* Question Set * Flashcards
Kholberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post Conventional
Pre-conventional: interested in securing their own benefit. Avoiding punishment, don’t have a good sense of right and wrong.
Conventional: learn about rules and authority. Learn to obey conventions of what one should and shouldn’t do, no distinction between moral and legal
Post-Conventional: differentiate moral right/wrong and law right/wrong
Formal operational stage of Piaget’s stages of development
12-adult
Can abstract and think in hypothetical terms
4th stage of Freud,s psychosocial development
Latency- once libidinal energy has been sublimated, child’s libido is dormant until puberty
Problem Solving stratagies and their obstacles
algorythms, heuristics, trial/error, insight. Obstacles include functional fixedness, misleading/irrelevant info, assumptions, and mental set (only use sol, that have worked in the past)
Integrity v despair
65+
Is it okay to have been me?
Good : wisdom aka detached concern for life itself, assured in the meaning of life, dignity, acceptance of death and that one’s life has been worthwhile
Bad : bitterness, feeling that life has been worthless, fear of death
Postconventional morality
Third phase of Kohlberg theory of moral reasoning.
Phase 5- social contract: moral rules are designed for the greater good while reasoning protects individual rights
Stage 6- universal human ethics : reasoning is made up of abstract principals (its wrong to do it because it is fundamentally wrong)
First stage of Freud’s psychosexual development
Oral stage
0-1 Year’s
Schachter singer theory
When an event causes arousal, we then interpret the arousal and find the reason for it
Concrete Operational stage of Piaget’s Stages of Development
7-12
child can think logically about concrete objects and can thus add and subtract. They can understand conservation and others’ perspectives
Autonomy v shame and doubt
Erik erikson’s second essential conflict
1-3
Good outcome : child is able to exert control over the world and themselves in the form of self restraint
Bad outcome : doubt and persistent external locus of control
Is it okay to be me?
Charles Spearman
two factor theory of intelligence: g factor and s factor
- G factor = general intelligence
- S factor = specific intellectual abilities
Identity v role confusion
Erik eriksons psychosocial stages of development
12-20
Good : fidelity and the ability to see oneself as unique and integrated person
Bad : amorphous personality that shifts day to day
Who am I? What can I be?
Schachter singer two factor theory
Physiological response—> interpretation —> emotion
Initiative v guilt
Erik eriksons third essential conflict
3-6
Favorable : sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities, ability to enjoy accomplishment
Bad : child is so afraid of punishment they restrain themselves or overcompensate by showing off
Is it okay for me to do, move, and act?
Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development
8 stages
- Trust v Mistrust
- Autonomy v Shame
- Initiative v Guilt
- Industry v Inferiority
- Ego Identity v Role Confusion
- Intimacy v Isolation
- Generatively v Stagnation
- Ego Identity v Despair
Name the two important equations for HW pop equilibriums
P+q=1
P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Social Desirability Bias
the tendency to answer questions in a way that will be viewed favorably by others. They over-report “good” things and under-repot “bad”
Industry inferiority
Erik eriksons essential conflict
6-12
Good : child I’d competent, able to exercise his or her abilities and intelligence
Bad : sense of inadequacy and inability to act in a competent manner. Low self esteem
Can I make it in the world of people and things?
Does myoglobin or hemoglobin have higher oxygen affinity? Where are each found?
Myoglobin is located in the muscles and has a higher O2 affinity than Hb drawing O2 from Hb in blood to Mb in muscle
Conventional morality
The second phase of Kohlberg. Stage three - conformity, seeking approval, understanding and accepting social rules
Stage 4- law and order, puts social order in the highest regard
Pre-operational stage of Piaget’s stages of development
2-6 Uses symbols (words/images) to represent objects but does not reason logically. Child also has the ability to pretend. Egocentric.
Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
8 forms: bodily kinesthetic visual spacial inter- and intrapersonal naturalistic logical-math music verbal/linguistic
Hormones released by the posterior pituitary
ADH and oxytocin
Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual theory of development
uses sexuality as the main driver of development. Four stages: oral, anal, phallic, genital.
Which metal cofactors is necessary for Carbonic Anhydrase function?
Zinc
Looking glass self
Reflecting ourselves back to ourselves
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic (structural) theory
states that personality and behavior are the result of conflict between the id, ego, and superego.
What age do people enter postconventional morality?
Adulthood if at all
Third stage of Freud’s psychosexual development
Phallic or Oedipal stage 3-5 Males - Oedipal conflicts Females - Electra conflict Child learns morals, identifies with their same sex parent, and sublimates libidinal energy
sensorimotor stage of Paget’s stages of development
0-2
object permanence and separation anxiety. Explores world through direct sensory and motor contact
Theory of mind
Being able to sense how another person is thinking or interpreting a situation
At what age do people enter preconyventional morality?
Preadolescent
Second stage of Freud’s psychosexual development
Anal stage
1-3
Potty training
Zone of proximal development
Vygotsky’s work on cognitive development which uses the child’s internalization of cultural aspects like rule, language, etc. the zone is those skills and abilities that are not fully developed but are in the process of development. Acquisition requires a more knowledgeable other.
Trust v mistrust
Erik Erickson’s first essential conflict
0-1
If successful, child will be able to trust the environment and themself
If not, they are suspicious throughout life
Can I trust the world?
Mediating variable
Explain the relationship between independent and dependent variables
Preconventional morality (1)
First phase of Kohlberg theory. Stage one is Obedience - avoid punishment
Stage 2 is Self-interest - gaining rewards. Sometimes called instrumental relativist stage because it is asked on reciprocity
Cannon bard
Emotions and physiological response are simultaneous
What does the posterior portion of the spinal cord control?
Sensation
Final stage of Freud’s psychosexual development theory
Genital stage, beginning in puberty and if all stages have been successfully resolved the person will enter normal heterosexual relationship
Piaget’s Stages of Development
sensorimotor (0-2)
Pre-operational (2-6)
Concrete Operational (7-12)
Formal Operational (12-adult)
Intimacy v isolation
Erik eriksons essential psychosocial conflicts
20-40
Good : love, the ability to form intimate relationships, and the ability to commit to others and our own goals
Bad : lack of commitment, alienation, and capable of only superficial relationships
Can I love?
Theory behind Kohlberg theory of personality development
Moral reasoning
Endocrine v exocrine
endocrine gland secretes its products, for example hormones, directly into the blood. … An exocrine gland secretes its products for example enzymes, into ducts that lead to the target tissue.
What do fibroblasts do?
Fibroblasts are embedded in the extra cellular matrix and produce the fibers comprising connective tissues such as collagen
James Lange theory
Physical —> emotion
Generativity v stagnation
Erik eriksons essential conflicts
40-65
Good : capable of being productive, caring, on contributing members of society
Bad : become bored, self indulgent, and self centered
Can I make my life count?
Moderating variable
Influences the strength of a relationship between the independent and dependent variables
At what age do people enter conventional morality?
Adolescence and adulthood
Hormones released by the anterior pituitary
FLAT PEG
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone), LH (Leutinizing Hormone), ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone), TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), Prolactin, Endophins, and Growth Hormones.
What does the anterior portion of the spinal cord control?
Motility
Crystalized intelligence
the use of previously learned knowledge, skills and experiences
Robert Sternberg
theory of intelligence with 3 categories: practical, creative, and analytical
Sertoli Cells
secrete anti-Mullerian hormone during development in order to degenerate the mullerian ducts. In adulthood, they regulate sperm development
leydig cells
secrete androgens- testosterone and DHT
primary target of FSH in males
sertoli cells. these cells synthesize paracrine molecules when activated
primary target of LH in men
Leiydig cells which produce testosterone
