Questions Flashcards
Approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced? A 400-500 gallons B 300-400 gallons C 100-200 gallons D 200-300 gallons
A 400-500 gallons
2What percentage of whole milk is fat when compared on a dry matter basis? A About 50 percent B Exactly 100 percent C About 25 percent D About 10 percent
C About 25 percent
All milking equipment must be sanitized: A Weekly B Daily C Monthly D After each use
D After each use
When doing classification scoring, a cow given the numerical value of 85-89.9 is classified as: A Poor B Excellent C Fair D Very good
D Very good
A Babcock test may be used to measure the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % of milk. A Somatic cell count B Protein C Beta carotene D Fat
D Fat
The breed of dairy cow generally credited with producing the highest % of both milk fat and protein is the: A Jersey B Aryshire C Holstein D Brown Swiss
A Jersey
Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart are called: A Veins B Capillaries C Arteries D Lymphes
C Arteries
What manure waste management method runs manure across a press and squeezes the water out? A Lagoon B Solids removal C Slurry D Liquid
B Solids removal
The portion of the ruminant digestive system which consists of many folds of tissue is the: A Gizzard B Abomasum C Reticulum D Omasum
D Omasum
Milking time is best reduced by: A Speeding up pulsators B Increasing vacuum C Decreasing vacuum D Preparing cows properly
D Preparing cows properly
Many dairies place bands on their cows necks or feet, with black boxes containing electronic I.D.,
production, and management information. These units are called:
A Black boxes
B Transponders
C I boxes
D Foot drives
B Transponders
The rumen of a cow is located: A Along the top of an animal B Left side of the body C Right side of the body D Rear of the animal
B Left side of the body
Endocrinology is the science dealing with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A The lymphatic system B Carbohydrates C Lipids D Hormones
D Hormones
Rotary Parlors or Carousel milk barns have the advantage of being \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when compared to other type barns. A Faster B More Versatile C Cheaper D Safer
A Faster
Which dairy breed has a restriction for disallowing black markings? A Jersey B Ayrshire C Milking Shorthorn D Guernsey
C Milking Shorthorn
A bovine female which has not had a calf is a: A Filly B Gilt C Pullet D Heifer
D Heifer
At how many days can pregnancy be detected by palpation? A Before 14 days B Between 60 and 95 days C Between 40 to 55 days D Between 14 and 35 days
D Between 14 and 35 days
What is another term for the lowest lateral regions of the abdomen, near the groin? A Abomasum B Inguinal C Gubernaculum D Dorsal
B Inguinal
What are structural carbohydrates made of? A Lignin, sucrose, and cellulose B Cellulose, fructose, and saccharin C Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin D Cellulose, hemicellulose, lactose
C Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin
What is NAFTA? A North American Forage Trade Association B North American Free Trade Agreement C North African Free Trade Association D North American Free Trade Association
B North American Free Trade Agreement
Dry cows need 0.8 percent K in their diet. What element is K? A Calcium B Potassium C Phosphorus D Lead
B Potassium
What is the reasonable score for body condition at mid-lactation? A 1 B 4.5 C 2 D 3
D 3
Where are structural carbohydrates found in the plant? A In the cell nucleus B In the cell organelles C In the cell membrane D In the cell wall
D In the cell wall
The hormone BST is given to dairy cows: A After 200 days of lactation B In the first 45 days of lactation C 100-199 days after calving D Right before the dry period
A After 200 days of lactation
Milk with over \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ somatic cell count cannot legally be shipped in the United States? A 500,000 B 400,000 C 750,000 D 200,000
B 400,000
A mutation where a calf is born with a single toe on one or more feet is called A Cloven-hoof B Single-foot C Ungulate Toe D Mule-foot
D Mule-foot
When discussing feed mixers, what is the range of manufacturers recommended mixing times? A 7-9 minutes B 1-2 minutes C 3-6 minutes D 10-15 minutes
C 3-6 minutes
One form of biological pest management is a predator insect, that can be bought and released to help
control flies at a dairy. Which of these is NOT true about these predators:
A They are shipped during their papal stage and begin to control flies ones adults
B They attack the flies at the egg stage
C They are FDA approved for mass release
D They may be bothersome to livestock and other animals
D They may be bothersome to livestock and other animals
Which body part is located more towards the front of the animal? A Flank B Stifle C Switch D Tail head
A Flank
What does GnRH stand for? A Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone B Genotype Reflection Hormone C Gestation Repression Hormone D Genuine Recessive Hormone
A Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
What is Milk Fever paresis caused by? A Low blood levels of ionized vitamin-D B Low blood levels of ionized calcium C Low blood levels of ionized sodium D Low blood levels of ionized zinc
B Low blood levels of ionized calcium
When evaluating dairy rations what do the letters NE stand for? A Net Energy B Non Edible C Non Essential D Net Equivalence
A Net Energy
What is a cation? A A positively charged electron B A negatively charged ion C A negatively charged electron D A positively charged ion
D A positively charged ion
Neospora caninum is a major cause of what in pregnant cows? A Abortion B Nutrition deficiency C Parturition D Chronic diarrhea
A Abortion
The typical lactation curve shows a dairy cow reaching her peak production about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ days into the lactation cycle. A 50-70 days B 20-30 days C 120-180 days D 5-10 days
A 50-70 days
What percent of the cows feed intake is consumed during the daylight hours? A 70% B 50% C 90% D 65%
A 70%
The letters FSIS stand for what? A Food Safety and Inspection Service B Food Service and Inspection Safety C Food Sanitation and Inquiry Service D Free State Inspection Service
A Food Safety and Inspection Service
Many dairymen dock the tail on their cows much to the chagrin of Animals Rights groups. They believe
this is necessary to:
A Avoid injury to their milk hands
B Prevent the accidental, early detachment of the milking unit
C Insure the milking unit can be properly attached
D Reduce the incidence of mastitis
D Reduce the incidence of mastitis
PTAT stands for what? A Progeny Testing At Time B Predicted Transmitting Ability-Type C Predicted Transforming Ability-Type D Progeny Transforming Ability-Type
B Predicted Transmitting Ability-Type
Jersey cattle are characterized by having a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ face: A Mottled face B Long face C Dished face D Masculine face
C Dished face
Dairy rations, especially those for high producing cows, may be buffered to maintain a desirable rumen
ph. The most common buffering agent for this is:
A Magnesium
B Sulfates
C Sodium Bicarbonate
D Calcium
C Sodium Bicarbonate
Name the three common places Coliforms are found. A Mud, water, and blood B Mud, water, and manure C Laboratories, hospitals, and offices D Milk, mucus, and water
B Mud, water, and manure
High potassium intake will decrease a cows ability to mobilize what? A Bone phosphorus B Immunoglobulins C Bone calcium D Lymphocytes
C Bone calcium
What does NFO stand for? A National Food Organization B National Farmers Organization C National Feed Organization D National Farmers Order
B National Farmers Organization
As a rule of thumb when milk production \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ , the milk fat content \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A Stops, increases B Decreases, decreases C Increases, increases D Decreases, increases
D Decreases, increases
What trait with the only positive genetic correlation to milk production? A Dairy character B Body capacity C Feet and legs D Udder
A Dairy character
In what year did the Holstein Association start its program of recording carriers of Undesirable Recessive Traits? A 1974 B 1986 C 1969 D 1957
D 1957
The standard length of the dry period in dairy cattle is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ? A 100 days B 30 days C 60 days D 283 days
C 60 days
When discussing lactation records, what does the term fat corrected milk mean?
A Fat has been added to the milk to the correct level
B The lactation record has an average amount of milk fat
C Fat has been extracted from the milk to the correct level
D Lactation records have been adjusted to the same milk fat percentage
D Lactation records have been adjusted to the same milk fat percentage
This vitamin plays a role in the coagulation of blood: A Vitamin B12 B Vitamin C C Vitamin A D Vitamin K
D Vitamin K
Dairy Management Inc. introduced the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ social media program for dairy advocates? A Dairy goddess B Dairy farming today C myDairy D Facebook
C myDairy
98% of somatic cells are: A Lymph nodes B Plasma C Red blood cells D Leukocytes
D Leukocytes
Where are degradable proteins broken down? A Rumen B Abomasum C Omasum D Reticulum
A Rumen
Allelomimetic behavior is defined as:
A The tendency for animals to produce young with the characteristics of their parents
B The tendency for animals to flee
C The tendency for animals to separate from the herd
D The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time
D The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time
Protein is a combination of amino acids. The amino acids are unique among compounds involved in
nutrition because they contain what element?
A Copper
B Calcium
C Nitrogen
D Phosphorous
C Nitrogen
What does NSC stand for? A Nonstructural Carbons B Nonstructural Carbohydrates C Nitrogen Substitute Calories D Nitrogen Standard Calculation
B Nonstructural Carbohydrates
What hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy? A Oxytocin B Progesterone C Lutalyse D Prostaglandin
B Progesterone
According to the NRC, what percent calcium should a dry cow ration contain? A 2 percent B .39 percent C 10 percent D 1 percent
B .39 percent
What is intravenous injection? A It is administered intradermal B It is administered via the blood vessels C It is administered in the muscle D It is administered under the skin
B It is administered via the blood vessels
A perfect score for a cow according to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card is: A 100 B 500 C 50 D 1000
A 100
Some Texas dairymen are placing Bermuda and/or corn forage into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for fermentation and silage production. A Long Metal Trays B Large Horizontal Cement Pipes C Large Plastic Bags D 4'X4'X8'bales
C Large Plastic Bags
Milk traits, i.e. fat, protein, SNF and etc., tend to have a heritability of about: A 51% or more B 40-50% C 20-30% D 10% or less
C 20-30%
Dairy cows need roughage to concentrate ratio of approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to maintain the desired fat content in the milk. A 60/40 B 40/60 C 25/75 D 50/50
B 40/60
A disease causing air bubbles under the skin and usually results in rapid death is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A Milk fever B Hardware disease C Vibriosis D Black leg
D Black leg
How is a dairy’s RHA calculated?
A By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow years in the
herd this year.
B By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow
years in the herd last year.
C By adding the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days to the total number of cow years in the
herd last year.
D By multiplying the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by total number cow years in the
herd this year
B By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow
years in the herd last year.
The two main problems that effect reproduction are: A Heat detection and heat stress B Heat detection and conception rates C Heat detection and cold stress D Heat detection and ovarian cancer
B Heat detection and conception rates
Which hormone produced by the uterus causes regression of the corpus luteum? A LH B FSH C PGF D GnRH
C PGF
According to recent USDA surveys, what is the most popular age to wean dairy calves? A 7 weeks B 9 weeks C 4 weeks D 2 weeks
B 9 weeks
When using a body condition scoring system of 1 to 5, what does a score of 5 mean? A Below average body condition B Average body condition C Extremely fat D Extremely thin
C Extremely fat
Quality forage is critical for a cow’s milk production. Many people evaluate hay based upon its green
color; others think the color is a poor indication of nutrient composition. However, green colored hay is
generally considered to have a higher ________ content than more bleached out colored forage.
A Net Energy
B Vitamin B3
C Beta-carotene
D Total Digestibility Nutrients
C Beta-carotene
Fear can disrupt milk letdown in a cow. The hormone released that causes this disruption is: A Progesterone B Prostaglandin C Oxytocin D Epinephrine
D Epinephrine
What state agency regulates waste management?
A Texas Health Commission
B Texas Animal Health Commission
C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
D Environmental Preservation Agency
C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
A free martin is considered a A Sterile bull born twin to a heifer B Sterile heifer born twin to a bull C Virgin heifer that has not yet been bred D Cow that has just weaned a calf
B Sterile heifer born twin to a bull
Dairy Farmers frequently place a stomach magnet into their cows to:
A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system
B Prevent arthritis from settling in the hock and knee joints
C Improve the absorption of iron when the cows are drinking soft water
D Help improve the mineral content of the milk
A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system
Which of the following is a compartment of the dairy cow's stomach? A Ileum B Jejunum C Abomasum D Duodenum
C Abomasum
Normal presentation of a calf for parturition will have:
A Buttocks of the calf toward rear of the cow with all 4 legs and head facing down
B Hind legs towards rear of the cow with head and front legs facing down
C Front feet toward rear of the cow with head, nose first, between them
D One front leg towards rear of the cow along side head, other front leg down
C Front feet toward rear of the cow with head, nose first, between them
What is the average production lifetime of a dairy cow? A 20 years B 10 years C 6 months D 3 years
D 3 years
What numerical value does a Holstein cow get when given the classification good? A 85-89.9 B 90-100 C <70 D 75-79.9
D 75-79.9
What is a TMR to a dairy person? A Typical Managed Ration B Texas Milk Requirement C Time Management Recommendation D Total Mixed Ration
D Total Mixed Ration
Cattle grazing stressed on wilted hybrid sorghum/Johnson grass type pasture, may die as a result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A Nutrient starvation B Intestinal tract abrasions C Nutrient overload D Prussic acid poisoning
D Prussic acid poisoning
What percent of milk is water? A 50 percent B 87 percent C 93 percent D 82 percent
B 87 percent
What is the scientific term for birth? A Calving B Dystocia C Parturition D Delivery
C Parturition
What is the sex chromosome configuration of a male calf? A XY B YY C XX D FX
A XY
How many days into a pregnancy can a fetus be sexed by ultrasound? A Before 14 days B Between 40 and 50 days C Between 14 and 30 days D After 55 days
D After 55 days
Which one of the following is the name of the part of the cow's back that lies between the withers and the loin? A Poll B Thurl C Chine D Rump
C Chine
A dairy cow that has all 8 permanent incisor teeth can be considered to be a minimum of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ old. A 3 years B 2 years C 4 years D 1 year
C 4 years
How often will HACCP inspect each Dairy Farm? A A minimum of every 2 years B A minimum of once each year C A minimum of every 6 months D A minimum of once each month
C A minimum of every 6 months
Which dairy breed originated in the central part of the European continent? A Guernsey B Milking Shorthorn C Ayrshire D Brown Swiss
D Brown Swiss
One ejaculation from a bull typically contains \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sperm A 1,000,000 B 50,000,000 C 500,000 D 5,000,000
D 5,000,000
Bulk tanks must be emptied and cleaned every \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hours. A 120 B 84 C 72 D 48
D 48
The two U.S. dairy breeds that originated in the Channel Islands off the coast of France are: A Ayrshire and Milking Shorthorn B Guernsey and Jersey C Jersey and Holstein D Milking Shorthorn and Guernsey
B Guernsey and Jersey
The hormone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stimulates milk let down and may be administered via injection, when necessary after parturition. A Estrogen B Oxytocin C Progesterone D BovaTec
B Oxytocin
A dairy expects to cull approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % of their herd each year. A 10 B 70 C 50 D 25-30
D 25-30
What kinds of relationship do cattle and the microorganisms in their rumen share? A Symbiotic B Parasitic C A-Biotic D Electrostatic
A Symbiotic
What are the two types of ovarian cysts? A follicular and horn B follicular and ovum C ovum and luteal D follicular and luteal
D follicular and luteal
In the ruminant digestive system, which to the following is the name of first section of the small intestine that is connected to the abomasum? A Jejunum B Ileum C Duodenum D Omasum
C Duodenum
Which mineral is found in high concentrations in soft tissues such as the pancreas, liver, and kidney? A Selenium B Sodium C Zinc D Sulfur
C Zinc
What mineral is necessary for hemoglobin formation? A Zinc B Copper C Selenium D Iodine
B Copper
What do the letters EU stands for? A Eastern Understanding B European Union C European Underline D Eastern Union
B European Union
The rumen of a mature cow will hold approximately: A 20 gallons B 10 gallons C 5 gallons D 40 gallons
D 40 gallons
What is the classification for a Holstein cow given the numerical value of less than 70? A Good plus B Poor C Good D Fair
B Poor
One of the highest heritability traits for milk is: A Total solids B % Protein C Volume D Milking Rate
B % Protein
When referring to vaccinations, what do the letters MLV stand for? A Model Linked Viruses B Modified Live Virus C Modified Limited Vaccine D Milk Line Vaccination
B Modified Live Virus
What is the most abundant mineral in the body? A Cobalt B Iodine C Calcium D Copper
C Calcium
What combines the Predicted Transmitting Ability for protein, fat, type and udder composite index and
ranks the animal on its ability to transmit a balance of these four traits
A Herd Type Production Index
B Total Production Index
C Pedigree Type Production Index
D Type Production Index
B Total Production Index
What is the largest cost on most U.S. dairy farms? A Fuel B Veterinary fees C Labor D Feed
D Feed
Pest Predators will travel up to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ yards to find their food source (fly pupae). A 80 B 50 C 40 D 60
A 80
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a compound that is fermented for flavor in buttermilk and sour cream. A Citrate B Phosphatase C Lactose D Glucose
A Citrate
Milk fever is also (scientifically) known as what? A Mamogenesis B Postpartum paresis C Masticular Paresis D Parturient paresis
D Parturient paresis
In which breed of cow is the incidence of milk fever most common? A Jersey B Guernsey C Brown Swiss D Ayrshire
A Jersey
Dairy heifers need to be bred at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of age assuming they are at least 65% of their adult weight at that time. A 6 months B 18 months C 15 months D 12 months
C 15 months
When a small metal object punctures the stomach wall and causes an infection, the resulting disease is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A Black leg B Hardware disease C Mastitis D Milk fever
B Hardware disease
To dairymen, the most harmful disease impacting milk production and their economic bottom line is: A BUV B Mastitis C BSE D Vibriosis
B Mastitis
Parallel milk barns typically have several cows on each side. The cows are arranged in a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fashion in this barn. A Slanted B Head to tail C Diagonal D Side by side (head out)
D Side by side (head out)
Colostrum has approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ calcium, as does regular milk. A Four Times B Three Times C Two Times D The Same
C Two Times
What do the letters FARAD stand for? A Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank B Food Animal Residue Avoidance Data C Food Animal Resistance Activity Database D Food Animal Resistance Activity Data
A Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank
Heart girth measurements of cows may be used to estimate: A Calving date B Age C Milk production D Body weight
D Body weight
If the heat detection rate is 30% and the conception rate is 30%, what is the pregnancy rate? A 9% B 60% C 30% D 15%
A 9%
What is the USDEC? A United States Dairy Export Center B United States Dairy Export Council C United States Dairy Export Company D United States Dairy Export Corporation
B United States Dairy Export Council
The annual sale of dairy semen exceeds \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ straws. A 20,000,000 B 500,000 C 1,000,000 D 10,000,000
A 20,000,000
After insemination, how long do sperm live in the cow's reproductive tract? A 20 minutes B 6 hours C 2 days D 24 hours
D 24 hours
Feeding bulky feeds during the dry period and gradually bringing fresh cows back on grain are ways to prevent: A Displaced abomasum B Mastitis C Ketosis D Milk fever
A Displaced abomasum
Which dairy breed's milk is golden-yellow in color? A Ayrshire B Jersey C Guernsey D Milking shorthorn
C Guernsey
The circulatory system of a dairy cow is very important to milk production. A dairy cow must circulate
about ________ blood for each pound of milk produced.
A 50 pounds
B 400 pounds
C 200 pounds
D 8 pounds
B 400 pounds
At what isoelectric point (point at which proteins have net zero charge) do caseins precipitate? A pH 4.6 B pH 5.2 C pH 8.1 D pH 7.5
A pH 4.6
A calf's birth weight is approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % of its' mature weight. A 20 B 1 C 10 D 5
D 5
Most dairies in Texas are considered to be CAFO's. A CAFO is: A Concentrated Animal Farming Operation B Confined Animal Feeding Operation C Confined Animal Farming Operation *D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
In reference to reproduction, what does CL stand for? A Cattle Lutalysis B Compound Lepto C Cervix Lymphocyte D Corpus Luteum
D Corpus Luteum
A material used in a footbath for cows with foot rot problems is: A Copper sulfate B Sodium chloride C Monosodium phosphate D Calcium carbonate
A Copper sulfate
What structural carbohydrate component makes older plants less digestible than younger plants? A Cellulose B Sucrose C Lignin D Fructrose
C Lignin
BST is the acronym for what compound? A Bovine Special Tinticure B Black Sodium Tapestry C Barn Somatotropin D Bovine Somatotropin
D Bovine Somatotropin
The major advantage of a “low-line” milk line as compared to the older “high- line” is:
A It is easier to dump waste milk
B You don’t hit it with your head while walking
C It has a lower vacuum requirement
D It can be a smaller I.D., so it is cheaper
C It has a lower vacuum requirement
Dairy cattle where first successfully cloned in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A 1980's B 1950's C 2000's D 1880's
C 2000’s
Dairy cows produce milk that is relatively high in B complex vitamins. Because they are ruminants:
A Vitamin A will be converted to the Vitamin B complex in the rumen
B Vitamin D will be converted into the Vitamin B complex in the rumen
C It is necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex
D It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex
D It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex
Abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy is often caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A Brucellosis B Bovine virus diarrhea C Milk fever D Hardware disease
A Brucellosis
When comparing bulls for artificial insemination, what does "SCR" stand for? A Sperm conception rate B Service conception rate C Sire conception rate D Sibling conception rate
C Sire conception rate
Manure management is a major concern for most modern, large-scale dairies. The newest management
techniques being used involve:
A Collecting the methane gas being produced and using it as an energy source on the dairy
B Storing the manure in lagoons until it is applied to fields as irrigation water and nutrients
C Manure management is NOT a problem since we all know this is a natural process
D Scraping into huge piles and drying before it is shipped offsite
A Collecting the methane gas being produced and using it as an energy source on the dairy
What are the four composite indexes calculated by the Holstein Association?
A Udder, feet and legs, body color, & dairy character
B Teats, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character
C Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy quality
D Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character
D Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character
What percent non-fiber carbohydrate should a ration contain for high producing cows? A 35 to 40 percent B 56 to 61 percent C 10 to 20 percent D 22 to 27 percent
A 35 to 40 percent
Cows treated with BST typically show an increase in milk production of: A 50% B 25% C 10% D 2%
C 10%
