Question Types Flashcards
main point
main conclusion
argument is structure to lead to which conclusion
reasoning; match; MAIN POINT
X responds to Y b…
claim that…plays what role
technique/method/strategy of argumentation/reasoning
reasoning; match; REASONING
assumption on which the argument depends/relies
assumption required
reasoning; help; NECESSARY ASSUMPTION
The correct answer will: be essential to the argument; connect evidence to the conclusion; rule out obstacles; pass the NT
POE: not relevant, contradicts conclusion; too strongly worded, given argument’s scope
if assumed, allows the conclusion to follow logically
allows the conclusion to the properly drawn
reasoning; help; SUFFICIENT ASSUMPTION
The correct answer will: fill a missing link in the logical chain; makes the conclusion valid
POE: restates premises, brings in new information; necessary but not sufficient
most supports/justifies the argument above
most strengthens
reasoning; help; STRENGTHEN
The correct answer will: solidify an assumption introduce new evidence that supports the conclusion; eliminate an alternate explanation of the premises; bolster the integrity of the evidence; explain why or how the evidence leads to the conclusion
POE: not relevant; wrong direction (weakens); simply restates a premise
principle that, if valid, justifies the argument
reasoning; help; PRINCIPLE - STRENGTHEN
The correct answer will: state a general rule that if applied to the evidence, allows you to reach the conclusion; says a crucial assumption is true; makes the reasoning airtight
POE: not relevant; not strong enough; provides unnecessary reinforcement of a premise; can’t be applied to the situation to reach a definite conclusion
most undermines
calls into question
casts doubt on
reasoning; hurt; WEAKEN
The correct answer will: introduce new evidence that hurts the conclusion; attack the integrity of the given evidence; provide an alternate interpretation of evidence; introduce another consideration that might make the conclusion wrong
POE: not relevant; go the wrong direction (strengthen), attempt to weaken by appearing to contradict a premise
flaw/error in reasoning
vulnerable to criticism
reasoning; hurt; FLAW
The correct answer will: identify a weakness in the argument; identify an assumption; correctly identify the common flawed pattern; match the argument as closely as possible
POE: not relevant; does not correctly match the argument or its conclusion; describes a common flaw that the argument does not contain
statements above, if true, support
must/could be true/false
reasoning/information; extract; POINT-AT-ISSUE
puzzling statement
apparent contradiction
paradox
resolution
explanation
information; help; RESOLVE/ EXPLAIN
most analogous
similar pattern of reasoning
reasoning; match; PARALLEL
conforms/illustrates….principle/proposition
(sometimes reasoning); match; PRINCIPLE- MATCH
