Questions Flashcards by Jade Cook

Approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced?
A 400-500 gallons
B 300-400 gallons
C 100-200 gallons
D 200-300 gallons

A 400-500 gallons

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2What percentage of whole milk is fat when compared on a dry matter basis?
A About 50 percent
B Exactly 100 percent
C About 25 percent
D About 10 percent

C About 25 percent

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All milking equipment must be sanitized:
A Weekly
B Daily
C Monthly
D After each use

D After each use

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When doing classification scoring, a cow given the numerical value of 85-89.9 is classified as:
A Poor
B Excellent
C Fair
D Very good

D Very good

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A Babcock test may be used to measure the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % of milk.
A Somatic cell count
B Protein
C Beta carotene
D Fat

D Fat

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The breed of dairy cow generally credited with producing the highest % of both milk fat and protein is
the:
A Jersey
B Aryshire
C Holstein
D Brown Swiss

A Jersey

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Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart are called:
A Veins
B Capillaries
C Arteries
D Lymphes

C Arteries

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What manure waste management method runs manure across a press and squeezes the water out?
A Lagoon
B Solids removal
C Slurry
D Liquid

B Solids removal

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The portion of the ruminant digestive system which consists of many folds of tissue is the:
A Gizzard
B Abomasum
C Reticulum
D Omasum

D Omasum

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Milking time is best reduced by:
A Speeding up pulsators
B Increasing vacuum
C Decreasing vacuum
D Preparing cows properly

D Preparing cows properly

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Many dairies place bands on their cows necks or feet, with black boxes containing electronic I.D.,
production, and management information. These units are called:
A Black boxes
B Transponders
C I boxes
D Foot drives

B Transponders

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The rumen of a cow is located:
A Along the top of an animal
B Left side of the body
C Right side of the body
D Rear of the animal

B Left side of the body

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Endocrinology is the science dealing with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .
A The lymphatic system
B Carbohydrates
C Lipids
D Hormones

D Hormones

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Rotary Parlors or Carousel milk barns have the advantage of being \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when compared to other
type barns.
A Faster
B More Versatile
C Cheaper
D Safer

A Faster

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Which dairy breed has a restriction for disallowing black markings?
A Jersey
B Ayrshire
C Milking Shorthorn
D Guernsey

C Milking Shorthorn

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A bovine female which has not had a calf is a:
A Filly
B Gilt
C Pullet
D Heifer

D Heifer

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At how many days can pregnancy be detected by palpation?
A Before 14 days
B Between 60 and 95 days
C Between 40 to 55 days
D Between 14 and 35 days

D Between 14 and 35 days

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What is another term for the lowest lateral regions of the abdomen, near the groin?
A Abomasum
B Inguinal
C Gubernaculum
D Dorsal

B Inguinal

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What are structural carbohydrates made of?
A Lignin, sucrose, and cellulose
B Cellulose, fructose, and saccharin
C Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin
D Cellulose, hemicellulose, lactose

C Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin

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What is NAFTA?
A North American Forage Trade Association
B North American Free Trade Agreement
C North African Free Trade Association
D North American Free Trade Association

B North American Free Trade Agreement

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Dry cows need 0.8 percent K in their diet. What element is K?
A Calcium
B Potassium
C Phosphorus
D Lead

B Potassium

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What is the reasonable score for body condition at mid-lactation?
A 1
B 4.5
C 2
D 3

D 3

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Where are structural carbohydrates found in the plant?
A In the cell nucleus
B In the cell organelles
C In the cell membrane
D In the cell wall

D In the cell wall

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The hormone BST is given to dairy cows:
A After 200 days of lactation
B In the first 45 days of lactation
C 100-199 days after calving
D Right before the dry period

A After 200 days of lactation

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``` Milk with over ________ somatic cell count cannot legally be shipped in the United States? A 500,000 B 400,000 C 750,000 D 200,000 ```

B 400,000

``` A mutation where a calf is born with a single toe on one or more feet is called A Cloven-hoof B Single-foot C Ungulate Toe D Mule-foot ```

D Mule-foot

``` When discussing feed mixers, what is the range of manufacturers recommended mixing times? A 7-9 minutes B 1-2 minutes C 3-6 minutes D 10-15 minutes ```

C 3-6 minutes

One form of biological pest management is a predator insect, that can be bought and released to help control flies at a dairy. Which of these is NOT true about these predators: A They are shipped during their papal stage and begin to control flies ones adults B They attack the flies at the egg stage C They are FDA approved for mass release D They may be bothersome to livestock and other animals

D They may be bothersome to livestock and other animals

``` Which body part is located more towards the front of the animal? A Flank B Stifle C Switch D Tail head ```

A Flank

``` What does GnRH stand for? A Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone B Genotype Reflection Hormone C Gestation Repression Hormone D Genuine Recessive Hormone ```

A Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

``` What is Milk Fever paresis caused by? A Low blood levels of ionized vitamin-D B Low blood levels of ionized calcium C Low blood levels of ionized sodium D Low blood levels of ionized zinc ```

B Low blood levels of ionized calcium

``` When evaluating dairy rations what do the letters NE stand for? A Net Energy B Non Edible C Non Essential D Net Equivalence ```

A Net Energy

``` What is a cation? A A positively charged electron B A negatively charged ion C A negatively charged electron D A positively charged ion ```

D A positively charged ion

``` Neospora caninum is a major cause of what in pregnant cows? A Abortion B Nutrition deficiency C Parturition D Chronic diarrhea ```

A Abortion

``` The typical lactation curve shows a dairy cow reaching her peak production about ________ days into the lactation cycle. A 50-70 days B 20-30 days C 120-180 days D 5-10 days ```

A 50-70 days

``` What percent of the cows feed intake is consumed during the daylight hours? A 70% B 50% C 90% D 65% ```

A 70%

``` The letters FSIS stand for what? A Food Safety and Inspection Service B Food Service and Inspection Safety C Food Sanitation and Inquiry Service D Free State Inspection Service ```

A Food Safety and Inspection Service

Many dairymen dock the tail on their cows much to the chagrin of Animals Rights groups. They believe this is necessary to: A Avoid injury to their milk hands B Prevent the accidental, early detachment of the milking unit C Insure the milking unit can be properly attached D Reduce the incidence of mastitis

D Reduce the incidence of mastitis

``` PTAT stands for what? A Progeny Testing At Time B Predicted Transmitting Ability-Type C Predicted Transforming Ability-Type D Progeny Transforming Ability-Type ```

B Predicted Transmitting Ability-Type

``` Jersey cattle are characterized by having a ________ face: A Mottled face B Long face C Dished face D Masculine face ```

C Dished face

Dairy rations, especially those for high producing cows, may be buffered to maintain a desirable rumen ph. The most common buffering agent for this is: A Magnesium B Sulfates C Sodium Bicarbonate D Calcium

C Sodium Bicarbonate

``` Name the three common places Coliforms are found. A Mud, water, and blood B Mud, water, and manure C Laboratories, hospitals, and offices D Milk, mucus, and water ```

B Mud, water, and manure

``` High potassium intake will decrease a cows ability to mobilize what? A Bone phosphorus B Immunoglobulins C Bone calcium D Lymphocytes ```

C Bone calcium

``` What does NFO stand for? A National Food Organization B National Farmers Organization C National Feed Organization D National Farmers Order ```

B National Farmers Organization

``` As a rule of thumb when milk production ________ , the milk fat content ________ . A Stops, increases B Decreases, decreases C Increases, increases D Decreases, increases ```

D Decreases, increases

``` What trait with the only positive genetic correlation to milk production? A Dairy character B Body capacity C Feet and legs D Udder ```

A Dairy character

``` In what year did the Holstein Association start its program of recording carriers of Undesirable Recessive Traits? A 1974 B 1986 C 1969 D 1957 ```

D 1957

``` The standard length of the dry period in dairy cattle is ________ ? A 100 days B 30 days C 60 days D 283 days ```

C 60 days

When discussing lactation records, what does the term fat corrected milk mean? A Fat has been added to the milk to the correct level B The lactation record has an average amount of milk fat C Fat has been extracted from the milk to the correct level D Lactation records have been adjusted to the same milk fat percentage

D Lactation records have been adjusted to the same milk fat percentage

``` This vitamin plays a role in the coagulation of blood: A Vitamin B12 B Vitamin C C Vitamin A D Vitamin K ```

D Vitamin K

``` Dairy Management Inc. introduced the ________ social media program for dairy advocates? A Dairy goddess B Dairy farming today C myDairy D Facebook ```

C myDairy

``` 98% of somatic cells are: A Lymph nodes B Plasma C Red blood cells D Leukocytes ```

D Leukocytes

``` Where are degradable proteins broken down? A Rumen B Abomasum C Omasum D Reticulum ```

A Rumen

Allelomimetic behavior is defined as: A The tendency for animals to produce young with the characteristics of their parents B The tendency for animals to flee C The tendency for animals to separate from the herd D The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time

D The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time

Protein is a combination of amino acids. The amino acids are unique among compounds involved in nutrition because they contain what element? A Copper B Calcium C Nitrogen D Phosphorous

C Nitrogen

``` What does NSC stand for? A Nonstructural Carbons B Nonstructural Carbohydrates C Nitrogen Substitute Calories D Nitrogen Standard Calculation ```

B Nonstructural Carbohydrates

``` What hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy? A Oxytocin B Progesterone C Lutalyse D Prostaglandin ```

B Progesterone

``` According to the NRC, what percent calcium should a dry cow ration contain? A 2 percent B .39 percent C 10 percent D 1 percent ```

B .39 percent

``` What is intravenous injection? A It is administered intradermal B It is administered via the blood vessels C It is administered in the muscle D It is administered under the skin ```

B It is administered via the blood vessels

``` A perfect score for a cow according to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card is: A 100 B 500 C 50 D 1000 ```

A 100

``` Some Texas dairymen are placing Bermuda and/or corn forage into ________ for fermentation and silage production. A Long Metal Trays B Large Horizontal Cement Pipes C Large Plastic Bags D 4'X4'X8'bales ```

C Large Plastic Bags

``` Milk traits, i.e. fat, protein, SNF and etc., tend to have a heritability of about: A 51% or more B 40-50% C 20-30% D 10% or less ```

C 20-30%

``` Dairy cows need roughage to concentrate ratio of approximately ________ to maintain the desired fat content in the milk. A 60/40 B 40/60 C 25/75 D 50/50 ```

B 40/60

``` A disease causing air bubbles under the skin and usually results in rapid death is ________ . A Milk fever B Hardware disease C Vibriosis D Black leg ```

D Black leg

How is a dairy's RHA calculated? A By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow years in the herd this year. B By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow years in the herd last year. C By adding the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days to the total number of cow years in the herd last year. D By multiplying the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by total number cow years in the herd this year

B By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow years in the herd last year.

``` The two main problems that effect reproduction are: A Heat detection and heat stress B Heat detection and conception rates C Heat detection and cold stress D Heat detection and ovarian cancer ```

B Heat detection and conception rates

``` Which hormone produced by the uterus causes regression of the corpus luteum? A LH B FSH C PGF D GnRH ```

C PGF

``` According to recent USDA surveys, what is the most popular age to wean dairy calves? A 7 weeks B 9 weeks C 4 weeks D 2 weeks ```

B 9 weeks

``` When using a body condition scoring system of 1 to 5, what does a score of 5 mean? A Below average body condition B Average body condition C Extremely fat D Extremely thin ```

C Extremely fat

Quality forage is critical for a cow's milk production. Many people evaluate hay based upon its green color; others think the color is a poor indication of nutrient composition. However, green colored hay is generally considered to have a higher ________ content than more bleached out colored forage. A Net Energy B Vitamin B3 C Beta-carotene D Total Digestibility Nutrients

C Beta-carotene

``` Fear can disrupt milk letdown in a cow. The hormone released that causes this disruption is: A Progesterone B Prostaglandin C Oxytocin D Epinephrine ```

D Epinephrine

What state agency regulates waste management? A Texas Health Commission B Texas Animal Health Commission C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality D Environmental Preservation Agency

C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

``` A free martin is considered a A Sterile bull born twin to a heifer B Sterile heifer born twin to a bull C Virgin heifer that has not yet been bred D Cow that has just weaned a calf ```

B Sterile heifer born twin to a bull

Dairy Farmers frequently place a stomach magnet into their cows to: A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system B Prevent arthritis from settling in the hock and knee joints C Improve the absorption of iron when the cows are drinking soft water D Help improve the mineral content of the milk

A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system

``` Which of the following is a compartment of the dairy cow's stomach? A Ileum B Jejunum C Abomasum D Duodenum ```

C Abomasum

Normal presentation of a calf for parturition will have: A Buttocks of the calf toward rear of the cow with all 4 legs and head facing down B Hind legs towards rear of the cow with head and front legs facing down C Front feet toward rear of the cow with head, nose first, between them D One front leg towards rear of the cow along side head, other front leg down

C Front feet toward rear of the cow with head, nose first, between them

``` What is the average production lifetime of a dairy cow? A 20 years B 10 years C 6 months D 3 years ```

D 3 years

``` What numerical value does a Holstein cow get when given the classification good? A 85-89.9 B 90-100 C <70 D 75-79.9 ```

D 75-79.9

``` What is a TMR to a dairy person? A Typical Managed Ration B Texas Milk Requirement C Time Management Recommendation D Total Mixed Ration ```

D Total Mixed Ration

``` Cattle grazing stressed on wilted hybrid sorghum/Johnson grass type pasture, may die as a result of ________ . A Nutrient starvation B Intestinal tract abrasions C Nutrient overload D Prussic acid poisoning ```

D Prussic acid poisoning

``` What percent of milk is water? A 50 percent B 87 percent C 93 percent D 82 percent ```

B 87 percent

``` What is the scientific term for birth? A Calving B Dystocia C Parturition D Delivery ```

C Parturition

``` What is the sex chromosome configuration of a male calf? A XY B YY C XX D FX ```

A XY

``` How many days into a pregnancy can a fetus be sexed by ultrasound? A Before 14 days B Between 40 and 50 days C Between 14 and 30 days D After 55 days ```

D After 55 days

``` Which one of the following is the name of the part of the cow's back that lies between the withers and the loin? A Poll B Thurl C Chine D Rump ```

C Chine

``` A dairy cow that has all 8 permanent incisor teeth can be considered to be a minimum of ________ old. A 3 years B 2 years C 4 years D 1 year ```

C 4 years

``` How often will HACCP inspect each Dairy Farm? A A minimum of every 2 years B A minimum of once each year C A minimum of every 6 months D A minimum of once each month ```

C A minimum of every 6 months

``` Which dairy breed originated in the central part of the European continent? A Guernsey B Milking Shorthorn C Ayrshire D Brown Swiss ```

D Brown Swiss

``` One ejaculation from a bull typically contains ________ sperm A 1,000,000 B 50,000,000 C 500,000 D 5,000,000 ```

D 5,000,000

``` Bulk tanks must be emptied and cleaned every ________ hours. A 120 B 84 C 72 D 48 ```

D 48

``` The two U.S. dairy breeds that originated in the Channel Islands off the coast of France are: A Ayrshire and Milking Shorthorn B Guernsey and Jersey C Jersey and Holstein D Milking Shorthorn and Guernsey ```

B Guernsey and Jersey

``` The hormone ________ stimulates milk let down and may be administered via injection, when necessary after parturition. A Estrogen B Oxytocin C Progesterone D BovaTec ```

B Oxytocin

``` A dairy expects to cull approximately ________ % of their herd each year. A 10 B 70 C 50 D 25-30 ```

D 25-30

``` What kinds of relationship do cattle and the microorganisms in their rumen share? A Symbiotic B Parasitic C A-Biotic D Electrostatic ```

A Symbiotic

``` What are the two types of ovarian cysts? A follicular and horn B follicular and ovum C ovum and luteal D follicular and luteal ```

D follicular and luteal

``` In the ruminant digestive system, which to the following is the name of first section of the small intestine that is connected to the abomasum? A Jejunum B Ileum C Duodenum D Omasum ```

C Duodenum

``` Which mineral is found in high concentrations in soft tissues such as the pancreas, liver, and kidney? A Selenium B Sodium C Zinc D Sulfur ```

C Zinc

``` What mineral is necessary for hemoglobin formation? A Zinc B Copper C Selenium D Iodine ```

B Copper

``` What do the letters EU stands for? A Eastern Understanding B European Union C European Underline D Eastern Union ```

B European Union

``` The rumen of a mature cow will hold approximately: A 20 gallons B 10 gallons C 5 gallons D 40 gallons ```

D 40 gallons

``` What is the classification for a Holstein cow given the numerical value of less than 70? A Good plus B Poor C Good D Fair ```

B Poor

``` One of the highest heritability traits for milk is: A Total solids B % Protein C Volume D Milking Rate ```

B % Protein

``` When referring to vaccinations, what do the letters MLV stand for? A Model Linked Viruses B Modified Live Virus C Modified Limited Vaccine D Milk Line Vaccination ```

B Modified Live Virus

``` What is the most abundant mineral in the body? A Cobalt B Iodine C Calcium D Copper ```

C Calcium

What combines the Predicted Transmitting Ability for protein, fat, type and udder composite index and ranks the animal on its ability to transmit a balance of these four traits A Herd Type Production Index B Total Production Index C Pedigree Type Production Index D Type Production Index

B Total Production Index

``` What is the largest cost on most U.S. dairy farms? A Fuel B Veterinary fees C Labor D Feed ```

D Feed

``` Pest Predators will travel up to ________ yards to find their food source (fly pupae). A 80 B 50 C 40 D 60 ```

A 80

``` ________ is a compound that is fermented for flavor in buttermilk and sour cream. A Citrate B Phosphatase C Lactose D Glucose ```

A Citrate

``` Milk fever is also (scientifically) known as what? A Mamogenesis B Postpartum paresis C Masticular Paresis D Parturient paresis ```

D Parturient paresis

``` In which breed of cow is the incidence of milk fever most common? A Jersey B Guernsey C Brown Swiss D Ayrshire ```

A Jersey

``` Dairy heifers need to be bred at ________ of age assuming they are at least 65% of their adult weight at that time. A 6 months B 18 months C 15 months D 12 months ```

C 15 months

``` When a small metal object punctures the stomach wall and causes an infection, the resulting disease is called ________ . A Black leg B Hardware disease C Mastitis D Milk fever ```

B Hardware disease

``` To dairymen, the most harmful disease impacting milk production and their economic bottom line is: A BUV B Mastitis C BSE D Vibriosis ```

B Mastitis

``` Parallel milk barns typically have several cows on each side. The cows are arranged in a ________ fashion in this barn. A Slanted B Head to tail C Diagonal D Side by side (head out) ```

D Side by side (head out)

``` Colostrum has approximately ________ calcium, as does regular milk. A Four Times B Three Times C Two Times D The Same ```

C Two Times

``` What do the letters FARAD stand for? A Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank B Food Animal Residue Avoidance Data C Food Animal Resistance Activity Database D Food Animal Resistance Activity Data ```

A Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank

``` Heart girth measurements of cows may be used to estimate: A Calving date B Age C Milk production D Body weight ```

D Body weight

``` If the heat detection rate is 30% and the conception rate is 30%, what is the pregnancy rate? A 9% B 60% C 30% D 15% ```

A 9%

``` What is the USDEC? A United States Dairy Export Center B United States Dairy Export Council C United States Dairy Export Company D United States Dairy Export Corporation ```

B United States Dairy Export Council

``` The annual sale of dairy semen exceeds ________ straws. A 20,000,000 B 500,000 C 1,000,000 D 10,000,000 ```

A 20,000,000

``` After insemination, how long do sperm live in the cow's reproductive tract? A 20 minutes B 6 hours C 2 days D 24 hours ```

D 24 hours

``` Feeding bulky feeds during the dry period and gradually bringing fresh cows back on grain are ways to prevent: A Displaced abomasum B Mastitis C Ketosis D Milk fever ```

A Displaced abomasum

``` Which dairy breed's milk is golden-yellow in color? A Ayrshire B Jersey C Guernsey D Milking shorthorn ```

C Guernsey

The circulatory system of a dairy cow is very important to milk production. A dairy cow must circulate about ________ blood for each pound of milk produced. A 50 pounds B 400 pounds C 200 pounds D 8 pounds

B 400 pounds

``` At what isoelectric point (point at which proteins have net zero charge) do caseins precipitate? A pH 4.6 B pH 5.2 C pH 8.1 D pH 7.5 ```

A pH 4.6

``` A calf's birth weight is approximately ________ % of its' mature weight. A 20 B 1 C 10 D 5 ```

D 5

``` Most dairies in Texas are considered to be CAFO's. A CAFO is: A Concentrated Animal Farming Operation B Confined Animal Feeding Operation C Confined Animal Farming Operation *D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation ```

D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

``` In reference to reproduction, what does CL stand for? A Cattle Lutalysis B Compound Lepto C Cervix Lymphocyte D Corpus Luteum ```

D Corpus Luteum

``` A material used in a footbath for cows with foot rot problems is: A Copper sulfate B Sodium chloride C Monosodium phosphate D Calcium carbonate ```

A Copper sulfate

``` What structural carbohydrate component makes older plants less digestible than younger plants? A Cellulose B Sucrose C Lignin D Fructrose ```

C Lignin

``` BST is the acronym for what compound? A Bovine Special Tinticure B Black Sodium Tapestry C Barn Somatotropin D Bovine Somatotropin ```

D Bovine Somatotropin

The major advantage of a "low-line" milk line as compared to the older "high- line" is: A It is easier to dump waste milk B You don't hit it with your head while walking C It has a lower vacuum requirement D It can be a smaller I.D., so it is cheaper

C It has a lower vacuum requirement

``` Dairy cattle where first successfully cloned in the ________ . A 1980's B 1950's C 2000's D 1880's ```

C 2000's

Dairy cows produce milk that is relatively high in B complex vitamins. Because they are ruminants: A Vitamin A will be converted to the Vitamin B complex in the rumen B Vitamin D will be converted into the Vitamin B complex in the rumen C It is necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex D It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex

D It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex

``` Abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy is often caused by ________ . A Brucellosis B Bovine virus diarrhea C Milk fever D Hardware disease ```

A Brucellosis

``` When comparing bulls for artificial insemination, what does "SCR" stand for? A Sperm conception rate B Service conception rate C Sire conception rate D Sibling conception rate ```

C Sire conception rate

Manure management is a major concern for most modern, large-scale dairies. The newest management techniques being used involve: A Collecting the methane gas being produced and using it as an energy source on the dairy B Storing the manure in lagoons until it is applied to fields as irrigation water and nutrients C Manure management is NOT a problem since we all know this is a natural process D Scraping into huge piles and drying before it is shipped offsite

A Collecting the methane gas being produced and using it as an energy source on the dairy

What are the four composite indexes calculated by the Holstein Association? A Udder, feet and legs, body color, & dairy character B Teats, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character C Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy quality D Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character

D Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character

``` What percent non-fiber carbohydrate should a ration contain for high producing cows? A 35 to 40 percent B 56 to 61 percent C 10 to 20 percent D 22 to 27 percent ```

A 35 to 40 percent

``` Cows treated with BST typically show an increase in milk production of: A 50% B 25% C 10% D 2% ```

C 10%

``` Recent research traits have shown that dairy cows prefer to be milked ________ times/day if they are able to choose. A Four or more times B Three times C One D Two ```

A Four or more times

What does the term freshen mean in relation to dairy production? A To stop producing milk B To give birth C Exhibits signs of extreme agitation or freshness D To become pregnant

B To give birth

``` A dairy cow that has her feet too far forward (under her belly) is said to be: A Splay footed B Post legged C Cow hocked D Sickle hocked ```

D Sickle hocked

``` Milk sugars are not very soluble. Some people have difficulty hydrolyzing them in their bodies. This problem is called ________ . A Lactose intolerance B Lactose irritability C Lactose indigestibility D Lactose adjustment ```

A Lactose intolerance

``` What should the pH of a "close up" Holstein's urine be? A Between 2.0 and 3.0 B Between 1.0 and 2.0 C Between 6.0 and 6.5 D Between 11.0 and 12.0 ```

C Between 6.0 and 6.5

``` Milk that is low in SCC has more casein, which is a primary component in ________ ? A Butter B Cream C Cheese D Milk ```

C Cheese

``` What are two methods for shortening udder hair? A Singeing and waxing B Clipping and singeing C Clipping and straight razor shaving D Electrolysis and waxing ```

B Clipping and singeing

``` Which of the following is the most popular type of cheese in the United States? A Cheddar B Mozzarella C Colby D Swiss ```

A Cheddar

``` When examining feed rations, what do the letters NDF stand for? A Normal Detergent Fiber B Neutral Directing Fiber C Normally Digestible Fiber D Neutral Detergent Fiber ```

D Neutral Detergent Fiber

``` Which of the compartments of a cow's four-compartment stomach acts as the true stomach? A Reticulum B Omasum C Rumen D Abomasum ```

D Abomasum

What are ways to avoid milk fever in cows? A Feeding low-potassium hay and/or silage to dry cows B Fasting dry cows two weeks before calving C Both feeding low-potassium hay and/or silage to dry cows AND adding anionic salts to the dry cow ration D Adding anionic salts to the dry cow ration

C Both feeding low-potassium hay and/or silage to dry cows AND adding anionic salts to the dry cow ration

A dairyman may milk in a rapid exit barn. This simply means that: A The barn has NO individual milking stalls but has long hoses allowing the milkers to be placed on the cow wherever she is standing in the barn B The barn has NO sidewalls and this allows all the cows access to the outside immediately upon release C The cows leave the milkers via an alley wide enough to allow 2 or more cows side by side D The barn was constructed with adequate exits to facilitate safe removal of all cows in the event of a fire

C The cows leave the milkers via an alley wide enough to allow 2 or more cows side by side

``` An average Holstein cow should give ________ pounds per day for each lactation. A 400 B 50 C 8.5 D 165 ```

B 50

``` How much water can a lactating cow consume in one day? A 5 gallons B 25 gallons C 15 gallons D 35 gallons ```

B 25 gallons

``` HTST is a ________ A Pasteurizing system B Milking parlor design C Breed of dairy cow D Genetic Marker in Holstein Cattle ```

A Pasteurizing system

``` What pathway in young calves directs milk into the abomasum, bypassing the rumen, reticulum, and omasum? A Rumen passinomis B Masticulas passinomis C Esophageal groove D Rumen bypass groove ```

C Esophageal groove

``` The first feeding of colostrum should equal about ________ percent of the calf's body weight? A 10 B 2 C 1 D 5 ```

D 5

``` Body condition scores from 1 to 5 are used to track herd health and nutrition. Dry cows should have a body score from: A 2.0-2.5 B 2.5-3.0 C 3.5-4.0 D 0.5-1.0 ```

C 3.5-4.0

``` What percent of crude protein should a calf starter be? A 6-8 B 10-12 C 16-18 D 22-24 ```

C 16-18

``` Which reproductive condition results when the fetal membranes remain within the uterus for an extended period following parturition? A Retained ovum B Ruptured follicle C Retained placenta D Prolapsed uterus ```

C Retained placenta

``` In a cow, where would you find an alveolus? A Skin B Udder C Intestine D Brain ```

B Udder

``` What is the name of the term for a farm's unique identification number that is part of the National Animal Identification System? A Zip Code B RFID C Registration ID D Premis ID ```

D Premis ID

``` What machine is used to determine if water has been added to milk? A Acme Milk Saver B Antioscope C Water Monitor D Cryoscope ```

D Cryoscope

``` ________ represents the largest daily input cost in producing milk. A Animals B Labor C Feed D Water ```

C Feed

``` The number one reason for culling in U.S. dairy herds is: A Mastitis B Age C Reproductive failure D Lameness ```

C Reproductive failure

``` After a bulk tank is washed and rinsed, beading of water droplets is a sign of ________ . A Protein residue B pH buffer residue C Milk residue D Fat residue ```

D Fat residue

``` What is the hormone that causes Uterine contractions to assist in parturition? A Progesterone B Estrogen C Prostaglandin D Oxytocin ```

D Oxytocin

``` Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for absorbing excess water? A Omasum B Small intestines C Rumen D Large intestines ```

D Large intestines

``` The portion of the ruminant digestive system which is known as and functions as the ³true´stomach is the: A Abomasum B Omasum C Proventriculus D Reticulum ```

A Abomasum

``` Which one of the following describes biotin? A An amino acid B A source of energy C A B-Vitamin D A trace mineral ```

C A B-Vitamin

``` How many days after parturition should you wait before breeding a cow back? A 120 days B 365 days C 10 days D 60 days ```

D 60 days

Texas dairies normally must be permitted by the ________ before they begin operations. A Environmental Protection Agency B Texas Farm Bureau C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality D Dairy Herd Improvement Association

C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

Research has shown that by formulating lactating cow rations with proper amounts of certain amino acids, we can decrease the crude protein content of the ration and reduce ________ ? A Phosphorus B Nitrogen excretion C Acidosis D Bloat

B Nitrogen excretion

``` The topline of a cow is made up of the: A Loin and chine B Loin and stifle C Chine and flank D Chine and stifle ```

A Loin and chine

``` What does NFDM stand for? A New Federal Dairy Mandate B National Forum of Dairy Milkers C Nonfat Dairy Milk D Nonfat Dry Milk ```

D Nonfat Dry Milk

``` Which one of the following is the largest dairy milk marketing cooperative in the U.S.? A California Dairies B Dairy Farmers of America (DFA) C Maryland and Virginia Milk Producers D Land O' Lakes ```

B Dairy Farmers of America (DFA)

``` What is the USDA's AIPL? A Animal Improvement Program Library B Animal Import Program Liability C Animal Import Processing Language D Animal Improvement Program Lab ```

D Animal Improvement Program Lab

``` When discussing nutrition, what does NPN stand for? A Natural protein nitrogen B Nonprotein nitrogen C Normal protein nitrogen D Neutral protein nitrogen ```

B Nonprotein nitrogen

``` On average, how many weeks after freshening does a cow's dry matter intake peak? A 12-14 weeks B 2-4 weeks C 1-2 weeks D 40-42 weeks ```

A 12-14 weeks

``` Milk let down in a dairy cow may be stimulated by: A Stressing the cow B Electric shock applied to the cow C Feeding the cow D Hollering at the cow ```

C Feeding the cow

``` Cheddar cheese accounts for ________ % of American type cheeses made in the U.S. A 78 B 65 C 80 D 72 ```

C 80

``` Generally, high-producing Holsteins eat ________ pounds of dry matter per day? A 10-20 B 45-55 C 25-30 D 75-100 ```

B 45-55

``` What does the acronym IPM stands for? A International pest management B Internal pest management C Integrated pest management D Insect Problem Management ```

C Integrated pest management

``` In dairy cows, what is the name of the disease caused by the organisms Staph Aureus, Strep Uberis, and Klebsiella? A Listerosis B Mastitis C Metritis D Brucellois ```

B Mastitis

``` What does BVD stand for? A Bovine Viral Diarrhea B Bovine Viral Disease C Bovine Viral Distress D Bovine Viral Defecation ```

A Bovine Viral Diarrhea

``` When is the best time to feed anionic salts to dairy cows? A Immediately after calving B The day before calving C Two weeks prior to calving D While the cow is calving ```

C Two weeks prior to calving

``` What bacterium causes Johne's disease in cattle? A E-Coli. B Colostridium C Johne's Virus D Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis ```

D Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis

``` What is the USAHA? A U S Animal Health Award B U S Animal Health Association C U S Animal Housing Association D U S Agricultural Health Administrator ```

B U S Animal Health Association

``` What ration ingredients contain the highest concentration of energy? A Carbohydrates B Minerals C Sugars D Fats ```

D Fats

``` Brucellosis is also known as: A Bangs B Milk fever C Ketosis D Mastitis ```

A Bangs

Many dairy bulls have their nose pierced with a ring in it. This allows for: A Training of the bull to an electric fence B Operation of the magnetic latch used for the self feeder C Restraint and control of the animal D Individual identification information

C Restraint and control of the anima

``` What is a common name for infectious kerato conjunctivitis? A Acidosis B Pink eye C Johne's Disease D Ringworm ```

B Pink eye

A ________ is usually necessary when feeding Dairy Cows TMR rations. A Feed trough or bunk feeder in milk barn B Vertical concentrate bin C Auger system in parlor D Mixer box on a truck or trailer

D Mixer box on a truck or trailer

``` What is intra muscular injection? A It is administered in the muscle B It is administered under the skin C It is administered intradermal D It is administered via the blood vessels ```

A It is administered in the muscle

``` A ________ gene in Black and White Holsteins is responsible for the red and white color being expressed at times: A Recessive B Incomplete Dominant C Dominant D Co-dominant ```

A Recessive

``` Fats are broken down by a dairy cow in what part of her body? A Large intestine B Rumen C Pancreas D Small intestine ```

D Small intestine

``` Normal body temperature for a dairy cow is ________ . A 107.5 degrees F B 99.5 degrees F C 98.5 degrees F D 101.5 degrees F ```

D 101.5 degrees F

``` Crude fiber in a dietary ration must be at least ________ % or milk fat percent will decrease. A 8 B 5 C 18 D 12 ```

C 18

``` Manure digesters convert ________ fuel into electricity. A Methane B Propane C Biodiesel D Ethanol ```

A Methane

``` What do the letters NRC stand for? A National Research Center B National Research Company C National Research Chapter D National Research Council ```

D National Research Council

``` Why is fat added to dairy rations? A To add a concentrated form of energy B To increase the volatile fatty acid level C To help fight BVD D To increase milk fat % ```

A To add a concentrated form of energy

``` Corn silage stored in sealed upright silos should be ensiled at what moisture? A No less than 60 percent moisture B No less than 30 percent moisture C No less than 40 percent moisture D No less than 50 percent moisture ```

A No less than 60 percent moisture

``` In the reproductive tract of a dairy cow, how many uterine horns are there? A One B None C Two D Three ```

C Two

``` Which system of the cow's body is most affected by paratuberculosis? A Reproductive B Circulatory C Respiratory D Digestive ```

D Digestive

``` Alfalfa is an example of ________ in a dairy ration. A Roughage B Probiotic C Concentrate D Energy Supplement ```

A Roughage

``` What stomach compartments are not developed in a newborn calf? A Rumen and omasum B Rumen and reticulum C Abomasum and omasum D Abomasum and rumen ```

B Rumen and reticulum

``` In cows, salmonellosis infections are most common in those that have calved within ________ . A 10 days B 2 days C 20 days D 50 days ```

A 10 days

``` What is the CCC? A Caring Cats Corporation B Crazy Cow Corporation C Cow Chemistry Center D Commodity Credit Corporation ```

D Commodity Credit Corporation

Feeding proper rations during the summer is important for both cow comfort and maintaining milk production. Which nutrient is most important during the summer months? A Water B Vitamins C Protein D Fat

A Water

``` What does NMPF stand for? A New Mexico Producers Funding B Northern Milk Producers Formulation C National Milk Producers Federation D National Milk Protein Foundation ```

C National Milk Producers Federation

``` The dairy breed which produces the highest volume of milk is the: A Milking Shorthorn B Holstein C Aryshire D Brown Swiss ```

B Holstein

``` If there are large numbers of flies around the dairy barn, what should be the first thing to be examined in an attempt to solve the fly problem? A Milking procedures B Cow feeding procedures C Manure handling procedures D Calf feeding procedures ```

C Manure handling procedures

``` For best results calves should be fed colostrum within ________ hours of calving: A 3 hours B First day C 6 hours D 1st hour ```

C 6 hours

``` The top most part of a cow's head is called the: A Pin B Hook C Poll D Knoll ```

C Poll

``` What is a nonfunctional mammary gland called? A Nonproductive quarter B Bulging quarter C Absent quarter D Blind quarter ```

D Blind quarter

``` When looking at DHI records, what do the letters RHA stand for? A Regional Holstein Associations B Registered Holstein Ancestry C Rolling Herd Average D Registered Herd Ancestry ```

C Rolling Herd Average

``` What percent of dry matter in plants is made of carbohydrates? A 50 percent B 65 percent C 85 percent D 75 percent ```

D 75 percent

``` A mutation where calves have little or no control over the movement of their legs is called A Mule-foot B Limber leg C Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency D Weaver syndrome ```

B Limber leg

``` What is the accepted standard length for a lactation record in dairy cattle? A 100 days B 365 days C 200 days D 305 days ```

D 305 days

What do the letters IDFA stand for? A International Dairy Finance Administrators B International Dairy Foods Association C International Dairy Farmers Association D International Dairy Food Act

B International Dairy Foods Association

``` New computerized robotic milk stations are becoming a reality today. They have different names but one common one is MOD system. MOD means: A Move on Down B Magnificent Overall Design C Milk on Demand D Money on Deposit ```

C Milk on Demand

``` What describes the fraction of the ration proteins, which is broken down by digestive enzymes and utilized by rumen bacteria? A % Total Digestible Protein B % Bacterial Protein C % Degradable proteins D % Water Dissolvable Protein ```

C % Degradable proteins

Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (BPDME) is better known as Weaver Syndrome@ because of A The name of the person that first detected it B The regenerative process used to treat symptoms C The location where it was first detected D The weaving gait of affected cattle

D The weaving gait of affected cattle

``` Thurl position is a trait evaluated in the ________ category on the PDCA Unified Scorecard? A Udder B Frame C Rear feet and legs D Dairy strength ```

C Rear feet and legs

``` When does the greatest mammary tissue growth occur during a cow's life? A Before she is born B During the first pregnancy C At puberty D During the second pregnancy ```

B During the first pregnancy

``` Milk should be below what temperature before it is transferred to a milk truck? A 40 degrees F B 26 degrees F C 36 degrees F D 66 degrees F ```

C 36 degrees F

``` The condition in which the cow is giving more milk than nutrients that she is consuming in feed is called: A Positive net energy balance B Over Milked C More milk than feed D Negative net energy balance ```

D Negative net energy balance

``` Which cows have higher protein requirements? A High-producing open cows B Low-producing open cows C Low-producing pregnant cows D High-producing pregnant cows ```

D High-producing pregnant cows

``` Hairy Heel Wart is scientifically known as what? A Digital phlegmon B Digital Dermatitis C Intraheel laminitis D Digital Divide ```

B Digital Dermatitis

``` Cows produce pheromones which: A Increase levels of milk production B Attract the opposite sex C Prevent pregnancy D Ward off infections ```

B Attract the opposite sex

``` Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus? A Warts B BVD C Cow pox D Laminitis ```

D Laminitis

``` Fermented forage plants relates to: A Flash grazing B Strip grazing C Hay D Silage ```

D Silage

``` Lactation is unique to ________ . A Insects B Crustaceans C Reptiles D Mammals ```

D Mammals

What do nonstructural carbohydrates consist of? A Proteins, Acids, and Alkalis B Plant starch, Pectin, and Sugar C Plant proteins, Pectin, and Sugar D Plant sugars, Lactic Acid, and Potassium

B Plant starch, Pectin, and Sugar

``` What acid is formed when nonstructural carbohydrates are digested in the rumen? A Propionic acid B Lactic acid C Propyl-hydro chloride D Citric acid ```

A Propionic acid

``` What bacterium causes cattle tuberculosis (TB)? A Mycobacterium avious B Mycobacterium bovis C Mycobacterium canine D Mycobacterium ovius ```

B Mycobacterium bovis

``` Each animal inherits certain genes from both parents. What percentage of genes does a calf receive from its sire? A 50 percent B 25 percent C 85 percent D 75 percent ```

A 50 percent

``` Foot Rot is Scientifically known as what? A Intraheel laminitis B Digital Divides C Digital Dermatitis D Interdigital phlegmon ```

D Interdigital phlegmon

``` If you add sugar to a milk product, you must ________ the minimum pasteurization temperature by_____________ A Increase, 10 B Decrease, 10 C Decrease, 5 D Increase, 5 ```

D Increase, 5

``` What percent moisture should corn silage be chopped at when stored in horizontal bunker silos? A 90 percent moisture B 50 percent moisture C 30 percent moisture D 70 percent moisture ```

D 70 percent moisture

``` Dairy herds have historically used artificial insemination. Currently approximately ________ % of all dairy pregnancies results from A.I. A 10 B 85 C 95 D 50 ```

B 85

Fresh milk, at a dairy, is required to be cooled to a minimum of 50 degrees F within 4 hours time after milking. However many larger dairies are using a ________ to accomplish this within minutes. A Dry ice B Plate chiller C Refrigeration unit D Tanker truck

B Plate chiller

``` A Milking herd's TMR should be available to cows how many hours throughout the day? A 20 to 24 B 5 to 9 C 15 to 18 D 10 to 12 ```

A 20 to 24

``` A cow's gestation period is ________ long? A 1 day B 282 days C 365 days D 114 days ```

B 282 days

``` Producers using BST must give their cows an injection of it every: A Day B 7 days C 14 days D 30 days ```

C 14 days

``` What is an anion? A A positively charged electron B A positively charged ion C A negatively charged ion D A negatively charged electron ```

C A negatively charged ion

``` What manure waste management puts solids in a bin and lets it degrade? A Slurry B Composting C Lagoon D Solid ```

B Composting

``` Mule-foot is found most often in ________ dairy breed? A Jersey B Guernsey C Holstein D Brown Swiss ```

C Holstein

``` What numerical value does a Holstein cow get when given the classification excellent? A <70 B 80-84.9 C 70-74.9 D 90-100 ```

D 90-100

``` What is the classification for a Holstein cow given the numerical value 80-84.9? A Poor B Good plus C Fair D Good ```

B Good plus

In order to prevent bloat, the feed additive Poloxalene is often added to feed rations for cows that are grazing. Which of the following grazed forages are most likely to cause bloat? A Turnips and Sudan grass B Alfalfa and Clover C Wheat and barley D Fescue and orchard grass

B Alfalfa and Clover

A cow with high lactation persistence is important for a dairy's economic success. Lactation persistency is: A Cows ability to milk for 500 or more days B Cows Ability to maintain production under adverse climatic conditions C Tendency for a cow to milk for more than 30 minutes/milking D Cows Milk production this month divided by production last month X 100

D Cows Milk production this month divided by production last month X 100

``` What is the FAS? A Foreign Agricultural Service B Finland Agriculture Service C Final Agriculture Service D Food and Agriculture Service ```

A Foreign Agricultural Service

``` Fumonsin and zearalenone are examples of: A Carbohydrates B Vitamins C Mycotoxins D Minerals ```

C Mycotoxins

``` This bacteria causes Circling Disease in cattle: A Mycoplasma B Leucosis C Salmonella D Listeria ```

D Listeria

``` Rumen bacteria enable dairy cattle to utilize which feed supplement? A Sodium bicarbonate B Urea C Defluorinate phosphate D Calcium carbonate ```

B Urea

Cow comfort has been linked to milk production in numerous research studies. Which of the following is NOT an example of a way to improve cow comfort used by dairymen: A Providing wading pools allowing them to cool off during hot weather B Allowing them access to their new born calf for the 1st 30 days C Providing air mattresses for the cows to lay on D Reducing air flow through the barn during cool weather

B Allowing them access to their new born calf for the 1st 30 days

``` Proponents of global warming having accused cows of being a major factor. This is due to their release of: A Gaseous Oxygen B Argon Gas C Carbon Dioxide Gas D Chloride Gas ```

C Carbon Dioxide Gas

``` Nutritionists have developed a test to compare one alfalfa sample to another, determining the RFV of each. RFV stands for: A Real Food Value B Risk for Value C Relative Forage Value D Regulative Free Velocity ```

C Relative Forage Value

``` How many days after breeding can a pregnancy be detected by ultrasound? A Before 14 days B Between 28 to 30 days C Between 30 and 55 days D Between 14 and 28 days ```

B Between 28 to 30 days

``` The rear quarters produce ________ % of the daily milk yield. A 80% B 60% C 20% D 40% ```

B 60%

``` The milk produced on a dairy must be moved through a system of components and piping made from: A High carbon steel B Galvanized steel C Fiberglass D Stainless steel ```

D Stainless steel

``` Reduced gestation length and retained placenta typically are the first symptoms of ________ vitamin deficiency A Vitamin D B Vitamin A C Vitamin K D Vitamin B ```

B Vitamin A

``` What is the most essential nutrient in animal feeding animals and maintaining health? A Vitamins B Minerals C Water D Protein ```

C Water

``` The portion of the milker unit that first receives the milk as it is withdrawn from the cow is the: A Low line B Receiver jar C Claw D Milk meter ```

C Claw

``` Coccidia infection can occur when calves are 4 to 8 weeks old. Coccidia causes: A Pneumonia B IBR C BVD D Enteritis ```

D Enteritis

``` About 90% of U.S. dairies use a ________ milking schedule. A Once/day B Three times/day C Milk on Demand D Twice/day ```

D Twice/day

``` Adequate consumption of long fiber roughage is important to both milk production and herd heath. A long fiber roughage is one that is: A Less than 1 inch long B Longer than 1.5 inches C Longer than 6 inches D Longer than 12 inches ```

B Longer than 1.5 inches

``` How many chromosomes does the nucleus of each reproductive cell have in dairy cattle? A 30 B 24 C 15 D 32 ```

A 30

``` Cows that are at risk of developing ketosis can be fed what vitamin to help prevent ketosis? A Zinc B B-complex C Vitamin-C D Niacin ```

D Niacin

``` What is lactogenesis? A The initiation of milk secretion B The initiation of estrus C The initiation of mastitis D The cessation of milk production ```

A The initiation of milk secretion

``` The most costly form of mastitis is? A Subclinical B Clinical C Chronic D Acute ```

A Subclinical

``` Heritability for milk production in dairy cattle is: A 80% B 50% C 5% D 30% ```

D 30%

``` Colostrum given to a baby calf more than ________ hours old is NOT absorbed and thus does little good. A 48 B 6 C 12 D 24 ```

D 24

``` Which one of the following is NOT classified as a water soluble-vitamin? A Vitamin A B Niacin C Biotin D Folic acid ```

A Vitamin A

``` Which purebred dairy breed association introduced a dairy price stabilization program in 2009? A Holstein B Jersey C Ayshire D Guernsey ```

A Holstein

``` Where are non-degradable proteins absorbed? A Large intestine B Small Intestine C Rumen D Liver ```

B Small Intestine

``` A condition of low blood calcium, which results in partial paralysis of the cow is known as ________ . A Milk fever B Hardware disease C Brucellosis D Bovine virus diarrhea ```

A Milk fever

``` In regards to pedigrees, what is a RHA? A Registered Herd Ancestry B Registered Holstein Ancestry C Rolling Herd Average D Registered Herd Average ```

B Registered Holstein Ancestry

``` Dairy cattle have a ________ field of vision to their front. A Less than 90 degree B 180-270 degree C 90-180 degree D 300 + degree ```

D 300 + degree

``` When can a heifer calf born twin to a bull be registered? A As soon as she is born B When it is proven that she will breed C When she is 6 months old D As soon as she is weaned ```

B When it is proven that she will breed

``` "Weaver Syndrome" is most often found in the ________ dairy breed? A Guernsey B Jersey C Brown Swiss D Holstein ```

C Brown Swiss

``` In regards to dairy production RHA refers to: A Rollover Her Amplitude B Reckless Herdsman Attitude C Registered Herd Ancestry D Rolling Herd Average ```

D Rolling Herd Average

``` The only aspect of milk quality that can be completely controlled on the farm is ________ . A Drug residue B Bacteria counts C Milk protein D Milk flavor ```

A Drug residue

``` What units are used to measure energy? A Calories B Liters C Grams D Micro Farads ```

A Calories

``` Legally you cannot make cottage cheese from raw milk, but you can make ________ from raw milk. A Cheddar cheese B Ice cream C Yogurt D Sour cream ```

A Cheddar cheese

``` A disease transmitted through natural mating which causes abortion, low conception rates, and irregular heat cycles is ________ . A Black leg B Milk fever C Hardware disease D Vibriosis ```

D Vibriosis

``` What is the approximate time of ovulation in cattle after the beginning of heat? A 90 hours B 3 hours C 60 hours D 30 hours ```

D 30 hours

``` How frequently should an average cow freshen? A Only once in her lifetime B Once every 12 months C Once every 20 months D Once every 24 months ```

B Once every 12 months

What is GATT? A General Agreement on Trades and Tariffs B General Agricultural Tariffs and Trades C General Alien Tariff and Trade D General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

D General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Young dairy calves frequently suffer and may die due to scours. The chief cause of deadly scours at this age is: A Excessive intake of milk replacer B Internal parasites, primarily the roundworm C The bacteria Escherichia Coli D Excessive colostrum intake

C The bacteria Escherichia Coli

``` What do the letters FSA stand for? A Farm Sales Agency B Farm Safety Administration C Farm Study Agency D Farm Service Agency ```

D Farm Service Agency

``` Almost 95% of the dairy cows in the U.S. are: A Brown Swiss B Holstein C Jersey D Angus ```

B Holstein

It is widely acknowledged that a calcium/phosphorus ration of about ________ ________ is best for a dairy ration since this mirrors that of the cows body. A 5:1 B 10:1 C 1:1 D 2:1

D 2:1

``` Which major dairy breed association was the first to use computers to maintain breed registry records? A Milking Shorthorn B Holstein C Guernsey D Jersey ```

C Guernsey

``` A very popular dairy management software in Texas is: A Basic Dairy 101 B Dairyhelp4U C Dairy Comp 305 D Dairy Power vs. 2 ```

C Dairy Comp 305

When compared to normal corn silage, brown mid-rib corn silage has more energy and high digestibility. This is due largely to its lower content of ________ . A Starch B Potassium C Lignin D Fat

C Lignin

``` When then environmental temperature falls below 30 F, the normal diet of a young calf should be supplemented with ________ ? A Protein B Warm Fresh Milk C Energy D Vitamin A ```

C Energy

``` Which part of an animal touches the ground if he/she is walking on a correct set of feet and legs? A Pastern B Knee C Dewclaw D Sole ```

D Sole

``` Which mineral functions in maintaining osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and body fluid balance? A Sodium B Sulfur C Zinc D Selenium ```

A Sodium

%DBH stands for what? A Percentage of Difficulty Breeding in Heifers B Percentage of Dead Breathing Heifers C Percentage of Difficult Births in Heifers D Percentage of Dead Born Heifers

C Percentage of Difficult Births in Heifers

``` What is the BFP? A Basic Foundation Price B Butter Fat Price C Basic Formula Price D Basic Formula Preparation ```

C Basic Formula Price

``` The most common pathogen found in raw milk is: A Campylobacter B Salmonella C Cryptosporidia D Escherichia coli ```

D Escherichia coli

``` What type of mastitis is the easiest to cure? A Coliforms B Streptococus agalactae C Staph Aureus D Paratuberliocsis ```

B Streptococus agalactae

When using sexed semen, conception rates are ________ percent of the conception rates achieved when using unsexed semen under the same conditions? A 15-40% B 50-80% C 10% or less D 90-95%

B 50-80%

``` A switch on a cow is: A The area directly behind the withers B Located beneath the heart girth C The bottom most part of the tail D A fluff of hair on the forehead ```

C The bottom most part of the tail

``` Cows have ________ streak canals per teat. A 2 B 3 C 1 D 4-8 ```

C 1

``` Grass Tetany may occur in early lactation cows grazing lush, heavily, fertilized pastures. Grass Tetany is caused by a ________ deficiency. A Thiamine B Vitamin E C Calcium D Magnesium ```

D Magnesium

``` The breed of dairy cattle that can be roan, all red, all white, or even spotted red and white is: A Ayrshire B Holstein C Milking Shorthorn D Guernsey ```

C Milking Shorthorn

``` The source of rennet (a substance used in cheese making) is: A A tropical plant B Sugar beets C The abomasum of a milk fed calf D Insect Larvae ```

C The abomasum of a milk fed calf

``` Limber leg is found most often in the ________ dairy breed? A Jersey B Guernsey C Brown Swiss D Holstein ```

A Jersey

``` Which compartment of a dairy cow's stomach is located closest to the heart and it is a spot where hardware disease occurs? A Rumen B Reticulum C Omasum D Abomasum ```

B Reticulum

When sanitizing milking equipment with water, the temperature must be a minimum of 170 degrees F and the utensils are to be under the flow of water for ________ minute(s). A 1 B 5 C 15 D 10

B 5

``` The Global Dairy Agenda for Action is a pledge to reduce ________ emissions in an attempt to address global warming? A Nitrous oxide B Carbon C Sulfur D Manure odor ```

B Carbon

``` To the hundredth, how many pounds of milk are in one gallon? A 8.72 pounds B 8.62 pounds C 8.92 pounds D 8.52 pounds ```

B 8.62 pounds

``` The medical name tarsal hygroma, a common aliment of dairy cows is commonly called:: A Swollen hock B Foot Wart C Acidosis D Dehydration ```

A Swollen hock

``` Which one of the following is not classified as a fat-soluble vitamin? A Vitamin A B Vitamin B C Vitamin D D Vitamin K ```

B Vitamin B

``` If the freezing point of a sample of raw milk is above 30 degrees F this indicates: A Low butterfat % B High butterfat % C Normal Sample D High % of water ```

D High % of water

``` Corn silage, stored in upright, top-unloading silos, should be chopped at what percent moisture? A 72 to 75 percent moisture B 92 to 95 percent moisture C 62 to 65 percent moisture D 82 to 85 percent moisture ```

C 62 to 65 percent moisture

``` On the PDCA Unified Dairy Score Card, the category feet and legs accounts for how many points? A 10 B 15 C 20 D 30 ```

C 20

``` In the standard protocol for cleaning milking equipment, which of the following is not one of the four phases of cleaning? A Chlorinated alkaline wash B Acid rinse C Pre-rinse D Back flushing ```

D Back flushing

``` If a dairy bull has been genetically tested to determine his genomic make-up, this will be indicated on his pedigree by what letters? A DNA-TPI B GTTPI C GTPI D TPI-G ```

C GTPI

``` What percent of lactating dairy cows have oxytocin in their bloodstreams during milking? A 50% B 60% C 75% D 100% ```

D 100%

The CWT programs stands for Cooperatives Working Together. Which of the following describes the function of this program? A A national dairy farmer-funded program that is used to help stabilize milk prices B The world-wide cooperative network for agricultural products C An international program used to market whey proteins D A state-wide program that addresses the cost of dairy feeds

A A national dairy farmer-funded program that is used to help stabilize milk prices

Dairy producers are particularly watchful for zoonotic diseases in their herd. Zoonotic diseases are defined as those that: A Pass from animals to humans and vice versa B Pass from animal to animal among different species C Have no knows cures and as such, are especially feared D Pass from animal to animal of the same species

A Pass from animals to humans and vice versa

``` According to the American Veterinary Medicine Association, the preferred method of dehorning young calves is ________ . A Disbudding B Gouging C Caustic paste D Cauterizing veins ```

A Disbudding

``` When evaluating a dairy ration, what do the letters TDN stand for? A Tested Digestible Nutrients B Total Dietary Needs C Total Dietary Nitrogen D Total Digestible Nutrients ```

D Total Digestible Nutrients

``` A dairy cow may not reach her highest milk yield until she is: A 4-5 years old B Over 10 years old C 3-4 years old D 5-9 years old ```

D 5-9 years old

``` How many grams of lactose are in an 8 oz. glass of milk? A 21 B 10 C 25 D 17 ```

B 10

In a sire's proof, daughters' calving ease measures ________ . A The cow's calving ease B The influence of the sire of the cow on calving ease C A bull's tendency to sire calves that are born easily D The caving ease of the first calf heifers from the sire

B The influence of the sire of the cow on calving ease

``` Which trait is worth the most points according to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card? A Frame B Udder C Body capacity D Dairy character ```

B Udder

``` Regarding feed formulation, what does CAD stand for? A Carbohydrate- Amino Degradation B Cation-Anion Difference C Cation-Anion Degree D Cation-Amonia Difference ```

B Cation-Anion Difference

``` When referring to rations, what do the letters NFC stand for? A Not for Consumption B Non-forage Carbohydrates C Non-Fat Concentration D Non-fungus Colony ```

B Non-forage Carbohydrates

``` All U.S. dairy farms are inspected by state inspectors through a program coordinated by the Food and Drug Administration. Inspectors follow a publication called the PMO. What does PMO stand for? A Pre-milking Options B Post-Milking Options C Pasteurized milk ordinance D Primary Milking Operations ```

C Pasteurized milk ordinance

``` When referring to milk test used at the processing plant, what is a DMC? A Direct Micro Compatibility B Direct Measurement Control C Direct Microscopic Counts D Direct Microscopic Cells ```

C Direct Microscopic Counts

``` The hooks and pins on an animal relate most closely to the: A Feet and legs B Udder C Thigh D Rump ```

D Rump

In a study of milk parlors conducted by researchers at the University of Florida, how did parallels perform when compared to herringbones? A Herringbones out performed parallels by nearly 8 percent B They performed the same C Parallels were 50% slower D Parallels out performed herringbones by nearly 8 percent

D Parallels out performed herringbones by nearly 8 percent

``` A rolling herd average (RHA) is based on how many months? A Lifetime of the cow B One C Twenty four D Twelve ```

D Twelve

Dairy cattle frequently develop milk fever shortly after calving. They become immobile, comatose, and may die without treatment. The treatment typically involves: A Adding additional salt to their feed to supply extra calcium and phosphorus B Injection of Vitamin B-12 C Using a stomach pump to administer adequate water to keep them hydrated D Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate

D Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate

``` The ________ is the device responsible for regulating both the vacuum level and the proportion of the vacuum for the front and rear quarters. A Inflation B Milk meter C Claw D Pulsator ```

D Pulsator

``` When feeding close-up cows a calcium deficient diet, which gland is stimulated? A Mammary gland B Pituitary Gland C Hypothalamus Gland D Parathyroid gland ```

D Parathyroid gland

``` To maintain margins, you should be monitoring and making decisions based on your herd's IOFC. What do the initials IOFC stand for? A Income on feeding cows B Income over forage cost C Income over finance cost D Income over feed costs ```

D Income over feed costs

``` How much more energy do fats contain per unit than carbohydrates and proteins? A 3 B 3.25 C 2 D 2.25 ```

D 2.25

``` What breed is known to produce milk over a greater number of years than all other breeds? A Milking Shorthorn B Jersey C Guernsey D Brown Swiss ```

D Brown Swiss

``` Which of the following is an infectious disease? A Milk fever B Ringworm C Bloat D Hardware disease ```

B Ringworm

``` What is subcutaneous injection? A It is administered intradermal B It is administered under the skin C It is administered in the muscle D It is administered via the blood vessels ```

B It is administered under the skin

``` Which of the following is not a commonly used estrus synchronization program for dairy cattle? A Pre-synch B CIDR C Post-synch D Heat-synch ```

C Post-synch

``` On the PDCA Unified Dairy Score Card, the category dairy strength accounts for how many points? A 15 B 10 C 20 D 25 ```

D 25

``` 349. When a cow comes into heat every few days, she is referred to as? A Anestrus B Gestation C Lactation D Cystic ```

D Cystic

``` What female hormone causes follicles to begin to develop? A Follicle stimulating hormone B Estrogen C Prolactin D Luteinizing hormone ```

A Follicle stimulating hormone