
B) Burkitt’s lymphoma
C) Herpetic lymphadenopathy
D) Generalized infection caused by herpes-zoster
E) Infectious mononucleosis
E) Infectious mononucleosis
A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long time. Then she got a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity was developed?
A) II type (antibody cytotoxicity)
B) I type (reaginic)
C) IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
D) III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)
E) Granulomatosis
C) IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
A 30-year-old patient has dyspnea fits, mostly at night. He has been di-agnosed with bronchial asthma. What type of allergic reaction according to the Gell-Coombs classification is most likely in this case? A) Anaphylactic B) Cytotoxic C) Stimulating D) Immune complex E) Delayed-type hypersensitivity
A) Anaphylactic
A 4 year old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following differenti- al diagnostic medium: A) Endo’s agar B) Blood tellurite agar C) Ploskyrev’s agar D) Sabouraud’s agar E) Levenshtein-Yensen agar
B) Blood tellurite agar
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutiti-ve problem. After his examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to a bacteriological laboratory. To determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following di-fferential diagnostic medium: A) Levenshtein-Yessen agar B) Endo’s agar C) Ploskyrev’s agar D) Sabouraud’s agar E) Blood tellurite agar
E) Blood tellurite agar
A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable? A) Sporotrichosis B) Aspergillosis C) Candidosis D) Actinomycosis E) Coccidioidomycosis
D) Actinomycosis
A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis based on her cli-nical symptoms and the results of urine analysis. Anamnesis states chronic tonsillitis. What microorganisms are the most likely cause for her kidney damage? A) Mycoplasma B) Staphylococci C) Escherichia D) Streptococci E) Meningococci
D) Streptococci
A 5 year old child has been diagnosed with acute right distal pneumonia. Sputum inoculation revealed that the causative agent is resistant to penicillin, but it is senstive to macrolides. What drug should be prescribed? A) Gentamycin B) Tetracycline C) Azithromycin D) Streptomycin E) Ampicillin
C) Azithromycin
A 50-year-old patient has been admi-nistered laevomycetin for the treatment of typhoid fever, but on the next day the pati-ent’s condition worsened, the temperature rose to 39, 60C. The deterioration of the patient’s condition can be explained by:
A) Effects of endotoxins of the causative agent
B) Allergic reaction
C) Insensitivity of the pathogen to laevomycetin
D) Secondary infection
E) Re-infection
A) Effects of endotoxins of the causative agent
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, the next day his condition became worse, temperature rose to 39, 60 . What caused the complication?
A) Allergic reaction
B) The effect of endotoxin agent
C) Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
D) Secondary infection addition
E) Reinfection
B) The effect of endotoxin agent
A 50-year-old woman is being treated for shingles in a neurology unit. What reactivated virus causes this disease?
A) Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox virus)
B) Herpes simplex virus type 1
C) Herpes simplex virus type 2
D) Measles virus
E) Cytomegalovirus
A) Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox virus)
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15 years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it? A) Cholera B) Typhoid fever C) Measles D) Rubella E) Brill’s disease
E) Brill’s disease
A 6-year-old child with suspected active tuberculous process has undergone di-agnostic Mantoux test. What immunobi-ological preparation was injected? A) DTP vaccine B) BCG vaccine C) Tuberculin D) Tularinum E) Td vaccine
C) Tuberculin
A 60-year-old patient was hospitali-sed to the surgical department because of infection caused by blue pus bacillus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is sensative to penicillin antibiotics. Indicate which of the given penicillins has marked activity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa? A) Methicillin B) Benzylpenicillin C) Phenoxymethylpenicillin D) Oxacillin E) Carbenicillin disodium
E) Carbenicillin disodium
A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcic angina. Doctor suspected development of rheumatism and admini-stered serological examination. The provi-sional diagnosis will be most probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcic antigen: A) Erythrogenic toxin B) C-carbohydrate C) M-protein D) O-streptolysin E) Capsular polysaccharide
D) O-streptolysin
A 71 year old man had been presenting with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital in grave condition and died 2 days later. Autopsy of the body revealed the following: diphtheritic colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus. Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigella. What was the main disease? A) Dysentery B) Typhoid fever C) Salmonellosis D) Nonspecific ulcerous colitis E) Yersiniosis
A) Dysentery
A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis. Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of enri- chment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is this method called? A) Homogenization B) Inactivation C) Flotation D) Filtration E) Neutralization
A) Homogenization
A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group: A) Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents B) Broad spectrum antibacterial agents C) Broad spectrum antifungal agents D) Antiviral agents E) Antituberculous agents
B) Broad spectrum antibacterial agents
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there was a need for revacci-nation. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
A) No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
B) Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
C) No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
D) No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
E) Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
D) No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
A child had been administered anti- diphtheric serum. What resistance was formed in the child? A) Pathologic B) Active C) Primary D) Passive E) Physiological
D) Passive
A child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hours the site of the allergen injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful. What are the main components that determine such response of the body?
A) Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B) Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
C) Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
D) B-lymphocytes, IgM
E) Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
A) Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should be selected for fi-nding out the tubercle (Koch’s) bacillus? A) Method of Burry-Gins B) Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa C) Method of Gram D) Method of Neisser E) Method of Ziel-Neelsen
E) Method of Ziel-Neelsen
A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of mouse sucklings were infected with an inoculum taken from a child with provisional diagnosis "enterovirus infection". There was no cytopathic effect on the cell culture but mouse sucklings died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child? A) Polioviruses B) Coxsackie B C) ECHO virus D) Coxsackie A E) Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
D) Coxsackie A
A doctor prescribed a cephalosporin antibiotic to the patient after appendectomy for infection prevention. Antimicrobial activity of this group of antibiotics is based upon the disturbance of the following process: A) Ribosome protein synthesis B) Nucleic acid synthesis C) Microbial wall formation D) Energy metabolism E) Choline esterase block
C) Microbial wall formation
A drug solution sterilized by means of boiling was tested for sterility. Inoculation on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed clostridia. Clostridia survived the boiling because they are: A) Spore-formers B) Thermophilic C) Anaerobic D) Prototrophic E) Acid-fast
A) Spore-formers
A factory producing typhoid fever vaccine cultivates bacteria of virulent strain in optimal nutrient medium. Then the cells are separated from culture fluid by means of centrifugation and processed with formalin. What type of vaccine is it? A) Autovaccine B) Attenuated C) Chemical D) Anatoxin E) Inactivated
E) Inactivated
A female patient bitten by a stray dog came to a surgery. Wide lacerated wounds were localized on the patient’s face. What treatment-and prevention aid should be rendered in order to prevent rabies?
A) Hospitalization, injection of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine
B) Combined antibiotic therapy
C) Immunization with the antirabic vaccine
D) Hospitalization, medical surveillance
E) Urgent injection of normal gamma-globulin
C) Immunization with the antirabic vaccine
A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse because of reacti-on of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in this reaction? A) B-lymphocytes B) Interleukin-1 C) Natural killers D) T-killers E) T-helpers
D) T-killers
A group of children in the kindergarten (6-year-olds) received Mantoux test; 15 children presented with negative results. What measures should be taken towards these children? A) BCG vaccination B) Tuberculosis antitoxin C) Isolation D) Repeat the test E) Referral for fluorography
A) BCG vaccination
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine must be given to prevent rabies? A) Td B) DTaP C) Anti-rabies vaccine D) BCG E) TABte
C) Anti-rabies vaccine
A local general practitioner recommends taking interferon for influenza prevention. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
A) Prevents adsorption of virus in cell receptors
B) Blocks virus stripping
C) Inhibits virion exit from cells
D) Blocks virus protein synthesis
E) Disrupts the process of virus assembly
D) Blocks virus protein synthesis
A male patient has been di-agnosed with gastric ulcer. Bacteriological examination of biopsy material from the affected part of stomach revealed small colonies of gram-negative, oxide reductase-positive flexibacteria that grew on the chocolate agar on the fifth day. Which of the following microorganisms is the most likely causative agent? A) Chlamydia trachomatis B) Campilobacter jejuni C) Campilobacter fetus D) Mycoplasma hominis E) Helicobacter pylori
E) Helicobacter pylori
A man died from an acute infectious disease accompanied by fever, jaundice, haemorrhagic rash on the skin and mucous membranes as well as by acute renal insufficiency. Histological examination of renal tissue (stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method) revealed some convoluted bacteria looking like C und S letters. What bacteria were revealed? A) Leptospira B) Treponema C) Spirilla D) Borrelia E) Campilobacteria
A) Leptospira
A man is suffering from diarrhea. In summer he spent his vacation in the south at the sea coast. Bacteria with the following properties were detected in his feces: gram-negative curved mobile monotrichous baci- lli that do not produce spores or capsules. They are undemanding to nutrient medium but require alkaline reaction (ðÍ 8,5-09,5). Described are the agents of the following enteric infection: A) Typhoid fever B) Shigellosis C) Cholera D) Colienteritis E) Pseudotuberculosis
C) Cholera
A patient consulted a dentist about limited mouth opening (trismus). He has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection may cause these symptoms? A) Brucellosis B) Tetanus C) Whooping cough D) Wound anaerobic infection E) Tularemia
B) Tetanus
A patient consulted a dentist about restricted mouth opening (trismus). Anamnesis states a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection may cause these symptoms? A) Whooping cough B) Brucellosis C) Tetanus D) Wound anaerobic infection E) Tularemia
C) Tetanus
A patient diagnosed with acute dysentery has been treated for 3 days in an infectious diseases hospital. On admission there were complaints of high temperature, stomachache and fluid excrements with mucus as often as 8-10 times a day. What sample should be taken for analysis? A) Blood B) Urine C) Bile D) Liquor E) Feces
E) Feces
A patient has been admitted to the infectious diseases department for malaise, fever up to 38oC, jaundice. A few months ago, the patient underwent blood transfusion. The doctor suspected viral hepatitis B. What are the principal methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?
A) Serological and gene diagnostics
B) Virus isolation in cell culture and its identification by the cytopathic effects
C) Detection of virions in blood by electron microscopy
D) Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization reaction)
E) Isolation of the virus in chicken embryos
A) Serological and gene diagnostics
A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis that developed after he had had streptococcal infection. It is most likely that the affection of basal glomerular membrane is caused by an allergic reaction of the following type: A) Delayed B) Anaphylactic C) Cytotoxic D) Immune complex E) Stimulating
D) Immune complex
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction should be used to reveal botulinum toxin? A) Immunofluorescence test B) Agglutination reaction C) Bordet-Gengou test D) Precipitation reaction E) Neutralization reaction
E) Neutralization reaction
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. Name this serological reaction: A) Immune-enzyme analysis B) Radioimmunoassay technique C) Immunofluorescence test D) Bordet-Gengou test E) Antigen-binding assay
A) Immune-enzyme analysis
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxi-dase or alkaline phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological reaction? A) Antigen-binding assay B) Radioimmunoassay technique C) Immunofluorescence test D) Bordet-Gengou test E) Immune-enzyme analysis
E) Immune-enzyme analysis
A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days. Doctor admini-stered inoculation of mucus from the patient’s nasopharynx on the agar. What microorganism is presumed? A) Klebsiella B) Pfeiffer’s bacillus C) Listeria D) Pertussis bacillus E) Staphylococcus
D) Pertussis bacillus
A patient has food poisoning. Laboratory analysis revealed a culture of anaerobic gram-positive spore- forming bacteria. What is the most likely kind of the isolated causative agent? A) C. perfringens B) Proteus vulgaris C) P. mirabilis D) Vibrio parahemolyticus E) Esherichia coli
A) C. perfringens
A patient has herpetic rash. What medication should be administered? A) Benzylpenicillin sodium salt B) Gentamycin C) Clotrimazole D) Acyclovir E) Biseptol
D) Acyclovir
A patient has severe catarrhal symptoms. Material growth on Bordet-Gengou agar showed mercury-drop- like colonies. Examination of the blood smears revealed some small ovoid gram-positive bacilli sized 1-3 microns. What microorganisms were isolated? A) Meningococcus B) Corynebacteria C) Mycobacteria D) Bordetella E) Brucella
D) Bordetella
A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken from a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of development of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of: A) Immunosuppressors B) Chemotherapy C) Ultrasound D) Enzymes E) X-ray therapy
A) Immunosuppressors
A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteri-ological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase- positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be? A) coli B) Proteus mirabilis C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa D) Str.pyogenes E) Mycoplasma pneumonie
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteri-ological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase- positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be? A) Str.pyogenes B) Proteus mirabilis C) coli D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa E) Mycoplasma pneumonie
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called? A) Superinfection B) Recidivation C) Reinfection D) Persisting infection E) Chronic infection
C) Reinfection
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following type of reactions: A) Anaphylactic reactions B) Cytotoxic reactions C) Immunocomplex reactions D) delayed-type hypersensitivity E) Autoimmune reactions
A) Anaphylactic reactions
A patient suffers from pulmonary tuberculosis. During treatment neuritis of visual nerve arose. What drug has caused this by-effect? A) Streptomycin B) Ethambutol C) Kanamycin D) Rifampicin E) Isoniazid
E) Isoniazid
A patient underwent appendectomy. In the postoperative period he has been taking an antibiotic. The patient complains about hearing impairment and vestibular disorders. What group of antibiotics has such by-effects? A) Tetracyclines B) Penicillins C) Aminoglycosides D) Macrolides E) Cephalosporins
C) Aminoglycosides
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease? A) Delayed type hypersensitivity B) Cytotoxic C) Immunocomplex D) Anaphylactic E) Stimulating
A) Delayed type hypersensitivity
A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions? A) Inflammation modulators B) Antibiotics C) Hormones D) Serum proteins E) Modified receptors of cell membranes
E) Modified receptors of cell membranes
A patient was prescribed with an antitumoral antibiotic that inhibits synthesis of nucleic acids in the cells. What of the following antibiotics has such a mechanism of action? A) Nystatin B) Tetracycline C) Actinomycin D) Lincomycin E) Erythromycin
C) Actinomycin
A patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency has unchanged number and functional activity of T and B lymphocytes. Dysfunction defect of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells was found duri-ng investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what cells is the most probable here?
A) NK-cells
B) Ò-lymphocytes, Â-lymphocytes
C) Macrophages, monocytes
D) Fibroblasts, Ò-lymphocytes, Â-lymphocytes
E) 0-lymphocytes
C) Macrophages, monocytes
A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to confirm the diagnosis? A) Detachment of myeloculture B) Detachment of blood culture C) Detachment of feces culture D) Detachment of urine culture E) Detachment of pure culture
B) Detachment of blood culture
A patient with provisional diagnosis "acute gastroenteritis"was admitted to infectious department. Inoculation of feces on bismuth-sulfite agar resulted in growth of black colonies with metallic lustre. What microorganisms might they be? A) Escherichia B) Shigella C) Salmonella D) Yersinia E) Brucella
C) Salmonella
A patient with skin mycosis has di-sorder of cellular immunity. The most typical characteristic of it is reduction of the following index: A) Plasmocytes B) Immunoglobulin G C) Immunoglobulin E D) B-lymphocytes E) T-lymphocytes
E) T-lymphocytes
A patient with suspected dysentery has been admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. Which basic method of laboratory diagnosis must be applied in the first place? A) Allergic B) Serological C) Bacteriological D) Biological E) Microscopic
C) Bacteriological
A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus? A) Lice B) Spiders C) Bed-bugs D) Cockroaches E) fly
A) Lice
A person was selling "homemade pork"sausages on the market. State sani-tary inspector suspected falcification of the sausages. What serological immune reaction can identifiy food substance? A) Precipitation test B) Indirect hemagglutination test C) Agglutination test D) Immunofluorescence test E) Complement- fixation test
A) Precipitation test
A pharmaceutical company received from a laboratory a delivery order of di-agnostic medications used for studying antigenic properties of causative agent. Name these preparations: A) Immunoglobulins B) Allergens C) Diagnosticums D) Diagnostic sera E) Bacteriophages
D) Diagnostic sera
A pharmaceutical enterprise produces a tetanus-specific preventive drug. Which drug of those listed below is it? A) Live vaccine B) Dead vaccine C) Anatoxin D) Immunoglobulin E) Recombinant vaccine
C) Anatoxin
A pharmacy produced a batch of vials with glucose diluent for injections. What is the best way for their sterilization?
A) Autoclave sterilization under 2 atmosphere pressure
B) Autoclave sterilization by flowing steam (fractional method)
C) Dry-heat sterilization
D) X-ray exposure
E) UV exposure
B) Autoclave sterilization by flowing steam (fractional method)
A plantation of medicinal plants was affected by a disease that caused yellow spots and necrosis areas on the leaves. Juice of affected plants remains infectious after passing through bacterial filter, but after its inoculation of nutrient media growth of causative agent is not regi-stered. What group of phytopathogenic microorganisms does the causative agent of this disease belong to? A) Actinomycetes B) Fungi C) Viruses D) Bacteria E) Mycoplasmas
C) Viruses
A pregnant woman was detected with IgM to rubella virus. An obstetrician-gynecologist recommended therapeutic abortion due to the high risk of teratogenic affection of the fetus. Detection of IgM was of great importance as it is these specific immunoglobulins that:
A) Indicate recent infection
B) Penetrate placental barrier
C) Have the largest molecular weight
D) Are associated with anaphylactic reacti-ons
E) Are the main factor of antiviral protection
A) Indicate recent infection
A pregnant woman was diagnosed with vaginal dysbacteriosis. What drug should be prescribed in this case? A) Interferon B) Antibiotic C) Bacteriophage D) Probiotic E) Polyvitamins
D) Probiotic
A sample of water used in drug production has been sent to a laboratory for sanitary and virological analysis. Presence of what virus group will be indicative of faecal contamination of water and, thus, the need for its additional purification? A) Orthomyxoviridae B) Herpesviridae C) Picornaviridae D) Retroviridae E) Flaviviridae
C) Picornaviridae
A sick man with high temperature and a lot of tiny wounds on the body has been admitted to the hospital. Lice have been found in the folds of his clothing. What disease can be suspected in the patient? A) Tularemia B) Epidemic typhus C) Scabies D) Malaria E) Plague
B) Epidemic typhus
A smear from the tonsillar coating of a patient with suspected diphtheria was found to contain blue bacilli with a thickening at the poles. What method of smear staining was used? A) Leffler B) Burri C) Hins D) Gram E) Neisser
A) Leffler
A smear of purulent excharge from urethra contains gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci with both extra- and intracellular positions. Make the provisi- onal microbiological diagnosis: A) Candidiasis B) Syphilis C) Chlamydiosis D) Trichomoniasis E) Gonorrhea
E) Gonorrhea
A smear of sputum from the patient with suspected lobar pneumonia was stained with the use of the following stains and reagents: solution of gentian violet, Lugol’s solution, 96o alcohol, water magenta. What staining method was applied in this case? A) Gram B) Ziehl-Nielsen C) Romanovsky D) Neisser E) Leffler
A) Gram
A smear of streptobacillus preparation stained by Ozheshko method has been studied microscopically with oil immersion. What structural feature of the bacteria has been studied? A) Structure of cell wall B) Capsule C) Flagella D) Inclusions E) Spores
E) Spores
A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorgani-sms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called? A) Spores B) Cilia C) Flagella D) Capsules E) Mesosomas
A) Spores
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses) taken from a pati-ent with provisional diagnosis “influenza”. What quick test will allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
A) Radioimmunoassay
B) Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
C) Hemagglutination inhibition assay
D) Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
E) ELISA
D) Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
A worker of a cattle farm fell acutely ill and then died from the progressing intoxication. Autopsy revealed enlarged, hyposthenic spleen of dark-cherry colour when dissected; excessive pulp scraping. At the base and fornix of brain pia maters are edematous, soaked with blood, dark-red ("scarlet hat"). Microscopic examination revealed serous haemorrhagic inflammation of brain tissues and tunics along with destruction of small vessel walls. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Brucellosis
B) Tularemia
C) Anthrax
D) Plaque
E) CholeraC) Anthrax
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39oC accompani-ed by a strong headache. Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained smear of cerebrospinal fluid contained many neutrophils and Gram-positive diplococci. What bacteria could be the cause of this disease? A) Neisseria meningitidis B) Streptococcus pneumonia C) Haemophilus influenzae D) Staphylococcus aureus E) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A) Neisseria meningitidis
According to Pharmacopoeia requirements all drugs for topical administration should be monitored for "microbiological purity". Detection of the following microorganisms is the evidence of uselessness of this drug group in medical practice: A) Yeast fungi B) Aurococci C) Humicular staphylococci D) Mold fungi E) Sarcina
B) Aurococci
According to the Pharmacopoeia requirements, all drugs for topical administration should be tested for “microbiological purity”. Inapplicability of this drug group in the medical practice is indicated by presence of the following mi-croorganisms: A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Yeast fungi C) Saprophytic staphylococci D) Mold fungi E) Sarcinae
A) Staphylococcus aureus
According to the requirements of WHO and Pharmacopoeia different drug dosage forms of unsterile preparations are allowed to have a certain quantity of bacteria and fungi. What quantity of saprophytic bacteria and fungi in 1 g (ml) of a peroral preparation will ensure its safety? A) 500 bacteria and 200 mold fungi B) 500 bacteria and 50 mold fungi C) 250 bacteria and 25 mold fungi D) 1000 bacteria and 100 mold fungi E) 1500 bacteria and 150 mold fungi
D) 1000 bacteria and 100 mold fungi
Administration of doxycycline hydrochloride caused an imbalance of the symbiotic intestinal microflora. Specify the kind of imbalance caused by the anti-biotic therapy: A) Idiosyncrasy B) Sensibilization C) Dysbacteriosis D) Superimposed infection E) Bacteriosis
C) Dysbacteriosis
Aetiological factors for the infectious diseases are often microorganisms with various ultrastructure. Which of the following microorganism groups relates to the eucariots? A) Scotobacteria B) Viruses C) Viroids D) Prions E) Protozoa
E) Protozoa
After a bacteriological analysis a tableted medication was considered to be inapplicable, though its general microbial contamination was within the norm. The reason for such a conclusion was the presence of the following microorganisms: A) Sarcinae B) Mold fungi C) Actinomycetes D) Micrococci E) Enterobacteria
E) Enterobacteria
After inoculation of the material obtained from the pharynx of an angina patient onto the blood-tellurite agar, grey colonies could be observed. They were 4-5 mm in diameter, radially striated (in form of rosettes). Microscopical exami-nation revealed gram-positive bacilli with clavate swollen ends arranged in form of wide-spread fingers. Identify these microorganisms: A) Diphtheria corynebacteria B) Clostridium botulinum C) Diphtheroids D) Streptococci E) Streptobacilli
A) Diphtheria corynebacteria
After transfusion of 200 ml of blood a patient presented with body temperature rise up to 37, 9oC. Which of the following substances is the most likely cause of temperature rise? A) Interleukin-1 B) Interleukin-2 C) Tumour necrosis factor D) Interleukin-3 E) Interleukin-4
A) Interleukin-1
Air contamination with pathological microorganisms can be anticipated by the presence of indicator bacteria. Specify the bacteria that indicate immediate epidemi- ologic danger: A) Yeast fungi B) Sarcinae C) Mold fungi D) Hemolytic streptococci E) Micrococci
D) Hemolytic streptococci
Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
A) To study virulence of the causative agent
B) To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
C) To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
D) To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
E) Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
E) Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
An HIV-positive patient’s cause of death is acute pulmonary insuffi-ciency resulting from pneumonia. Pathohistological investigation of lungs has revealed interstitial pneumonia, alveolocyte desquamation and their methamorphoses: alveolocyte enlargement, large intranuclear inclusions surrounded by lightly- colored areas. Transformed cells resemble owl’s eye. Name the pneumonia causative agent: A) Candida fungi B) Pneumococcus C) Influenza virus D) Cytomegalovirus E) Toxoplasma
D) Cytomegalovirus
An outbreak of an intestinal infection occurred in a kindergarten on the eve of New Year holidays. Bacteriological examination of patients’ faeces didn’t reveal any pathogenic bacteria. Electron microscopy revealed roundish structures with clear outer edges and a thick core resembling a wheel. Specify the most likely causative agent of this infection: A) Rotavirus B) Adenovirus C) Coxsacki-virus D) coli E) P.vulgaris
A) Rotavirus
Analysis of sputum obtained from patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum? A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Streptococcus pneumoniae C) Klebsiella pneumoniae D) Neisseria meningitidis E) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Analysis of sputum taken from a pati-ent with suspected pneumonia revealed rather elongated gram- positive diplococci with somewhat pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum? A) Streptococcus pneumoniae B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Klebsiella pneumoniae D) Neisseria meningitidis E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Analysis of sputum taken from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram- positive diplococci with pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum? A) Neisseria meningitidis B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Klebsiella pneumoniae D) Streptococcus pneumoniae E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed gram- negative bean-shaped diplococci. What provisional diagnosis can be made based on the analysis results? A) Plague B) Gonorrhea C) Cholera D) Meningitis E) Anthrax
D) Meningitis
As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37 year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis. What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora? A) Eubiotics B) Sulfanilamides C) Bacteriophages D) Autovaccines E) Vitamins
A) Eubiotics
At a bacteriological laboratory animal skins are analyzed by means of Ascoli precipitaion test. What is detected if the reaction is positive? A) Yersinia surface antigen B) Anaerobic infection toxin C) Brucellosis agent D) Anthrax agent antigens E) Plague agent
D) Anthrax agent antigens
At the aboratory experiment the eukocyte culture was mixed with staphylococci. Neutrophile leukocytes engulfed and digested bacterial cells. This processes are termed A) Facilitated diffusion B) Pinocytosis C) Diffusion D) Phagocytosis E) Osmosis
D) Phagocytosis
Bacterial culture obtained from patient DOES NOT grow when exposed to oxygen. Conditions suitable for bacterial culture growth can be created in: A) Anaerobic culture jar B) Serum-supplemented medium C) Pasteur oven D) Krotov apparatus E) Oxidative medium
A) Anaerobic culture jar
Bacterial culture obtained from patient DOES NOT grow when exposed to oxygen. Conditions suitable for bacterial culture growth can be created in: A) Oxidative medium B) Serum-supplemented medium C) Pasteur oven D) Krotov apparatus E) Anaerobic culture jar
E) Anaerobic culture jar
Bacteriological control of unsterile drugs assumes the possibility of presence of some microorganism groups. What groups are these? A) Blue pus bacillus B) Colon bacillus C) Sarcina D) Aurococcus E) Hemolytic streptococcus
C) Sarcina
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed some gram-negative bean- shaped bacteria located in the leukocytes. They can be identified as the causative agent of the following disease: A) Chancroid B) Syphilis C) Venereal lymphogranulomatosis D) Gonorrhea E) Trichomoniasis
D) Gonorrhea
Bacteriological examination of the urine of the patient with pyelonephritis revealed microorganisms that produced yellow-green pigment and characteristic odor in meat-peptone agar. What are they called? A) Azotobacter B) Escherichia C) Proteas D) Klebsiella E) Pseudomonas
E) Pseudomonas
Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case? A) Diphtheritic anatoxin B) Bacteriophage C) Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum D) Eubiotic E) Interferon
C) Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case? A) Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum B) Bacteriophage C) Diphtheritic anatoxin D) Eubiotic E) Interferon
A) Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5 year old child with nasopharyngitis revealed gram-positive diplococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most likely to be affected if these microorgani-sms penetrate the blood? A) Urogenital tracts B) Cardiac valves C) Renal glomeruli D) Brain tunics E) Lymph nodes
D) Brain tunics
Bacteritic preparations are subdivided into groups according to their purpose and production principles. What group do the preparations for initiation of active immunity relate to? A) Bacteriophages B) Immune sera C) Immunoglobulins D) Monoclonal antibodies E) Vaccines
E) Vaccines
Blood analysis of a patient showed si-gns of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). Which cells does HIV-virus primarily affect?
A) Mast cells
B) Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes)
C) Specialized nervous cells (neurons)
D) Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)
E) Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells)
D) Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)
Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient? A) Tetracocci B) Micrococci C) Staphylococci D) Streptococci E) Sarcina
D) Streptococci
Choosing optimal conditions for cultivation Inoculation of hen’s embryos is the main method of detection of influenza virus. In order to neutralize associated bacterial flora in the material under examination (nasopharyngeal lavage) it is necessary to add beforehand: A) Fluorescent serum B) Eubiotics C) Antibiotics D) Leukocytic interferon E) Anti-influenza gamma globulin
C) Antibiotics
Clinical diagnosis of a female pati-ent was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for confirmation of this diagnosis? A) Microscopy of pathological material B) Infection of laboratory animals C) Test with bacteriophage D) Hemagglutination reaction E) Immobilization reaction
A) Microscopy of pathological material
Different structures of a bacteri- al cell perform different functions. What dispensable component of a cell ensures its survival within hostile environment? A) Spores B) Flagella C) Capsule D) Cilia E) Inclusions
A) Spores
Different structures of a bacterial cell perform different functions. What dispensable component of a cell ensures its survival within hostile environment? A) Inclusions B) Flagella C) Capsule D) Cilia E) Spores
E) Spores
During bacteriological examination of solutions prepared in a drug-store there appeared red colonies with metallic lustre that grew on Endo agar. What bacteria can they be? A) Streptococci B) Shigellae C) Staphilococci D) Escherichiae E) Salmonellae
D) Escherichiae
During bacteriological examination of sputum of a child with choking cough and fever there were revealed glossy smooth colonies growing on casein-charcoal agar and reminding of mercury drops. Microscopic examination revealed short Gram-negative bacteria. What microorganism was secured from the sputum? A) Bordetella pertussis B) Haemophylus inf luenzae C) Corynebacterium dyphtheriae D) Klebsiella pneumoniae E) Streptococcus pyogenes
A) Bordetella pertussis
During blood transfusion a patient has developed intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis. What kind of hypersensitivity does the patient have?
A) I type (anaphylactic)
B) II type (antibody-dependent)
C) III type (immune complex)
D) IV type (cellular cytotoxicity) E) IV type (granulomatosis)
B) II type (antibody-dependent)
During blood transfusion a patient has developed intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis. What kind of hypersensitivity does the patient have? A) IV type (cellular cytotoxicity) B) I type (anaphylactic) C) III type (immune complex) D) II type (antibody-dependent) E) IV type (granulomatosis)
D) II type (antibody-dependent)
During examination of a pati-ent a dentist revealed a lot of "white spots zones of enamel demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process? A) Staphylococcus epidermidis B) Streptococcus salivarius C) Streptococcus pyogenes D) Veilonella parvula E) Streptococcus mutans
E) Streptococcus mutans
During examination of a patient with intestinal infection, inoculation in Endo medium resulted in multi- colored colonies: red and colorless. According to its purpose this medium can be determined as: A) Selective B) Universal C) Special D) Differential diagnostic E) ordinary
D) Differential diagnostic
During feces analysis of a 3-month- old child with signs of enteric infection, numerous dark-red colonies has grown on Endo agar. What microorganisms can be the cause of such enteric infection? A) Salmonellae B) Streptococci C) Gonococci D) Escherichia E) Shigella
D) Escherichia
During influenza epidemic a patient with severe case of disease developed hacking cough and chest pain; signs of focal pneumonia were visible on X-ray. Microscopy of sputum detected large number of pneumococci. What type of infection is it? A) Reinfection B) Superinfection C) Abortive D) Relapse E) Secondary
E) Secondary
During investigation of bacterial contamination of air it is necessary to take into account both total amount of microorganisms in a certain volume and qualitative content of microflora. What microorganisms are the sanitary indicators of air contamination within enclosed spaces? A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Colibacillus C) Hay bacillus D) Yeast fungi E) Mold fungi
A) Staphylococcus aureus
During studying a medicinal herbal mixture a culture in form of black fluffy film grew on the nutrient medium. Examination of specimen smears revealed non-septate mycelium threads with globular thickenings at the tips. Name these microorganisms: A) Aspergill B) Black molds fungus C) Candida D) Mucor E) Ray fungi
D) Mucor
During surgical manipulations a patient has been given novocaine injection for anesthesia. 10 minutes later the patient developed paleness, dyspnea, hypotension. What type of allergic reaction is it? A) Anaphylactic immune reaction B) Cellulotoxic immune reaction C) Aggregate immune reaction D) Stimulating immune reaction E) Cell-mediated immune reaction
A) Anaphylactic immune reaction
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens of some disease. What disease is expected to be found? A) Enterovirus B) Virus of hepatitis A C) Adenovirus D) Virus of hepatitis B E) Virus of hepatitis E
D) Virus of hepatitis B
During the breakout of acute respi-ratory infection in order to diagnose influenza the express-diagnosis, based on revealing of specific viral antigen in the examined material (nasopharyngial lavage), is carried out. Which reaction is used for this? A) Complement binding B) Immunofluorescence C) Agglutination D) Precipitation E) Opsonization
B) Immunofluorescence
During the repeated Widal’s aggluti-nation test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and O- antigens S.typhi in the patient’s serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would you interpret these results?
A) The patient previously had typhoid fever
B) The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes
C) The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs
D) The patient has typhoid fever
E) The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
D) The patient has typhoid fever
Employees of an enterprise were vaccinated with ”Influvac” for specific prevention of influenza. What type of immunity will develop in those vaccinated? A) Natural passive B) Innate congenital C) Artificial passive D) Natural active E) Artificial active
E) Artificial active
Examination of a child who frequently suffers from infectious diseases revealed that IgG concentration in blood serum was 10 times less than normal, IgA and IgM concentration was also signifi-cantly reduced. Analysis showed also lack of B-lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What disease are these symptoms typical for? A) Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia B) Bruton’s disease C) Dysimmunoglobulinemia D) Louis-Bar syndrome E) Di George syndrome
B) Bruton’s disease
Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causati-ve agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregular-shaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalase- positive, ferments mannitol and synthesi-zes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated? A) Staphylococcus epidermidis B) Streptococcus agalactiae C) Streptococcus pyogenes D) Staphylococcus aureus E) Staphylococcus saprophyticus
D) Staphylococcus aureus
Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregular-shaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalase- positive, ferments mannitol and synthesi-zes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated? A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Streptococcus agalactiae C) Streptococcus pyogenes D) Staphylococcus epidermidis E) Staphylococcus saprophyticus
A) Staphylococcus aureus
Examination of air state in drugstore premises for preparation of injection drugs was done by method of sedimentation. It revealed 5 small roundish colonies with zone of hemolysis around them. Inoculations were made on the following cultural medium: A) Egg yolk and salt agar B) Endo agar C) Meat infusion agar D) Blood agar E) Lewin’s agar
D) Blood agar
Examination of patients with periodontitis revealed the interdependence between the rate of affection of periodontal tissues and the amount of lysozymes in saliva and gingival liquid. These results can be obtained during studying the following protection system of an organism: A) Non-specific resistance B) Humoral immunity C) Cellular immunity D) Autoresponsiveness E) Tolerance
A) Non-specific resistance
From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child a microorganism was excreted which is identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs. Microorganism does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism become toxigenic?
A) Cultivation in the telluric environment
B) Phage conversion
C) Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
D) Growing with antitoxic serum
E) Chromosome mutation
B) Phage conversion
Granulomas containing lymphocytes and macrophages were detected during analysis of skin biopsy material. Among macrophages there are large cells with fat inclusions, which contain microorganisms in spheric packages (Virchow’s cells). The following disease is based on the described type of hypersensitivity: A) Epidemic typhus B) Syphilis C) Tuberculosis D) Rhinoscleroma E) Leprosy
E) Leprosy
Hepatitis B is diagnosed through laboratory tests that determine the presence of HBA-DNA in blood serum of the patient. What reference method is applied for this purpose?
A) Polymerase chain reaction
B) Hybridization method
C) Hybridization signal amplification method
D) Ligase chain reaction method
E) ELISA diagnostic method
A) Polymerase chain reaction
HIV has gp41 and gp120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the following human lymphocyte antigens is gp120 complementary bound with? A) CD 28 B) CD 3 C) CD 8 D) CD 19 E) CD 4
E) CD 4
In 9 days after administration of a therapeutic serum the patient developed urticaria, itching, edemas, and lymph nodes enlargement. What type of allergic reaction has occurred in the patient? A) Immune complex B) Cytotoxic C) Anaphylactic D) Stimulating E) Cellular
A) Immune complex
In a child-rearing facility there was an outbreak of measles. What specific urgent prophylaxis should be administered to contact UNVACCINATED children?
A) Medical screening of the children
B) Measles virus vaccine live
C) DPT vaccine
D) Gamma globulin against measles
E) Isolation and treatment of infected children
D) Gamma globulin against measles
In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease? A) Viruses B) Fungi C) Ray fungi D) Bacteria E) Mycoplasma
A) Viruses
In a research center there is a live vaccine against dysentery being created. What property of attenuated vaccine strain should coincide with the properties of original virulent strain of dysentery bacillus? A) Biochemical activity B) Morphology C) Antigenic structure D) Antibiotic susceptibility E) Toxin production
C) Antigenic structure
In a village a case of anthrax has been registered. Medical services began epidemi-ologically indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this purpose? A) Genetically engineered vaccine B) Inactivated vaccine C) Chemical vaccine D) Live vaccine E) Anatoxin
D) Live vaccine
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this purpose? A) Live vaccine B) Inactivated vaccine C) Chemical vaccine D) Genetically engineered vaccine E) Anatoxin
A) Live vaccine
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medi-um. There were also inoculated a mi-crobal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examinati-on produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of: A) Zones of diffuse opacification B) Haemolysis zones C) Precipitin lines D) Zones of lecithovitellinous activity E) Precipitin ring
C) Precipitin lines
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medim. There were also inoculated a microbal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of: A) Precipitin lines B) Haemolysis zones C) Zones of diffuse opacification D) Zones of lecithovitellinous activity E) Precipitin ring
A) Precipitin lines
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a microbal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of: A) Zones of lecithovitellinous activity B) Haemolysis zones C) Zones of diffuse opacification D) Precipitin lines E) Precipitin ring
D) Precipitin lines
In order to estimate toxigenity of di-phtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the centre and moistened with antidiphtheric anti-toxic serum. After incubation of inoculati-ons in agar the strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper. What immunological reaction was conducted? A) Opsonization reaction B) Coomb’s test C) Agglutination reaction D) Rings precipitation reaction E) Precipitation gel reaction
E) Precipitation gel reaction
In order to keep eubiotics viable and stable, frozen microorganisms are dried out under the conditions of high vacuum. This method is called: A) Lyophilization B) Pasteurization C) Tyndallization D) Inactivation E) Hybridization
A) Lyophilization
In order to keep vitality and stability of eubiotics microorganisms in frozen state are dried under conditions of high vacuum. What method is it? A) Inactivation B) Pasteurization C) Tyndallization D) Lyophilization E) Hybridization
D) Lyophilization
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother’s milk as well as in a new-laid hen’s egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called? A) Imanine B) Complement C) Interferon D) Interleukin E) Lysozyme
E) Lysozyme
In the course of long-term treatment of an infectious patient with penicillin, the pathogen transformed into the L-form. What changes occur in the pathogen cell in case of L-transformation? A) Absence of a capsule B) Absence of flagella C) Absence of a cell wall D) Absence of a spore E) Absence of inclusions
C) Absence of a cell wall
In the surgical ward, the dressi-ng material was undergoing sterilization in an autoclave. Through an oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave reached only 100oC instead of the due 120OC. What microorganisms can stay viable under these conditions? A) Salmonella and klebsiella B) Staphylococci and streptococci C) Mold and yeast fungi D) Bacilli and clostridia E) Corynebacteria and mycobacteria
D) Bacilli and clostridia
In winter a 3-year-old child has sharp rise of body temperature up to 40oC . Hemorrhagic rash is observed on the skin and mucosa. Bean-shaped gram-negative microorganisms situated in pairs are detected in the blood. What provisional diagnosis can be made? A) Scarlet fever B) Gonorrhea C) Meningococcosis D) Influenza E) Diphtheria
C) Meningococcosis
Infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics (streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol). They inhibit the following stage of protein synthesis: A) Splicing B) Transcription C) Replication D) Processing E) Translation
E) Translation
Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an organism. What substances stumulate their synthesis? A) Biogenic amins B) Immunoglobulins C) Interferons D) Interleukin-1 E) Angiotensin
D) Interleukin-1
Inoculation in a nutrient medium was performed to determine probable contamination of a drug with fungi. The colonies are large, resembling sour cream. What nutrient medium had been used in this case? A) Sabouraud B) Loewenstein-Jensen medium C) Roux D) Loeffler E) FINN-II
A) Sabouraud
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Gram-positive bacilli
with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
A) Diphtheria corynebacteria
B) Botulism clostridia
C) Diphtheroids
D) Streptococci
E) Streptobacilli
A) Diphtheria corynebacteria
In order to estimate antibiotic susceptbility of a patient doctors introduced him intracutaneously 0,2 ml of penicilline solution. Ten minutes after introducti-on there appeared hyperemy and edema. What type does this reaction relate to (according to Coomb’s and Gell’s classi?cation)? A) Cytotoxic reaction B) Anaphylactic reaction C) Reaction of Arthus phenomenon type D) Delayed-type hypersensitivity E) Tuberculine reaction
B) Anaphylactic reaction
It is known that infectious type B hepatitis is a systemic disease caused by the type B hepatitis virus and characterized by a predominant liver affection. Choose from the below given list the drugs for the etiotropic therapy of this infection: A) Sulfanilamides B) Penicillin C) Tetracycline D) Acyclovir E) Fluoroquinolones
D) Acyclovir
It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of RNA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme? A) Transcription B) Processing C) Replication D) Translation E) Reparation
A) Transcription
It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme - reverse transcriptase (RN A- dependent DN A polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of:
A) DN A on the matrix of virus mRN A B) Virus informational RN A on the matrix of DN A C) DN A on virus ribosomal RN A D. D) Viral DN A on DN A matrix E) mRN A on the matrix of virus protein
A) DN A on the matrix of virus mRN A
It was suspected that among workers of serum medications factory of regional hemotransfusion station there are carriers of pathogenic aurococcus. What medium should the material from nasopharynx of workers be inoculated of in order to reveal aurococcous carriage? A) Ressler’s medium B) Endo agar C) Beef-extract broth D) Yolk-salt medium E) Blood agar
D) Yolk-salt medium
Live vaccine is injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what cells of connective tissue can be expected? A) Fibroblasts and labrocytes B) Macrophages and fibroblasts C) Pigmentocytes and pericytes D) Adipocytes and adventitious cells E) Plasmocytes and lymphocytes
E) Plasmocytes and lymphocytes
Lymphocytes and other cells of our body synthesize universal antiviral agents as a response to viral invasion. Name these protein factors: A) Interferon B) Interleukin - 2 C) Cytokines D) Interleukin - 4 E) Tumor necrosis factor
A) Interferon
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza"was referred to a laboratory. For virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for detection of the following viruses: A) DNA-genomic viruses B) All the simple viruses C) All the complex viruses D) Viruses containing hemagglutinins E) Any viruses
D) Viruses containing hemagglutinins
Microbe survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers: A) Peptococci B) Bacteroides C) Staphylococci D) Clostridia E) Peptostreptococci
D) Clostridia
Microbiological assay of a peppermint tincture established its discrepancy with the Pharmacopoeia requirements. It was found to contain pathogenic microflora. The reason for such a conclusion was the presence of the following microflora: A) Mold fungi B) Yeast fungi C) Epidermal staphylococcus D) Blue pus bacillus E) Micrococci
D) Blue pus bacillus
Microbiological investigation of vaginal suppositories determined them to be CONTRARY to the Pharmacopoeia demands. What microflora was detected in the suppositories, resulting in such a conclusion? A) Blue pus bacillus B) Sarcina C) Micrococcus D) Tetracoccus E) Citrobacter
A) Blue pus bacillus
Microscopic examination of a gram-stained scrape from a patient’s tongue revealed oval, round, elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent? A) Diphtheria B) Actinomycosis C) Streptococcic infection D) Staphylococcic infection E) Candidiasis
E) Candidiasis
Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient’s tongue revealed oval, round, elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent? A) Candidosis B) Actinomycosis C) Streptococcic infection D) Staphylococcic infection E) Diphtheria
A) Candidosis
Microscopical examination of a mi-crobal culture revealed fusiform spore-forming microorganisms that get violet-blue Gram’s stain. What microorganisms were revealed? A) Actinomycete B) Streptococci C) Spirochaete D) Clostridia E) Diplococci
D) Clostridia
Microscopy of a female patient’s swabs made from vaginal secretion revealed gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What provisional diagnosis can be made? A) Clamidiosis B) Syphilis C) Gonorrhoea D) Mycoplasmosis E) Toxoplasmosis
C) Gonorrhoea
Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with chronic pulmonary di-sease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up? A) Acid resistance B) Alkali resistance C) Alcohol resistance D) Capsule formation E) Sporification
A) Acid resistance
Mosaic discoloration of leaves has been detected at medicinal plantati- ons. What microorganisms are the cause of such damage? A) Protozoa B) Plant-pathogenic bacteria C) Plant-pathogenic fungi D) Plant-pathogenic viruses E) Rickettsia
D) Plant-pathogenic viruses
Nutrients are transported to a bacterial cell by different mechanisms. One of them is facilitated diffusion that is realized by special membrane carrier proteins. What are they called? A) Lyases B) Permeases C) Oxidoreductases D) Isomerases E) Ligases
B) Permeases
On allergological examination a patient has been diagnosed with pollinosis. Specific desensitization can be performed by:
A) Intermittent administration of allergen
B) Antihistamines
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Administration of saline
E) Administration of antibodies
A) Intermittent administration of allergen
Pharmacy has received viricides. Choose the viricide for influenza treatment from the list given below: A) Rimantadine B) Metisazone C) Levamisole D) Azidothimidine E) Acyclovir
A) Rimantadine
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
A) Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
B) Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
C) BCG
D) Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
E) ST
C) BCG
Plant pathogenic microorganisms relate to various groups. Which of them causes diseases of medicinal plants most often? A) Micoplasma B) Viruses C) Bacteria D) Actinomycetes E) Fungi
E) Fungi
Presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the air can be detected by presence of sanitary representative bacteria. Choose bacteria that are indicators of direct epidemiological danger: A) Hemolytic streptococci B) Sarcina C) Molds D) Yeast fungi E) Micrococci
A) Hemolytic streptococci
Presence of the pathogenic microorganisms in the air can be prognosticated according to the content of sanitary-indicative bacteria. Which bacteria indicate immediate epidemiologic danger? A) Mold fungi B) Sarcinae C) Haemolytic streptococci D) Yeast fungi E) Micrococci
C) Haemolytic streptococci
Pure culture of microorganisms was obtained from pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria. Morphologic, tinctori-al, cultural, and biochemical properties of the microorganisms were studied and revealed to be characteristic of diphtheria agents. What investigation should be additionally performed to make a conclusion, that these microorganisms are pathogenic diphtheria bacilli? A) Determine toxigenic properties B) Determine proteolytic properties C) Determine urease activity D) Determine cystinase activity E) Determine amylolytic activity
A) Determine toxigenic properties
Purulent endometritis developed in a woman after delivery. Treating with antibiotics inhibitors of murein synthesis was ineffective. Wide spectrum bactericidal antibiotic was administered to her. In 6 hours temperature rapidly increased up to 400C with shiver. Muscle pains have appeared. BP dropped down to 70/40 mmHg. Oligura has developed. What is the main reason for the development of this condition? A) Internal bleeding B) Toxic effect of preparation C) Endotoxic shock D) Anaphylactic shock E) Bacteremia
C) Endotoxic shock
Quite often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infection involvement, when the causative agents propagate directly in the cells of immune system and destroy it. The following diseases are characterized by: A) Q-febris, epidemic typhus B) Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis C) Poliomyelitis, type A hepatitis D) Dysentery, cholera E) Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
E) Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Red colonies spread in the large quantity in the Endo culture medium were revealed on bacteriological stool examination of a 4-month-old baby with the symptoms of acute bowel infection. What microorganism can it be? A) Escherichia B) Salmonella C) Staphylococcus D) Streptococcus E) Shigella
A) Escherichia
regulations non-sterile drugs can contain certain microorganisms. Name the microorganisms that CANNOT be present: A) Mold fungi B) Yeast fungi C) Micrococci D) Enterobacteriaceae E) Sarcinae
D) Enterobacteriaceae
Researchers of a bacteriological laboratory examine tinned meat for botulinic toxin. For this purpose a group of mice was injected with an extract of the material under examination and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types. A control group of mice was injected with the same extract but without antibotulinic serum. What serological reaction was applied? A) Double immune diffusion B) Precipitation C) Complement binding D) Opsonocytophagic E) Neutralization
E) Neutralization
Sanitary and bacteriological examination of air in drug-store premises revealed increased content of sanitary representative microorganisms. What mi-croorganisms are these?
A) Epidermal stafilococcus and sarcina
B) Diphtheria and tuberculosis bacilli
C) Colon and blue pus bacilli
D) Golden staphylococcus and hemolytic streptococcus
E) Enterococci and cytrobacter
D) Golden staphylococcus and hemolytic streptococcus
Sanitary bacteriological research on water by the membrane filter method revealed two red colonies on a membrane filter (Endo agar) through which 500 ml of analyzed water were passed. Calculate the coli index and coli titer of the analyzed water: A) 500 and 2 B) 2 and 500 C) 250 and 4 D) 4 and 250 E) 250 and 2
D) 4 and 250
Scraps of the mycelium of a fungus, spores, air bubbles and fat drops were di-scovered on microscopy of the patient’s hair excluded from the infected areas. What fungus disease is characterised by this microscopic picture? A) Epidermophytosis B) Microspory C) Trichophytosis D) Favus E) Sporotrichosis
D) Favus
Sedimentation analysis has been applied for assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy. The test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?
A) Blood agar
B) Levine’s agar (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)
C) Endo agar
D) Ploskirev’s agar
E) Egg-yolk salt agar
A) Blood agar
Sedimentation analysis has been applied for assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy. The test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?
A) Ploskirev’s agar
B) Levine’s agar (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)
C) Endo agar
D) Blood agar
E) Egg-yolk salt agar
D) Blood agar
Selective medium can be used to separate various species of bacteria in a bacteriological laboratory. What medium of those listed below can be determined as selective? A) Meat infusion agar B) Meat infusion broth C) Alkaline peptone water D) Hiss’ serum water medium E) Endo agar
C) Alkaline peptone water
Serological diagnostics of infectious diseases is based upon specific interaction with antigenes. Specify the serological reaction that underlies adhesion of microorganisms when they are affected by specific antibodies in presence of an electrolyte: A) Hemadsorption reaction B) Precipitation reaction C) Complement-binding reaction D) Agglutination reaction E) Neutralization reaction
D) Agglutination reaction
Serological diagnostics of infectious diseases is based upon specific interaction with antigenes. Specify the serologi-cal reaction that underlies adhesion of microorganisms when they are affected by specific antibodies in presence of an electrolyte: A) Agglutination reaction B) Precipitation reaction C) Complement-binding reaction D) Hemadsorption reaction E) Neutralization reaction
A) Agglutination reaction
Since 2005 in Asian and European countries there was recorded unusually high avian flu morbidity. Such spread of epidemic process can be determined as: A) Sporadic B) Epidemic C) Endemia D) Pandemia E) Epizooty
D) Pandemia
Smears from tonsillar coating of a patient were stained by Neisser’s method. Microscopy revealed thin yellow V-shaped bacilli with dark- blue grains at their ends. Make the preliminary diagnosis:
A) Diphtheria B) Measles C) Tuberculosis D) Whooping cough E) Influenza
A) Diphtheria
Smears from tonsillar coating of a patient were stained by Neisser’s method. Microscopy revealed thin yellow V-shaped bacilli with dark- blue grains at their ends. Make the preliminary diagnosis: A) Whooping cough B) Measles C) Tuberculosis D) Diphtheria E) Influenza
D) Diphtheria
Soil microflora often includes representatives of pathogenic microorganisms. Specify the diseases with causative agents that remain viable in the soil for a long time: A) Tetanus and gas anaerobic infection B) Tuberculosis and mycobacterioses C) Colibacillosis and cholera D) Leptospirosis and plague E) Typhoid fever and dysentery
A) Tetanus and gas anaerobic infection
Staphylococci were isolated in pure culture from a patient with sepsis. These were staphylococci producing beta-lactamase. Such property should be taken into account when:
A) Differentiating specific types of staphylococci
B) Determining biochemical properties
C) Determining the strain pathogenicity
D) Choosing an antibiotic for treatment
E) Determining hemolysins
D) Choosing an antibiotic for treatment
Stool culture test revealed in a 6-month-old bottle-fed baby the strain of intestinal rod-shaped bacteria of anti-gen structure 0-111. What diagnosis can be made? A) Colienteritis B) Gastroenteritis C) Choleriform disease D) Food poisoning E) Dysentery-like disease
A) Colienteritis
The contents of vesicles that appeared on the mucous membrane of a patient with variola was sent to a virological laboratory. Which of the listed changes were revealed during the smear microscopy? A) Babes-Ernst bodies B) Babes-Negri bodies C) Guarnieri bodies D) Paschen bodies E) Syncytium
D) Paschen bodies
The development of both immune and allergic reactions is based upon the same mechanisms of the immune system response to an antigen. What is the main difference between the immune and allergic reactions?
A) Routes by which antigens are delivered into the body
B) Amount of released antigen
C) Antigen structure
D) Development of tissue lesion
E) Hereditary predisposition
D) Development of tissue lesion
The donor who had not donated the blood for a long time was examined with IFA method. Anti-HBs antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean? A) Chronic hepatitis  B) Acute hepatitis B C) Acute hepatitis C D) Previous hepatitis B E) Chronic hepatitis Ñ
D) Previous hepatitis B
The following should be used for sterilization of laboratory glassware in a microbiological laboratory: A) Hot-air sterilizer B) Bacteria-excluding filters C) Koch’s steam sterilizer D) Disinfectant E) Bactericidal lamps
A) Hot-air sterilizer
The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following disease: A) Syphilis B) Virus B hepatitis C) Tuberculosis D) HIV-infection E) Poliomyelitis
D) HIV-infection
The infectious diseases department of a hospital admitted a patient with nausea, liquid stool with mucus and blood streaks, fever, weakness. Dysentery was suspected. What method of laboratory diagnostics should be applied to confirm the diagnosis? A) Microscopic B) Serological C) Mycological D) Bacteriological E) Protozoological
D) Bacteriological
The organisms to be identified have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Genetic material is concentrated predomi-nantly in the chromosomes that consist of DNA strands and protein molecules. These cells divide mitotically. Identify these organisms: A) Eukaryotes B) Bacteriophages C) Prokaryotes D) Viruses E) Bacteria
A) Eukaryotes
The patient with pneumonia was treated with antibiotics for a long period. After treatment patient complains of frequent and watery stool, abdomenal pain. What is the reason of intestine function disorder?
A) Bacteria toxins influence
B) Antibiotics toxic influence on the GIT
C) Autoimmune reaction development
D) Intestinal disbacteriosis development
E) Hereditary enzyme defect
D) Intestinal disbacteriosis development
The sterile Petri dishes and pipettes are necessary to prepare for microbiological tests in bacteriological laboratory. What way of sterilization should be applied in this case?
A) Tyndallization B) Dry-heat sterilization C) Pasteurization D) Steam sterilization in autoclave E) Boiling
B) Dry-heat sterilization
The territory of an old burial ground for animal refuse that hasn’t been used for over 50 years is meant for house building. But soil investigation showed the presense of viable spores of a causative agent causing a very dangerous disease. What microorganism might have been preserved in soil for such a long period of time? A) Bacillus anthracis B) Francisella tularensis C) Brucella abortus D) Yersinia pestis E) Mycobacterium bovis
A) Bacillus anthracis
There was a record of some anthrax cases among animals in a countryside. The spread of disease can be prevented by means of immunization. What kind of vaccine should be used?
A) Sabin’s vaccine
B) BCG vaccine
C) Salk vaccine
D) STI live vaccine
E) Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
D) STI live vaccine
Those organisms which in the process of evolution failed to develop protection from H2O2 can exist only in anaerobic conditions. Which of the following enzymes can break hydrogen peroxide down? A) Peroxidase and catalase B) Oxygenase and hydroxylase C) Cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome B5 D) Oxygenase and catalase E) Flavin-dependent oxidase
A) Peroxidase and catalase
To obtain exotoxins of some microorganisms, these microorganisms are inoculated into liquid nutrient medium, where microbial cultivation occurs and toxins are produced. At a certain stage it is necessary to remove the microbial cells from the medium, that is, to separate the toxins from microbes. What method should be applied in this case?
A) Boiling B) Bacteria-excluding filters C) Autoclaving D) Ultraviolet irradiation E) Disinfectants (chloramine)
B) Bacteria-excluding filters
Typical manifestations of food poi-soning caused by C. botulinum are double vision, abnormal functioning of the swallowing and breathing. These symptoms develop as a result of:
A) Exotoxin effects
B) Enterotoxin effects
C) Enterotoxic shock development
D) Activation of adenylate cyclase
E) Pathogen adhesion to the enterocyte receptors
A) Exotoxin effects
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological laboratory. The material was used for preparing a "hanging drop"specimen. What type of microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility? A) Immersion microscopy B) Electron microscopy C) Immune and electron microscopy D) Fluorescence microscopy E) Phase-contrast microscopy
E) Phase-contrast microscopy
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological laboratory. The material was used for preparing a "hanging drop"specimen. What type of microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility? A) Fluorescence microscopy B) Electron microscopy C) Immune and electron microscopy D) Phase-contrast microscopy E) Immersion microscopy
D) Phase-contrast microscopy
What condition may develop 15-30 minutes after re-administration of the antigen as a result of the increased level of antibodies, mainly IgE, that are adsorbed on the surface of target cells, namely ti-ssue basophils (mast cells) and blood basophils? A) Anaphylaxis B) Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity C) Delayed-type hypersensitivity D) Immune complex hyperresponsiveness E) Serum sickness
A) Anaphylaxis
What enzyme allows for synthesis of various genes from template-RNA to DNA in genetic engineering (this enzyme catalyzes the process discovered in RNA-viruses)? A) Helicase B) Exonuclease C) DNA-ligase D) Reverse transcriptase E) Endonuclease
D) Reverse transcriptase
What method ensures reliable sterili-zation of biological liquids (serums, solutions, enzymes, vitamines etc.) that cannot be exposed to high temperatures? A) Moist steam under pressure B) Dry heat C) Flowing steam D) Tyndallization E) Flaming
D) Tyndallization
While enrolling a child to school Mantu’s test was made to define whether revaccination was needed. The test result is negative. What does this test result mean?
A) Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
B) Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
C) Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
D) Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
E) Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
E) Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent of the following disease
A. Leishmaniasis
B. Trypanosomiasis
C. Leptospirosis
D. Relapsing fever
E. Syphilis
E. Syphilis
While examining a patient an otolaryngologist noticed hyperaemia and significantly edematous tonils with a grayish film upon them. Microscopical examination of this film revealed some gram- positive bacilli placed at an angle with each other. What disease might be suspected?
A. Angina B. Diphtheria C. Scarlet fever D. Meningococcal nasopharyngitis E. Epidemic parotitis
B. Diphtheria
Patient with vomiting, dizziness, sensation of dubble vision, difficult swallowing was admitted to the hospital. Doctor suspects botulism. What diagnostic methods should be used for diagnosis approving?
A. Allergic test
B. Allergic test, serological
c. Bacteriological, mycological
D. Protozoological, microscopical E.Biological test, bacteriological
E.Biological test, bacteriological
A 42-year-old man who has been injured in a car accident is brought into the emergency room. His blood alcohol level on admission is 250 mg/dL. Hospital records show a prior hospitalization for alcohol related seizures. His wife confirms that he has been drinking heavily for 3 weeks. What treatment should be provided to the patient if he goes into withdrawal?
A. Phenobarbital B. Diazepam C. Pentobarbital D.Phenytoin E. None
B. Diazepam
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal latent toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea of the patient?
A. IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
B. (R)CFT- Reiter’s compleme testnt fixation
C. Immunoblot analysis
D.RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
E.RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
B. (R)CFT- Reiter’s compleme testnt
