Questions 1-18

Question 1

Keep Ponds Clean Or Fish Get Sick

What is the order of Linnean Taxonomy?

Q1

[5]

Answer 1

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 2

What are the kingdoms of prokaryotes?

Q2

[2]

Answer 2

Archaea & Eubacteria

Question 3

Great Minds Really Can Think Rationally And Differently

Give 2 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Q3

[6]

Answer 3

• Both contain genetic material in the form of DNA
• Both have cell membranes
• Both use ribosomes for protein synthesis
• Both have a cytoplasm
• Both undergo transcription & translation
• Both can reproduce
• Both can adapt to changes in the environment
• Both follow the central dogma

only need 2

Question 4

Never Stop Making Delicious Pancakes, Chef

Give 4 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Q3

[6]

Answer 4

• Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus
• Prokaryotes are smaller
• Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, e.g. mitochondria, ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and sytoskeleton
• Prokaryotes divide by binary fission; eukaryotes divide by mitosis/meiosis
• Prokaryotes contain plasmids
• Eukaryotes are more complex

only need 4

Question 5

Define epigenetic regulation of genes

Q4

[2]

Answer 5

Temproary changes to nuclear proteins & DNA that do not alter the nucleotide sequence but do alter gene expression

Question 6

What is a missense mutation

Q5

[2]

Answer 6

Genetic alteration when a single base pair substitution alters the genetic code in a way that produces a different amino acid than the amino acid normally in that position

Question 7

Who is in Ireland?

Darwin’s finches form a typical example of which type of speciation?

Q6

[1]

Answer 7

Allopatric

Question 8

only need 1

Give an example of a mechanism that produces epigenetic changes

Q7

[1]

Answer 8

DNA methylation
OR
Histone modification

Question 9

PANDA PAW

Name five types of selection pressures

Q8

[5]

Answer 9

Predators
Availability of resources
Nutrient Supply
Disease/pathogenic spread
Accumulation of wastes
Phenomena (e.g. natural disaster)
Abiotic factors (temperature, CO2 levels)
Weather conditions

only need 5

Question 10

With an example, define a symbiotic relationship

Q9

[2]

Answer 10

A mutually beneficial relationship between species, e.g. bees & nectar, anemone & clownfish, fruit bats & figs

Question 11

Define ‘sympatric speciation’

Q10

[2]

Answer 11

Evolution from an ancestral species while in the same geographic region to create a new species

Question 12

What factors may lead to a genetic bottleneck

Q12

[2]

Answer 12

It happens by change, e.g. earthquake, disease, etc.

need ‘chance’ and an example

Question 13

What lifeform is the most abundant on earth?

Q13

[1]

Answer 13

Bacteria

Question 14

What is meant by the term niche in terms of a species?

Q14

[1]

Answer 14

The role of an organism in its ecosystem, including the conditions it needs to survive

Question 15

Evolution is a random process, true or false?

Q15

[1]

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Evolution by natural selection cannot be noticed by humans as it is too slow to notice, true or false?

Q16

[1]

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Define homologous structures

Q17

[2]

Answer 17

Anatomical features with similar structure and origin, but different functions

Question 18

Name 3 mechanisms which are likely to be important in diversification

Q18

[3]

Answer 18

• Mutation
• Non-random mating
• Gene flow
• Genetic drift
• Selection
• Competition
• Resource limitations
• Pathogens

Only need 3